‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ – ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،6‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ – 2‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪94-77‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﺔﺑﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺎﻟﻮ‡‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢﺃﻣﺎﻧﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎ*‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﺟﺎﻧﺘﺎ†& ﻟﻮﺭﺩﻳﺲ ﺃﻓﻴﻼ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺪﻑﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻋﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﻴﻦﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ )ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ = ‪ (157‬ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ )ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‪1 ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦﺃﺟﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻭﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %15‬ﻛﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪Division and Elite(، 1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ %69‬ﻭ‪ %71‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ‪ %21.8‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ )‪ ،(RG‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻭﺧﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥﻭﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﻝ ٍ)‪Günay 2016‬‬
‫‪ (Polat and‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ )‪et al. 2015‬‬
‫‪ .(Bordalo‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ )‪.(Bobo-Arce and Méndez-Rial 2013‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍءﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ )‪et al. 2004, Rutkauskaitė and Skarbalius 2009, 2011‬‬
‫‪ .(Di Cagno et al. 2009, Douda et al. 2008, Miletić‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺗﻤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ )‪ .(Laffranchi 2001‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻯﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫* ﻃﺎﻟﺐﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ – ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪ FADEUP‬ﻟﻸﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫)‪ ،(CIFI2D‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫†ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ )‪ ،(CIFI2D‬ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻙ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‡ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ )‪ ،(CIFI2D‬ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻙ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﻱ=‪ajspo.6-2-2/10.30958‬‬ ‫‪https://doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.6-2-2‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‬

‫)‪and Titov 1999, Stadnik et al. 2010, Volpi da Silva et al. 2008‬‬
‫‪ .(Jastrjembskaia‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ)‪ .(Boligon et al. 2015‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻳﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ )‪ (Jastrjembskaia and Titov 1999‬ﻭﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺇﺗﻘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺧﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ)‪ .( .(Lisitskaya 1995‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﺎً ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎً ﻟﻸﺩﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰﺍﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﻳﻬﺪﻑ‪ RG‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﺩﺍء ﻋﺎﻝ‪ ٍ،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻻﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ )‪ .(Teixeira and Paroli 2000, Zaidi 2011‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ )ﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎ ‪ .(1995‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻴﺴﻴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎ )‬
‫‪ ،(1995‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆﺍﺕﺑﺎﻷﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ ‪ .RG‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍً ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻲ ‪،RG‬‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰﻳﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ (1) :‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪ (2) ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞﻓﻲ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ )‪ (3‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﺃﺩﺍء ‪ RG‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪. .‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ‪ 157:‬ﻻﻋﺐ ﺟﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺎﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺧﻼﻝﻣﻮﺳﻢ ‪ ،2013/2014‬ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪1 ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪:‬ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ )ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،(RG‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫‪.(1‬‬

‫‪78‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪.1‬ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻧﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ)ﻥ = ‪(82‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫)ﻥ = ‪(9‬‬ ‫)ﻥ = ‪(66‬‬
‫‪1.8 ±14.8‬‬ ‫‪13.5±2.1‬‬ ‫‪13.3±2.0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ)ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ(‬
‫‪±6.2*31.2‬‬ ‫‪±6.4*18.5‬‬ ‫‪±6.4*13.9‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ )ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪/‬ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ(‬
‫‪±1.9*8.2‬‬ ‫‪±2.6*6.6‬‬ ‫‪±3.2*5.6‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‪) RG‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ(‬
‫‪6.0±1.5‬‬ ‫‪1.9 ±6.4‬‬ ‫‪2.6 ±7.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ )ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ(‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ‪* p>0.05:‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻻﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‪:‬ﺗﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ )‪ (CEFADE 20- 2013‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻠﺴﻨﻜﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪:‬ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ‪ RG‬ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً‬
‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ )‪ .(Klentrou et al. 2010‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .(2‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ )‪ (LL‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(PLF‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ )‪ (PLS‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻒ )‪ .(PLB‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ‪ LL‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻷﻋﻠﻰﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ )‪ (ALF‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ )‪ (ALS‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻒ )‪ .(ALB‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ )‪ (UL‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﻼﺏ )‪ .(RUL‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ )ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ( ﻣﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ )‪ (TLV‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ )‪،(MTL‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ )‪ PL‬ﻭ‪ AL‬ﻭ‪ (TL‬ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔﻛﻞ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﻣﻦ ‪ 0‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ )‪ = 0‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ = 1 ،‬ﻣﺮﺽ‪ = 2 ،‬ﺟﻴﺪ‪ = 3 ،‬ﺟﻴﺪ ﺟﺪﺍً‪ = 4 ،‬ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍًﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ RUL‬ﻭ‪ (FRS‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ )ﺳﻢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ PL) LL‬ﻭ‪ AL‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،(1‬ﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪ LL‬ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ )‪ (PLL‬ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ )‪ .(NPLL‬ﺇﻥ ‪ PLL‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻻﻋﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭ ‪ NPLL‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ ،LL‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ )ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ( ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ‪ LL‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ )‪PLL‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‪ ،(NPLL‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ) ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟـ ‪ PLL‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟـ‬
‫‪ .(NPLL‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ PLF‬ﻭ‪ PLS‬ﻭ‪ PLB‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ )ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟـ ‪ PLL‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟـ ‪ (NPLL‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ALF‬ﻭ‪ ALS‬ﻭ‪ ALB‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪79‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪.2‬ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻓﻊﺳﺎﻗﻚ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ‬
‫ﻭ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻳﺪ)ﺁﻝ(‬ ‫ﻳﺪ)ﺭ(‬
‫)ﻟﻴﺮﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ(‬
‫(‪)FSR‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ)ﺭﻭﻝ(‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫‪scapulohumer‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻝﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫)ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦﺃﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﺔﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻻء‬ ‫ﻣﻌُﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪90:‬ﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪5‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻛﻢﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪ 5‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪ 5‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ)ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ)ﺳﻢ(‬ ‫)ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ(‬ ‫)ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ(‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ(‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎﻡﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺩﺕﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ)ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ)ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ(‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ(‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﺔﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻻء‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻴﻞﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ‬ ‫)ﺃﻟﻒ(‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ (‪)ALS‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪)PLF(،‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍء‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎء( ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺭ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫)ﺃﻟﺐ( ﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﺨﻠﻒ )‪(PLB‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨُﺪﻭُﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ (‪)TLV‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻐﻞﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫)ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍءﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﺘﺎﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻜﻔﺎء(‬
‫‪2‬‬‫)ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ(‬

‫ﻛﻼﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‪:‬ﻛﻠﻴﻨﺘﺮﻭ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2010 .‬‬
‫‪1‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺩﺍ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2,2008 .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﺘﺮﻭ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪2010 .‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ ،LL‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺪ ‪ %15‬ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ )ﺃﻱ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ( ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ(‪2009‬‬
‫‪ .NPLL )Marchetti‬ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ )‪ (AI‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪et al. 1997‬‬
‫‪ ،AI )%( = ])PLL-NPLL(/PLL[*100 :(Chavett‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ‪ AI‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪،‬‬
‫‪ PLL‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ (PLL‬ﻭ‪ NPLL‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‪.(NPLL‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
 ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻢﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺗﻴﻦ )‪ ،Nikon D5300‬ﻃﻮﻛﻴﻮ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ‪ ،Samsung VP DX 100‬ﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ( ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻔﺎﺭﻕ ‪ 10‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺣﺺ )‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻛﻴﻨﺪﺍﻝ ‪ (0.97-0.83‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺤﻨﻴﻦ )ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫‪ ،(Intraclass0.84-0.97‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪:‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ .(SPSS 23.0‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ .٪5‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﻭﻳﻠﻜﻮﻛﺴﻮﻥ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﺮﺳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ‪ NPLL‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ )ﻉ = ‪ .(0.001‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭ‪.LL‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎًﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻗﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ LL‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،(3‬ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ )‪ (p ≤0.05‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪) LL‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ(‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ PLL‬ﻭ‪.NPLL‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪.3‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ‪NPLL‬؛ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎءﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ )‪(%‬‬ ‫‪NPLL‬‬ ‫‪PLL‬‬ ‫‪NPLL‬‬ ‫‪PLL‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ()ﺱ ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ(‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬

‫)ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬ ‫)ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬
‫‪28.6%‬‬ ‫‪3.3 -0.3‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0.3‬‬ ‫‪1.5±0.6‬‬ ‫‪±0.82.1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫‪25.0%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0.7‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0.7‬‬ ‫‪0.7 ±2.4‬‬ ‫‪3.2±0.6‬‬ ‫‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫‪10.8%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -2.3‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -2.7‬‬ ‫‪0.6 ±3.3‬‬ ‫‪0.5 ±3.7‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ*‪1,2,3‬‬

‫‪23.0%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0.3‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ±2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ±2.6‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫‪35.7%‬‬ ‫‪2.7 -0‬‬ ‫‪3.0 -0‬‬ ‫‪0.7 ±0.9‬‬ ‫‪0.8 ±1.4‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫‪29.2%‬‬ ‫‪3.3 -0‬‬ ‫‪3.7 -0‬‬ ‫‪0.7 ±1.7‬‬ ‫‪2.4±0.6‬‬ ‫‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻴﻂ‬
‫‪17.2%‬‬ ‫‪3.3 -1.3‬‬ ‫‪3.7 -2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.4±0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.6 ±2.9‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ*‪1,2,3‬‬

‫‪31.6%‬‬ ‫‪3.3 -0‬‬ ‫‪3.7 -0‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ±1.3‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ±1.9‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ ‪ :PLL -‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ‪ :NPLL‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ؛ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎء ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ؛*‪1‬ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪: p>0.05 – 1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ؛ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ؛‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ(؛ *‪.2‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ‪: p>0.05 -‬؛ *‪ NPLL(3‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ )PLL‬ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ – ‪: p>0.05‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻼﻭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ‪ PLL‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ NPLL‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ )‪ (P >0.001‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ )‪ .(P >0.001‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬

‫‪81‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،(3‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﻀﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ .LL‬ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ‪ (Marchetti 2009) %15‬ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪PLL‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ،NPLL‬ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ %69.4 ،‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ %71.4‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺉﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﻟﻢ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪1 ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻤﺎً‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪:‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ .RUL‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ UL‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ،(4‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﻕﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻳﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺃﻱ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪) RUL :‬ﻉ = ‪(0.393‬؛ ‪ ) FSR‬ﻉ = ‪(0.195‬؛ ‪) TLV‬ﻉ = ‪(0.349‬؛ ‪ ) MTL‬ﻉ =‬
‫‪.(0.468‬‬

‫‪82‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‪.4‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺉﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ‪P‬‬

‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ)ﻥ=‪(9‬‬ ‫‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ )ﻥ=‪(66‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ)ﻥ = ‪(82‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‪SD ±‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ)‪(٪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺱ‪SD ±‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ)‪(٪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺱ‪SD ±‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ)‪(٪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪±12.128.2‬‬ ‫‪147.6%‬‬ ‫‪38.0 -0‬‬ ‫‪±16.0115.0‬‬ ‫‪106.7%‬‬ ‫‪61.0 -0‬‬ ‫‪±15.71,224.9‬‬ ‫‪63.1%‬‬ ‫‪62.0 -0‬‬
‫)ﺳﻢ(‬
‫‪FSR‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪±2.0224.7‬‬ ‫‪8%‬‬ ‫‪28.2 -21.7‬‬ ‫‪±7.7121.7‬‬ ‫‪35.5%‬‬ ‫‪34.8 – 13.0-‬‬ ‫‪±7.41,218.3‬‬ ‫‪40.4%‬‬ ‫‪38.5 -0‬‬
‫)ﺳﻢ(‬
‫‪0%‬‬
‫ﺗﻲﺇﻝ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪±0.024.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -4.0‬‬ ‫‪±0.613.8‬‬ ‫‪15.8%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -1.0‬‬ ‫‪±1.41,22.7‬‬ ‫‪51.9%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0‬‬
‫)ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬
‫‪MTL‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪±0.723.6‬‬ ‫‪19.4%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -2.0‬‬ ‫‪±1.013.2‬‬ ‫‪31.3%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0‬‬ ‫‪±1.31,21.7‬‬ ‫‪76.5%‬‬ ‫‪4.0 -0‬‬
‫)ﻧﻘﺎﻁ(‬
‫ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪ :RUL -‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ؛ ‪ :FSR‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ؛ ‪ :TLV‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎً؛ ‪ :MTL‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ؛ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ؛ *‪ :p>0.05‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ‪ :1-‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ؛‪ :2‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪.‬‬

‫‪83‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (4‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﺖﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ Base‬ﻭ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻈُﻬﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫)‪ (%‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ ،RUL‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔﺗﺸﺘﺘﺎً ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ‪ ،TLV‬ﻭﺻﻞ ‪ %69.4‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ )‪ (4‬ﻭﻓﻲ ‪MTL‬‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ‪ %35‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎً‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ (TLV) %48.8‬ﻭ‪ (MTL) %13.4‬ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ؛‬
‫‪ (TLV) %90.9‬ﻭ‪ (MTL) %57.6‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ؛ ‪ (TLV) %100‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ )ﻉ ‪ (001.˂0‬ﻭ‪ MTL 1‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ TLV‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ (‪66.7% )MTL‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ )ﺹ‪.(001.˂0‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪:‬ﻭﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻛﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪1 ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎً ﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‪ .‬ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪.2‬ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ ‪ :P-PLL -‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ‪ :P-NPLL‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ‪ :A-PLL‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ‪ :A-NPLL‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ‪ :MTL‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ؛ ‪ :TLV‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎً؛ ‪:FSR‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ؛ ‪ :RUL‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪84‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ RUL‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ .(2‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ RUL، TLV‬ﻭ‪،MTL‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﻼﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ‪ PLL/NPLL) LL‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻭ‪ PLL/NPLL‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ( ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ .(3‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،LL‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ TLV‬ﻭ‪ ،MTL‬ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ ،RUL‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪.3‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪ :RUL -‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ؛ ‪ :PLL‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛ ‪ :NPLL‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ؛‬
‫‪ :TLV‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎً؛ ‪ :MTL‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ PLL) PLL‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ( ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ )‪P 0˂.001‬؛ ‪ .(F=31.623‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝ ﺭ‪2‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﺮﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ‪ %21.8‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء =‬
‫‪ PLL * 4.884 +45.919‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ؛ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ ،PLL‬ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻭﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ )‪ PLL‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪ PLL ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻭ‪(TLV‬؛ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ )ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪(FRS‬؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪ PLL‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻤﻂ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ‪PLL‬‬
‫‪ Active‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﺰءﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ )‪2p=0.001; F=11.526; R‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ = ‪0.145‬؛‬
‫‪ (y=46.958+4.531*Active PLL‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪2p=0.032; F=7.129; R‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ = ‪0.434‬؛‬
‫‪ (y=51.306+5.938*Active PLL‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟـ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ PLL‬ﻭ ‪) RUL‬ﻉ = ‪ 0.001‬؛ ‪ F = 8.958‬؛ ‪2R‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ = ‪0.295‬؛ ﺹ‬
‫=‪ PLL*5.850+38.412‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ – ‪.(RUL*0.168‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪1 ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ(‪ .‬ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎً ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪85‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻓﺉﺎﺕﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻀﻢ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻫﺆﻻء ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ‪ RG‬ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎءﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎً ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪6.2±31.2‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎً( ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )‪ 6.4±13.9‬ﻭ‪ 6.4±18.5‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎً ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭ‪1‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ(‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻷﻓﻴﻼ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺎﻟﻴﻮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،(2013) .‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬
‫ﻷﺩﺍءﺟﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ‪ ،RG‬ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ‪ 30-25‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‪ 40،‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﻓﻲ ‪ .RG‬ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.9 ±8.2‬ﺳﻨﺔ )ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ(‪ 2.6 ± 6.6 ،‬ﺳﻨﺔ )‪(1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ( ﻭ‪ 3.2 ± 5.6‬ﺳﻨﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪1.5 ± 6.0 :‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ)ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ(‪ 1.9 ± 6.4 ،‬ﺳﻨﺔ )‪(1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ( ﻭ ‪ 2.6 ± 7.2‬ﺳﻨﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ(‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ )‪Law et al. 2007 Poliszczuk and Brod 2010‬‬
‫‪ ،(Georgopoulos et al. 2012,‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺣﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪ RG‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪5‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 6‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻫﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ )ﺇﺭﻳﻜﺴﻮﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪ .(1993‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﻃﻨﻲ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻼ ًﺷﺎﻗﺎ ًﻭﺟﻬﺪﺍ ًﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺭﺍﺉﻊ ﻓﻲ ‪ ،RG‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ًﻭﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎً‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎًﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻏﻢ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﻢﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ )‪ .(Laffranchi 2001‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻏﻤﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ًﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻥ )ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎ ‪ .(1995‬ﺗﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺍًﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍء ‪ RG‬ﻷﻥ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ )‪et al. 2016‬‬
‫‪ .(Sands‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ (‪-Villarino and Sierra-Palmeiro 2013‬‬
‫‪.RG )Douda et al. 2008, Fernandez‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ‪ ،RG‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺑﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ )‪Titov 1999, Stadnik et al. 2010, Volpi da Silva et al. 2008‬‬
‫‪ .(Jastrjembskaia and‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ‪ RG‬ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻤﺎﻛﺠﻴﺠﺎﻥ )‬
‫‪ ،(2014‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺉﻤﺎًﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ LL‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎًﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ )‪ .(Laffranchi 2001, Lebre and Araujo 2006‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺒﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺔﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺑﺤﺴﺐ )ﻻﻓﺮﺍﻧﺸﻲ ‪ ،(2001‬ﺗﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠـ ‪ RG‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪ ،LL‬ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺎً ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬

‫‪86‬‬
 ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ )‪.(Weineck 2003‬‬
‫ﺗﻢﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻮﺱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 2015) .‬ﺏ( ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔﻃﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺨﺒﺔ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺃﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺴﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ‪ NPLL‬ﺑﻤﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ‪ 3‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻮﺱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2015a) .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎً ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍً ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‪.‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ‪ %86.7‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ‪ .NPLL‬ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﺩﺍ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2008) .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ؛ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺃﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺆﻻء ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪ RG‬ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖﺃﺩﺍء ﻋﺎﻝ‪ ٍ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ )‪2000، Zaidi 2011‬‬
‫‪ (Teixeira and Paroli‬ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ )ﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎ ‪(1995‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲﺱ‪،‬ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ‪ LL‬ﻓﻲ ‪ RG‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً ﺣﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ،LL‬ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ %69.4 ،‬ﻭ‪%71.4‬‬
‫ﻣﻦﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﺤﺪ ‪ %15‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ ‪ NPLL‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ)‪.(Marchetti 2009‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ‬

‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪ (%10.8‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡ )‪ ،(%15‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ‪ NPLL‬ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻷﻥ ‪ %33.3‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖﺑﻴﻦ ‪ %16.7‬ﻭ‪.% 41.7‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻻﺣﻘﺎً ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً )‪ .(Lisitskaya 1995‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪ ،RG‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﻒ )‪.(Volpi da Silva et al. 2008‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎ )‪ (1995‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺪﺩﺍﺕﺗﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 2‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ LL‬ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎً‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪87‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻗﺪﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﺓﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ‪ LL‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ )‪(Zaidi 2011‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ )‪and Silva 2008, Teixeira 2001, Teixeira et al. 2003‬‬
‫‪ (Andrade 2012, Cobalchini‬ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ NPLL‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﻴﻜﺴﻴﺮﺍ )‪ (2001‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻩ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻛﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﻊ ‪ .NPLL‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﺪﺍﻓﺎً ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻳﻈُﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ NPLL‬ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻴﻨﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2009).‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻧﺜﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ ﻟﺪﻯ ‪ 52‬ﻻﻋﺒﺎً‬
‫ﺟﻤﺒﺎﺯﺍًﺑﺮﺍﺯﻳﻠﻴﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺣﻈﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻊ ‪ PLL‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑـ‬
‫‪ .NPLL‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺠﻊﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻏﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺴﻢﻻﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ )‪ .(Batista-Santos et al. 2015a‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻖﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ )ﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎ ‪ .(1995‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ‪ LL‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺉﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ )ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎ‪-‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻮﺱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ 2015 .‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺗﻮﺳﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2016) .‬ﺩﺭﺱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ .RG‬ﺗﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻋﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ .٪10‬ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﺎً ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺨﺬ ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎًﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺣﻞ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﺰﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ )‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﺔﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ · ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ 1-‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻤﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 180‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ · ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ (1-‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻑﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺭﻡﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺘﺎﻑ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪ RG‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺿﻴﻖﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )‪ ،(Santos 2011‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﺪﺍً ﻓﻲ (‪ .RG )Palmer 2003‬ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ .RUL‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ‪،‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎًﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫)‪ .(Douda et al. 2008, Radaš and Bobić 2011, Román et al. 2012‬ﻗﺪﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﺎً ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪88‬‬
 ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﺍﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2008) .‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪ 11.5 ± 16.0‬ﺳﻢ(‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪ 12.7 ± 17.3‬ﺳﻢ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺱ ﻭﺑﻮﺑﻴﺘﺶ )‪ (2011‬ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ )‪± 38.6‬‬
‫‪11.5‬ﺳﻢ( ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ )‪ 19.1 ± 75.9‬ﺳﻢ( (‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2012) .‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ )‪ 12.3 ± 58.5‬ﺳﻢ( ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ )‪ 22.4 ± 24.0‬ﺳﻢ(‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ )‪ 16.0 ± 15.0‬ﺳﻢ(‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ)‪ 12.1 ± 8.2‬ﺳﻢ(‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎً ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍً ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪) FRS‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ(‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ )‪ (SAR‬ﻛﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ )‪Miletić et al. 2004, Miletić et al. 2004‬‬
‫‪ .(Douda et al. 2008,‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ SAR‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ ،FRS‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ FRS‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦﻛﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ SAR‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ‪.‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‪ RG‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﻝ ٍﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ )‪ .(Santos 2011‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﺍً )‪.(Sands et al. 2016‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺠﻮﻥﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2015) .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪/‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ (‪ .RG-CoP )FIG 2012‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺑﺄﺩﺍء ﻓﺮﻁ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ )ﻭﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺐﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺯﺍﺉﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﻴﻦ‪،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ٍﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ(‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (r = -0.76‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔﻟﻼﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﻀﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎً ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﻫﺆﻻء ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﻉ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺣﻪ ‪ FIG‬ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ ،(FIG 2016‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ًﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪ RG‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺷﻌﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ TLV‬ﻣﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ MTL‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ‬

‫‪89‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻭﺻﻞﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ 4‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ TLV‬ﻭﺣﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ MTL‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﻝ ٍﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ TLV‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻘﻨﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺟﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ )ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ (4‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺫﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ .MTL‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﻞﻓﻴﻜﻴﻮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2014) .‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ )ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ (MTL‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻒﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ‪ 26.2 ± 115.2‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ‪ 16.6 ± 101.2‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ؛‬
‫ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ‪ 29.3 ± 93.8‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ UL‬ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ )‪.(Campos 2000‬‬

‫ﻛﺮﻳﺘﻴﻜﻮﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ (2017) .‬ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ 46‬ﻻﻋﺐ ﺟﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ )‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1.3 ± 9.9‬ﺳﻨﺔ(‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ )ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ )ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺉﻮﻳﺔ( ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﻴﻦ )‬
‫ﺛﻨﻲﺍﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ )ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻢ‬
‫(‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪(FRS‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‪ PLL) PLL‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ( ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺤﺖ‪ ٪21.8‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‪ .‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‪ ،RG‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺛﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﺩﺍء ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪et al. 2009, Di Cagno et al. 2008‬‬
‫‪.(Cantó‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ Active PLL :‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫)‪ (%14.5‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ )‪(%43.4‬؛ ‪ PLL‬ﻭ ‪ RUL‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ )‪.(%29.5‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻟـ ‪ ،LL‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪ LL‬ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺘﺎﻑ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ‪ .RG‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ (FRS‬ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪" FRS‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎ" ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻷﻥ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻝﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ )‪.(Kritikou et al. 2017‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪،‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ %30.6‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ )‪%28.1‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ؛ ‪ %28.8‬ﻓﻲ ‪(1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭ‪ %66.7‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ( ﻭ‪ %28.7‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ )‪ %22.0‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ؛ ‪ %33.3‬ﻓﻲ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻭ‪ %55.6‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ( ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ‪ %69.4‬ﻭ‪ %71.4‬ﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﺴﺮﺕ ‪ ٪21.8‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺿﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻗﺴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺳﻤﺤﻮﺍﺑﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫ﺃﻧﺪﺭﺍﺩﻱﺟﻲ )‪(2012‬ﻻ ﻳﻔُﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬

‫‪[.‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ] ‪)Assimetria Motora funcional de jovens futebolistas.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪.‬‬

‫‪91‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻣﺢﺍﻷﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ (‪Ávila-Carvalho L، Klentrou P، Palomero ML، Lebre E )2013‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻌﻤﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪.172-180 :(4)28‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﺳﺎﻧﺘﻮﺱ ﺃ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺑﻮ ﺃﺭﺳﻲ ﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﺮ ﺇﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻴﻼ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺎﻟﻬﻮ ﺇﻝ )‪ 2015‬ﺃ( ‪Flexibilidad en‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻐﺎﺭ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺉﻴﻦ[ ‪Gimnasia Rítmica:‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫‪.19-26:(120)2.Física y Deportes‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎ‪-‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻮﺱ ﺃ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻤﻮﺱ ﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﺮ ﺇﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻴﻼ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺎﻟﻮ ﺇﻝ )‪ 2015‬ﺏ( ﻧﺸﻂ ﻭﺳﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪:(2 )7‬‬
‫‪.55-66‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺍﺕﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ (‪Bobo-Arce M, Méndez-Rial B )2013‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﺍﻻﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫(‪8)3(: 711- 717. Boligon L, Deprá PP, Rinaldi I )2015‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‪.145 -141 :(2)37‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔﺑﻴﻦ (‪Bordalo M، Portal M، Cader S، Perrotta N، Neto J، Dantas E )2015‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪.457-463 :(5)55.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻮﺱﻣﺎ )‪(2000‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ .1 .‬ﺭﻳﻮ ﺩﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺮﻳﻨﺖ‪J )2009( .‬‬
‫‪ Canto E, Sánchez A, Sánchez‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻞﺩﻳﺒﻮﺭﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺟﻴﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﺭﻳﺘﻤﻴﻜﺎ‪] .‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻼﻋﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ[‪.‬ﺍﻳﻔﺪﻳﺒﻮﺭﺗﻴﺲ ﺭﻳﻔﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ‪ .13‬ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪-gimnasiaritmica.htm‬‬
‫‪/efd129/valoracion-funcional-del-deportista-en‬‬
‫‪.http://www.efdeportes.com‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟـ (‪Chavett P، Lafortune M، Gray J )1997‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.391-406 :(4)16‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔﺃﻋﻀﺎء ﻻ ﻳﻬﻴﻤﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ (‪Cobalchini R، Silva ER )2008‬‬
‫ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺏﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎﻝ‪] .‬ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎﻝ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻱﺩﻳﺒﻮﺭﺗﻴﺲ‪ .13 ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪-nao-dominante-em-atletas-infantis-de-fute bol.htm‬‬
‫‪.http://www.efdeportes. com/efd125 /treinabilidade-do-membro-inferior‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯﺩﻱ (‪Del Vecchio FB، Primeira M، Silva HC، Dall'Agnol C، Galliano LM )2014‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪] .‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ[‪Ciência e Movimento..‬‬
‫‪.5-13 :(3 )22Revista Brasileira de‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ (‪Di Cagno A، Baldari C، Battaglia C، Guidetti L، Piazza M )2008‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻧﺨﺒﺔ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺔ‬
‫‪.29-36 :(1)113‬‬
‫ﺩﻱﻛﺎﺟﻨﻮ ﺃ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗﺎﺟﻠﻴﺎ ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻧﺘﻴﺮﻭ ﺇﻡ ﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻻﺭﺩﻭ ﺃ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﺯﺍ ﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﺟﻴﺪﻳﺘﻲ ﺇﻝ‬
‫)‪ (2009‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺓ – ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪.411-416 :(3)12‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ (‪Douda H، Toubekis A، Avloniti A، Tokmakidis S )2008‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺍﺕﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ‪)3‬‬
‫‪.41-54 :(1‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ (‪Ericsson KA، Krampe RT، Tesch-Römer C )1993‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍء‪.‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪.363-406 :(3)100‬‬

‫‪92‬‬
 ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪2019‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻧﺎﻧﺪﻳﺰ‪-‬ﻓﻴﻼﺭﻳﻨﻮ ‪ ،MMB-A‬ﺳﻴﻴﺮﺍ‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺮﻭ ﺇﻱ )‪ (2013‬ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻳﻘﺎﻉ‬

‫ﺣﻜﺎﻡﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.243-249 :39‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (2012‬ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ .2016-2013 :‬ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/page/view?id=472‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪ (2016‬ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ .2020-2016 :‬ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/rules/rules.php.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ (‪Frutuoso A، Diefenthaeler F، Vaz M، Freitas C )2016‬‬
‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ ‪.34-43 :(1)11‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺭﺟﻮﺑﻮﻟﻮﺱﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﺛﻴﻮﺩﻭﺭﻭﺑﻮﻟﻮ ﺃ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺗﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺇﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻴﻜﻮﺭﺍﺱ ﺃ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻮﻧﺎﺱ ﺑﻲ‪،‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻻﻋﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ (‪، Markou K )2012‬‬
‫‪GA، Koukkou E، Armeni AK، Sakellaropoulos G، Leglise M، Vagenakis AG‬‬
‫‪Vagenakis‬ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪.61-69 :(1)11‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺳﺘﺮﺟﻴﻤﺒﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺘﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻱ )‪(1999‬ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﻞ‪.‬ﺷﺎﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪. EUA:‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻨﺘﺮﻭﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺭﺑﻮﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻜﺴﺎﻧﺪﺭﻭﻓﺎ ﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﻚ ﺇﺗﺶ )‪(2010‬ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﺯﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮﺍ‪:‬ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂﺑﺎﻟﻔﻦ (‪Kritikou M، Donti D، Bogdanis G، Donti A، Theodorakou K )2017‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻫﻘﺔ‪.‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪(2)9‬‬
‫‪. 165-177:‬‬
‫ﻻﻓﺮﺍﻧﺸﻲﺏ )‪(2001‬ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪ Desportivo‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪] .Ginástica Rítmica‬ﺭﻳﺎﺿﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ[‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻧﺪﺭﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﺎ‪.UNOPAR :‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ (‪Law MP, Côté J, Ericsson KA )2007‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪:‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺄﺛﺮ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ‪.82-103 :(1)5‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺒﺮﺇﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻭﺟﻮ ﺳﻲ )‪(2006‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﻱ ‪].Ginástica Rítmica‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﺔﺑﺪﻧﻴﺔ[‪ .‬ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ ﺇﺩﻳﺘﻮﺭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﺴﻜﺎﻳﺎﺗﻲ )‪(1995‬ﺟﻴﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﺭﻳﺘﻤﻴﻜﺎ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ[‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺣﻴﻞ &‬
‫ﺗﺮﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺷﻠﻮﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻭﺗﺮﻳﺒﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻴﺘﻲﺑﻲ ﺇﺗﺶ )‪(2009‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‪] .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ[‪).‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﻟﻮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﻟﻮ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯﻳﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻴﻨﺰ ﺇﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺠﻨﻮﺭﻳﺘﻲﺃ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻔﻴﺮﺍ ﺇﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﺟﻲ )‪(2009‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞﺭﺑﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻴﻨﺎﺳﺘﺎﺱ ﺭﻳﺘﻤﻴﻜﺎﺱ ﺩﺍ ﺳﻴﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻱ ﻧﺎﺗﺎﻝ‪] .RN/‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞﺍﻟﻮﺭﻙ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺎﻝ‪.[RN/‬ﺧﺎﺹ ‪Ciência & Saúde،‬‬
‫‪.Revista de‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻛﺠﻴﺠﺎﻥﻡ )‪ (2014‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺩ ﺟﻮﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩ ﻟﻮﻳﻨﺪﻭﻥ )ﻣﺤﺮﺭﺍﻥ(ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪R، Maleš B )2004( .‬‬
‫‪ Miletić D، Katić‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﺉﻴﻦﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺠﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﻜﻮﻡﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
‫‪7‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ (‪28)2(: 727-737. Miletić D، Sekulic D، Wolf-Cvitak J )2004‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪.35-43 :(1)36‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺇﺗﺶ ﺳﻲ )‪(2003‬ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ .1 .‬ﺷﺎﻣﺒﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻴﻨﻮﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻼﺗﺲ ﻭ (‪Polat S, Günay M )2016‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬

‫‪93‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ…‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ،6.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪.69 -61 :(4)4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ (‪Poliszczuk T، Brod D )2010‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻲ ﻳﻤﺎﺭﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﻃﺐ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺉﻲ‪.94-99 :(2)16.‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒﻓﻲ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﻓﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺭﺑﻴﻦ (‪Radaš J، Bobic T )2011‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪.64-73 :(1)43‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻥﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻮ ﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻦ ﺟﻲ )‪ (2012‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻴﺔ[‪.‬ﺭﻳﺘﻮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺉﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‪.58-62 :21‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 11‬ﻭ ‪ 12‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً (‪Rutkauskaitė R، Skarbalius A )2009‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﻴﻦﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﺳﺒﻮﺭﺗﺎﺱ‪.107-115 :(72)1‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺃﺩﺍء ‪Rutkauskaitė R، Skarbalius A )2011( 14-13‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﻮﻥﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬ﺳﺒﻮﺭﺗﺎﺱ‪.29-36 :(82)3‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪﺯﺩﺑﻠﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﻨﻴﻞ ﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻴﺘﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺇﺱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﻝ‪ ،‬ﺟﻴﻤﻨﻲ ﺇﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﻭﻏﻮﺗﺸﻲ ﺇﺱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺇﻡ‬
‫)‪ (2016‬ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻣﻴﺪ‪.315-327 :(3)46.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻮﺱﺃﺏ )‪(2011‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫‪[.‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺉﻴﻦ‬
‫] ‪)Juniores portuguesas.‬ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ (‪Stadnik AM، Ulbricht L، Perin A، Ripka WL )2010‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪] .Ginástica Rítmica‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍءﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻱﺩﻳﺒﻮﺭﺗﻴﺲ‪ .15 ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪-de-meninas-praticantes-de-ginasticaritmica.htm‬‬
‫‪.http://www.efdeportes.com/efd145/avaliacao‬‬

‫ﺗﻴﻜﺴﻴﺮﺍﻻ )‪ (2001‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬

‫‪[relacionadas ao Futebol‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﺍء ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ] ‪de desempenho e Transferência intertral de aprendizagem‬‬
‫‪ .69-79 ،Lateralidade e comportamento motor: assimetrias Laterais‬ﺳﺎﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻭﻟﻮ‪:‬ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺉﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﺎﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫‪Teixeira LA, Paroli R )2000( Assimetrias Laterais em Ações Motoras: Preferência Versus‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﻴﻨﻬﻮ‪].‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء[‪.‬ﻣﻮﺗﺮﻳﺰ‪(1)6‬‬
‫‪.1-8:‬‬
‫‪:‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻭﻏﺔ (‪Teixeira LA، Silva MV، Carvalho M )2003‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ‪.53-65 :(1)8‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻟﺒﻲﺩﺍ ﺳﻴﻠﻔﺎ ﺇﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺰ ﺇﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎ ﺇﻡ ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﻣﻴﺰ ﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺗﺴﻮﺷﻴﺠﻮ ﻛﻴﻪ )‪(2008‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪].‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ[‪-59 :(1)7Revista Mackenzie de Educação Física e Esporte.‬‬
‫‪.68‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﻴﻚﺟﻲ )‪(2003‬ﺗﺮﻳﻨﺎﻣﻨﺘﻮ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ .9 .‬ﺳﺎﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﻟﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺪﻱ (‪ ZF )2011‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻷﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.2157-2191 :(9 )5‬‬

‫‪94‬‬