LIGHT

DEPENDENT
RESISTOR
 DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL L.L.C.

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the work in this project is the bonafide work of

Master/Miss_________________________ of
Class______ Div._______ Roll No.________
Recorded in the school laboratory during the academic
year of 2018-2019

Date: _______________

………………… ………………….
Teacher in charge External Examiner
 INDEX

SNO TOPIC
1 Acknowledgement
2 Introduction
3 Applications
4 Aim
5 Apparatus
6 Observations
7 Procedure
8 Conclusions
9 Bibliography
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
physics teacher Shafee Sir as well as our physics lab
teachers who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic of LDR, which helped me
gain invaluable knowledge.

I would also like to thank my parents and friends who

helped me in finalizing this project and completing it within
the limited time frame while supporting me and
encouraging me throughout the same.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my school for
providing me the relevant equipment required to complete
this project.
 INTRODUCTION
Many times street lights and aquarium lights (lights mean to
glow in the dark) glow in day time. In mines area people
face many difficulties due to absence of light in the nights
because of wastage of electricity
during the day. In frontier and hilly
areas, people face many problems
due to overused street lights.

To solve these problems, a LDRs (Light

Dependent Resistors) exist in which
the lights glow in night and in day
time, they turn off automatically and don't glow. With the
use of it, we can solve all the above problems and can also
save electricity and man power.

The general purpose of this photoconductive cell which is a

type semiconductor is that it changes its conductivity in
proportion to change in the intensity
of light. There are two common types
of materials used to manufacture the
LDRs. They are Cadmium Sulphide
(CdS) and CadmiumSelenide(CdSe).

Extrinsic devices have impurities

added, which have a ground state energy closer to the
conduction band – since the electrons don't have to jump
as far, lower energy photons (i.e. longer wavelengths and
lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device.
 APPLICATIONS
1. Security System Controlled by an electronic eye

The security system controlled by an electronic eye project

is based on photo sensing arrangement. The proposed
system uses a 14-stage ripple carry binary counter to sense
the intensity of light using LDR. The o/p makes a relay and
buzzer for the required action. This
project is very useful to deter burglars
from shopping malls, banks and
jewellery shops, etc.

2. LDR Based light Intensity control for street lights

Generally, the lighting up of highways is done through HID

lamps. Because, the energy consumption of these lamps is
high. This project uses an LEDs to overcome the drawbacks
of HID lamps. This project demonstrates the usage of light
emitting diodes as a light source. These lights consume low
power and its life is more as compared to HID lamps. A light
depending resistor is used to detect the light. The resistance
of the LDR drastically reduces according to the daylight.

3. LDR in tube amps

They are also used in some dynamic compressors together

with a small incandescent or neon lamp, or light-emitting
diode to control gain reduction. A common usage of this
application can be found in many guitar amplifiers that
incorporate an onboard tremolo effect, as the oscillating
light patterns control the level of signal running through the
amp circuit

4. Camera shutter control

LDRs can be used to control the shutter speed on a

camera. The LDR would be used to
measure the light intensity which
then adjusts the camera shutter
speed to the appropriate level.
 AIM:
1. Understand the functionality of Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR)
2. Use LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) to study the
variation of resistance with relation to medium of light
3. Use LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) to study the
variation of resistance with relation to power
4. Use LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) to study the
variation of resistance with relation to voltage
5. Use LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) to study the
variation of resistance with relation to length from
power source

APPARATUS:
1. LDR (Light Dependent Resistors)
2. Lamps with different voltages
3. Connecting wires
4. Voltmeter
5. Power supply
6. Multimeter
 OBSERVATIONS

1. Variation of resistance of LDR with the availability of light

S.No Source of light Resistance (KΩ)

1 NO LIGHT 6.4

2 SUN LIGHT 1.102

3 LAMP 0.076
GRAPH
2. Variation of resistance of the LDR with power of the source
keeping the distance between the bulb and source
constant

S.No Power (Watt) Resistance (K Ω)

1 25 1.16

2 40 0.96

3 100 0.68
GRAPH
3. Variation of resistance with distance from the source
keeping the power of the lamp constant

S.No Distance (cm) Resistance (K Ω)

1 10 0.686

2 20 1.080

3 30 1.592

4 40 2.313

GRAPH
 PROCEDURE
1. VARIANTION OF LIGHT SOURCE

• Cover the device with your thumb for 2-3 minutes in

such a way that it is not exposed to any light. Connect
it with the multi meter and note its resistance.

• Expose the LDR to day light 2-3 minutes. Connect it with

the multi meter and note its resistance.

• Expose the LDR to a lamp of any power for 2-3 minutes.

Connect it with the multi meter and observe its
resistance.

2. VARIANTION IN POWER

• Expose the LDR to a lamp of 25W power at a distance

of 10 cm for 2-3 minutes. Then connect it immediately
to the multi meter and note its resistance.

• Expose the LDR to a lamp of 40W power at a distance

of 10 cm for 2-3 minutes. Then connect it immediately
to the multi meter and note its resistance.

• Expose the LDR to a lamp of 100W power at a distance

of 10 cm for 2-3 minutes. Then connect it immediately
to the multi meter and note its resistance.
3. VARIATION IN DISTANCE

• Expose the LDR to a lamp of constant power for the

distances 10, 15, 20. 25, 30 cm respectively for 2-3
minutes.

• Connect it with the multi meter and observe its

resistance.
 CONCLUSIONS
1. Resistance of the LDR decreases with increase in the
intensity of light and hence there is an increase in the
current flow.

2. The resistance of LDR decreases with increase in the

power of the lamp keeping the distance between the bulb
and the source constant.

3. Resistance of LDR increases as the distance from the

source increases keeping power of the lamp constant.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://www.edgefxkits.com/blog/light-dependent-
resistor-ldr-with-applications/
2.https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2013/04/automatic-
street-light-control.html
3.http://www.google.com/