JUSTO, Mark Joven Justo NSCI 113L

BSAE/2/AETIANS Ms. Marcia S. Tatoy

LABORATORY ACTIVITY : STOICHIOMETRY

Objective:

To determine the experimental quantity of sodium chloride produced by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium
bicarbonate based on the following chemical equation:

NaHCO + HCl  NaCl + CO + H O

3 2 2

Materials:
 Test tube
 Test tube rack
 Pippette
 Crucible tongs
 Alcohol lamp
 Match
 Triple beam balance
 Beaker
 Dropper
 Rubber suction

Procedures:
1. Obtain 3 clean dry test tubes. Record the mass of each test tube.
2. Add to each test tube just enough baking soda (NaHCO ) to fill the curved bottom.
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3. Get the mass of the test tubes with the baking soda and record the masses in the data table.
4. Determine the mass of the baking soda. If necessary, adjust the mass of the baking soda so that it is greater than
0.25 g but not more than 0.50 g.
5. Add 3 M HCl, one drop at a time, to the first test tube. You may start quickly but you do not want to add too much
HCl this will affect your results very negatively. Then listen, watch, feel, and describe the reaction. Gently agitate
the test tube after each drop until the reaction stops. Continue to add drops until there is no evidence of any
further reaction.
6. Repeat step 5 for the other test tubes.
7. Evaporate off the fluid in each test tube by gently heating above an alcohol burner flame, slowly swirling in and
out of the heat. Do not allow it to get too hot liquid will shoot out of the test tube and the product will be lost.
Proceed until dry.
8. Repeat step 7 for the other test tubes.
9. Allow all of the test tubes to cool to room temperature.
10. Record the mass of the test tube and product and calculate the mass of the product (NaCl).
11. Clean up the lab station.

Data:

Test tube #1 Test tube Test tube #3

#2
Mass of test tube 15.20 g 11.60 g 14.20 g
Mass of test tube and NaHCO 3 15.70 g 12.00 g 14.50 g
Mass of NaHCO 3 0.50 g 0.40 g 0.30 g
Mass of test tube and 15.50 g 11.75 g 14.37 g
product

Mass of product (NaCl) 0.30 g 0.25 g 0.17 g

Illustration:

Discussion:

1. Assuming the HCl is the excess reagent, use the mass of NaHCO to calculate the theoretical yield of NaCl in
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each trial.
1 mol NaHCO 3 1 mol NaCl 55.5 g NaCl
Trial 1: 0.50 NaHCO 3 x x x =0.33g NaCl
84.01 gNaHCO 3 1molNaHCO 3 1 mol NaCl

1 mol NaHCO3 1 mol NaCl 55.5 g NaCl

Trial 2: 0.40 NaHCO3 x x x =0.26g NaCl
84.01 gNaHCO 3 1molNaHCO 3 1 mol NaCl

1 mol NaHCO 3 1 mol NaCl 55.5 g NaCl

Trial 3: 0.30 NaHCO 3 x x x =0.20g NaCl
84.01 gNaHCO 3 1molNaHCO 3 1 mol NaCl

2. Calculate the percent yield of NaCl for each trial.

0.30 g
% yield of trial1= x 100% = 90.90%
0.33 g NaCl

0.25 g
% yield of trial 2= x 100% = 96.15%
0.26 g NaCl

0.17 g
% yield of trial 3= x 100% = 85%
0.20 g NaCl

3. What explanation could be given if you get a % yield greater than 100%?
In chemistry, a percentage yield greater than 100% is not physically possible. Recording that percentage yield
may imply that more product was produced than what is specified. It is theoretically possible. Some explanations
may include experimental mistakes in measuring.

4. What evidence could you give that a reaction took place?

In this experiment, I could tell that a reaction occurred simply by looking at the chemical equation, which showed
that when the reactants reacted, a product of water and carbon dioxide was created, implying a combustion
process. When drips of hydrochloric acid came into touch with the baking soda in the test tube, bubbles
developed, and when the acid and baking soda mixture was placed on top of the fire, it too generated bubbles
and boiled until it transformed from liquid to solid form.

5. Write out the word equation for this reaction.

A combustion reaction between 1 mole of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 1 mole of Baking soda (NaHCO 3) produces
1 moles of Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water (H2O) and Salt (NaCl)

6. In trial 1, what volume of gas (CO ) should have been produced in this reaction (STP)?
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1 mol NaHCO 3 1 mol CO 2 44.01 g CO 2

0.50 NaHCO 3 x x x =0.26g CO 2
84.01 gNaHCO 3 1molNaHCO 3 1 mol CO 2

0.26 g
Mol CO 2=¿ = 0.00590 mol CO2
44.01 g /mol

22.4 LCO 2
0.00590 mol CO2 x = 0.132L CO2
1mol CO 2
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