21st CENTURY REVIEWER NOTE: How does literary non-fiction
differs from fiction?
 Literature - It is the mirror of society
which reflects societal norms, culture,
tradition, experiences etc.
The term derives from Latin word:
litteratura which means, writings,
litteratus means learning
or litera which means letter.
**Philippine Literature existed even
during Pre-Colonial Period.
 Pre-colonial Period- Existed before
Spanish occupation in the 1500 and is
oral in nature and is full of ideas about
life, its blessings from birth to grave.
- This is the period wherein chants,
proverbs, songs, and folk narratives
first emerged.
 Colonial Period
It is a period in the history of Philippine
literature where the Spanish, American, and
Japanese
come to our country.
 Spanish Period
-This is a period where an emphasis on
morality and religion was common in literary
forms such as Corrido, Pasyon, and Cenaculo.
-During this era, there were many recreational
plays performed by Filipinos such as
Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, and Zarzuela.
 American Period
English as a medium of instruction was
introduced in the schools as intellectual
language of education during this period.
FOUR MAJOR GENRES OF
LITERATURE
1. Poetry
2. Drama
3. Fiction
4. Non-Fiction
- The story elements are based on real-
life, not imaginary
 Poetry
-is an imaginative awareness of
experience expressed through meaning,
sound and rhythmic language choices to
evoke an emotional response.
It has been known to employ meter and
rhyme.
-It is a genre of literature that uses
rhythmic and aesthetic of language to
evoke meaning.
- Example
“Listen my children and you shall
hear, Of the midnight ride of Paul
Revere”
NOTE: Rhyme Scheme, Rhythm,
and Stanzas can be found in a poem.
 Quatrain
- It refers to a four-line poem.
 Folktale. It is characteristically
anonymous, timeless and placeless tale
circulated orally among people.
 Fable is a short story that cater the
children native Filipinos. These stories
use animals as character that represent a
particular value or character.
 Drama is a composition in prose or
verse presenting in dialogue or
pantomime story involving conflict or
more contrast of character, especially on
intended to be acted on a stage: a play.
It may be any situation or series of
events having vivid, emotional,
conflicting or striking interest.
-It is performed before an audience in a
theatre, radio, or television.
 Proverbs are statements that are
considered as wise, usually given by
parents or elders of the community.
  Imagery is an an element in poetry that
refers to the image or picture created in
the minds of readers that helps give light
to the main idea.
 Love Songs
- Also known as Courtship songs that are
used by young men to capture the heart
of the girl that they love.
 Legends
These stories usually come with a moral
lesson that give credit to supernatural
powers, supernatural occurences and out-
of-this-world native imagination.
 Riddles
Statement that contain superficial words,
but they function figuratively and are in
the form of questions.
 Alibata
It is the first Filipino Alphabet.
 Rhythm
- Last words or sounds match each other.
 Haiku
- In Japanese poetry, it is a seventeen-
syllable poem of three lines arranged in
lines of five-seven- five.
Fiction
-It refers to book and stories about imaginary
people and events.
Examples:
- legends,
- folktales,
- short stories, and
- any novels
Non- Fiction
-It is about real events and facts, rather than
stories that have been invented.
 Science Fiction
-It is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with
imaginative concepts such as futuristic science
and technology, space travel, time travel, a
parallel universe and extraterrestrial life.
- -Ma’am Gab
 Digi-Fiction
-A literary genre which combines three media:
book, movie/video and internet website.
-“39 Clues” book series by Scholastic, where
stories are told using the combination of book,
video, and website, is an example of Digi-
Fiction.
 Doodle Fiction
- A Literary presentation where the author
incorporates doodle writing and drawings and
handwritten graphics in place of the traditional
font Spanish Period .
 Text-Talk Novel
- Stories told almost entirely in dialogue,
simulating social network exchanges
 Chick Lit
-It is a genre fiction which addresses issues of
modern womanhood, often humorously and
lightheartedly.
Blog
-It is a website that contains short articles
posted and changed regularly.
Hyper Poetry
Digital literature that uses links and includes
parts that move or mutate.
Manga
It is a comic book or book series published in
Japan.
Flash Fiction
Stories characterized by their brevity. It could
range from a word to a thousand.
Graphic Novel
Narrative work in which a story is told using a
comic form.
EXAMPLE OF LITERARY WORKS
 Legend: Maria Makiling
 Myth: The Story of Bathala
 Fable: Ang Kuneho at ang Pagong
 Folk Song: Leron Leron Sinta
 Epic: Darangen
Break a leg! You can do it.