MODULE 15-16

Monday, October 16, 2023 8:53 PM

PARTS/ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

• Environmental philosophy is a branch of

philosophy that is concerned with the natural
environment and human place

Areas of environmental philosophy

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS - is the part of environmental philosophy

which consider extending the traditional boundaries of ethics solely
including humans to including the non-humans

ENVIRONMENTAL EASTHETICS - its subject matter the aesthetics

experience of the world. It focuses on questions concerning appreciation
of the world at large.

ECOFEMINISM - is an area of environmental philosophy that links

feminism with ecology. I seek to eradicate all forms of social injustice,
not just in injustice in women and the environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL HERMENEUTICS - is an area of environmental

philosophy that applies the techniques and resources of the philosophy
field of hermeneutics to environmental issue.

ENVIRONMENTAL THEOLOGY - is an area of environmental philosophy

that focuses on the understanding of god's relationship to the cosmos or
creation.

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 MODULE 17
Monday, October 16, 2023 9:11 PM

REFLECTING ON ENVIRONMENTAL RELLATER WORLD VIEW

ECOCENTRISM - is a world view which puts forward the value of

ecosystem (both living or non-living components ).

BIOCENTRISM - is a world-view that upholds that all living brings have

inherent value and humans are not superior to other. Advocate the
preservation of biodiversity, animal rights, and environmental
protection.

ANTHROPOCENTRISM - is a world-view that puts that human being at

the center stage and hence, nature and ecosystems are sources of
resources for human use. It believes that human beings are the most
important entity in the universe.

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 MODULE 18
Monday, October 16, 2023 9:23 PM

EXAMING PHILIPINNES ENVIRONMETAL LAWS

SEC. 16 ART II, 1987 Philippines Constitution

This provision mandates that the state shall protect and advance the
right of the people to a balance healthful ecology in accord with the
rhythm and harmony of nature.

Republic act No. 9003 ( Ecological solid waste management act of 200)
This law provides that is the policy of the state to adopt a systematic.
Comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program.

Republic act No.9275 (Philippines clean water act of 2004)

This law provides that the state shall pursue a policy of economic
growth in a manner consistent with the protection, preservation and
revival of the quality of our fresh brackish marine waters

Republic act No.8749 (Philippines clean air act of 1999)

This law provides that the state shall pursue a policy of balancing
development and environmental project

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 MODULE 19
Monday, October 16, 2023 9:35 PM

REFLECTING ON MAN SOCIAL BEING

MAN AS A SOCIAL BEING - the human being is a social being.

He/she is always with his/her fellow human beings. Thus , it is
said that no human being is an island. According to
CONFUCIUS, man is always aware of the presence of other
people in his life

HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP CAPTURE BY THE TRHREE SOCIAL CONTRACT

1. THOMAS HOBBES
2. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
3. JOHN LOCKE

• THOMAS HOBBES - conceive of a pre-society state of nature in which

strife and killing was the rule, and man's life was poor, solitary, nasty,
brutish and short.
• JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU - assert that society is a product of a
contract naturally made between human rights. Moreover, ROUSSEAU
states of nature was free world in which unlimited human bliss did not
at first motivate man too think in terms of contract
• JOHN LOCKE - claim the pre-contract state of society was the state of
nature in which peace and harmony prevailed and every man was born
free.

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 MODUDE 20
Monday, October 16, 2023 9:53 PM

EXAMING THE TYPES OF SOCIETY

According to ARISTOTLE, man is a social being, means, that human

being are naturally directed into forming groups because of their need
for subsistence

PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
• This pre-industrial society is characterized by having limited forms
of production , limited division of labor and limited social
stratification
It has three kinds
1. HUNTING AND GATHERING - which is the largest running type of
society- it occupies 90% of human history
2. HORTICULTUR AND PATORAL SOCIETY - which is characterized by
domestication of animals and cultivation of plants
3. AGRANAN SOCIETY - which is characterized by development of new
material and methods for cultivating plans and animals.

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
• Industrial society fallowed the pre -industrial society . This society
provide more and better opportunities. In this society, technologies
were developed that harnessed new form of energy field. Free public
education was stablished which scaled literacy. The ease of speed
and travel and communication dramatically increased
POST-INDUCTRIAL SOCIETY
• Post-industrial society fallowed the industrial society, it is
characterized by its orientation towards knowledge and service
education and technology become very important in this society.
Human relationship are now mostly mediated by computers.

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 MODULE 22
Monday, October 16, 2023 10:15 PM

EXPLORING SOCIAL INSTITUATIONS

• Social institutions are the establishment in society that make

the society function

FAMILY - the oldest and the basic social institution is family. The
family ,aside from performing the reproductive of procreation
function, provides for the biological and psychological need of its
members cares for the sick and old member , and safeguards
inheritance, property and economic gains of its member

CHURCH - refers to an assembly of people bound together by

profession of the same faith, worshipping together committed to the
practice of a set of rites and rituals under the rule of a legitimate
leader.

SCHOOL - is a social institution that is responsible in inculcating

knowledge and developing the skill of the young members of society.

STATES - is an independent, self-sufficient society which is

politically organized under a government and directed by an
authority. The state is a natural society immediately resulting from
union of the individual and families interested in the attainment of
common good or purpose in life.

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 MODULE 23
Monday, October 16, 2023 10:30 PM

ARTICULATING THE PHILOSOPHY CONFUCIUS

The human being is social being. He/she is always with her

fellow human being. It is said that no human being is an
island. This idea capture by the Chinese philosopher
CONFUCIUS in hid principle of REN/JEN, according to him ,
signifies our awareness of the presence of their people in our
lives. WE ARE ALWAYS CNSCIOUS OF THE PRESENCE OTHER
HUMAN BEINGS.

REN/JEN
• PRINCIPLE OF MORAL ACTION - This ,means that the
origin of our action must always be our fellowmen.
• PRINCIPLE OF MORAL JUSTICATION - the rightness or
the wrongness of our actions is to be judge whether it
hurt or it promotes other person.

FILIAL PEITY
• Is the virtue of exhibiting the proper love and respect
for ones parents, elder, and ancestor, particularly
within the context of Confucian, Chinese Buddhist, and
Daoist ethics

LIVE IN A SOCIETY
• Being member of society , the human has task or
responsibilities . There duties or responsibilities of the
human being is the society are found in his/or her
social name .
SOCIAL NAME
• FATHER
• SON
• TEACHER
• HUSBOND and so on.

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 MODULE 24
Monday, October 16, 2023 10:56 PM

EXPLORING THE PHILOSOPHY EMMANURL

LEVINAS

• It said that one can never love other person if he/she

does not know how to love his or her own self. The
Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas.

• According to Emmanuel L. we human being do not

really know how to love ourselves for the simple
reason that we do not know really that is too much
and what is too little for ourselves.

• Emmanuel L, claims that we will learn how to love

ourselves only if we have learned how to love other
people.

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MODULE 25
Monday, October 16, 2023 11:04 PM

UNDERTANDING DEATH

• Death is viewed differently by different field and

individuals.

LEGAL-MEICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Death is the irreversible cessation of circulatory and
respiratory fiction or the irreversible cessation of all
faction of the entire brain, including the brain stem.

RELIGIOUD PERSPECTIVE
• Is the transition a shift from earthly life to life

EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
• Is the transition from 'being to 'non-being' that
terminates all the possibilities of a temporal beings

BUDDHIST'S PERSPECTIVE
• Is the cessation of the connection between our mind
and our body.

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 MODULE 26
Monday, October 16, 2023 11:15 PM

REFLECTING ON DEATH; MARTIN HEIDGGER (PART

1)

• According to MARTIN HEIDEGGER, man is what makes

of self. As such, he has overflowing potentialities and
possibilities which are not merely given to and enforced
by the world to him but are to be decided, pursued ,
actualized by him

• According to HEIDEGGER, one of the many possibilities

of man death. Death is a possibility because, like all other
possibilities , it's happening lies in the future

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MODULE 27
Monday, October 16, 2023 11:22 PM

MARTIN HEIDEGGER (PART 2)

• According to MARTIN HEIDEGGER, death is an

own-most experience. Man does not experience
death but witness the death of other people.

DEATH Is also NON-RATIONAL. MAN is being in the

world , he is related or connected in one way or another,
with other people. In death however, man becomes
totally alone.
DEATH is NON-REPRESENTABLE. It is non-representable
because an individual can never represent another
individual in the latter's death

• According to HEIDEGGER, death is a possibility

that will surely come. It is a 'not yet' that will
surely befall us Death.

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