Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY

College of Education
Graduate School Program
University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, 8710

June 30, 2023

Student: VICTORIANO A. GAPAS JR.

Instructor: DR. RAUL ORONGAN
Program: Master of Arts in Language Education (English)
Subject: Statistical Methods in Educational Research (EDUC254)

PROBLEM SET 2
ONE-SAMPLE TEST
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Use the six steps hypothesis test in analysing the ff problems.
2. Submit the summarized result and the outputs after analysis. (TURN IN THE
GOOGLE CLASS IN PDF)

PART I: EXERCISES
ONE-SAMPLE TEST
1. The water pollution readings at CERTAIN Beach seem to be lower than last year.
A sample of 12 readings was randomly selected from the records of this year’s
daily reading:
2.2 2.5 2.5 3.7 3.3 3.3 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.8 1.9 4.5
Does this sample provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean of this
year’s pollution reading is significantly lower than last year’s mean of 3.2 at the
0.05 level? Assume that all such reading have normal distribution.

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Water Pollution Reading
IV: Beach

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The mean of water pollution reading is equal to 3.2
HA: The mean of water pollution reading is significantly greater than 3.2

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
 D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
Water Standard Standard T-value P-value
Pollution Mean Deviation
reading
3.2333 .81278 .142 .890

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p-value .890 is greater than our significance threshold (P> 0.05), then
accept the null hypothesis. The mean of water pollution reading is equal to 3.2

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Std. Error

Deviation Mean
WPR 12 3.2333 .81278 .23463

Test Value = 3.2

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval
tailed) Difference of the Difference
Lower Upper
WPR .142 11 .890 .03333 -.4831 .5497

2. Suppose that as a military psychologist you know that the population of sonar
operators has a mean identification rat of 85 targets out of 100. You have just
developed a new sonar training system that, you claim, will increase the number
of targets correctly identified. Using the data from the 16 trainees listed below
conduct a single sample t test to determine whether they perform significantly
better than the population of sonar operators trained using the traditional method.
Number of targets correctly identified

85 84 93 94 70 94 42 92 94 99 91 95 80
69 85 85
 A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.
DV: Number of targets correctly identified
IV: population of sonar operators

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: There is no significant difference in the number of targets correctly
identified
HA: There is a significant difference in the number of targets correctly
identified.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
Number of Standard Standard T-value P-value
targets Mean Deviation
correctly
identified. 84.5000 14.23610 -.140 .890

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value .890 is greater than our significance threshold (P>
0.05), then accept the null hypothesis. There is no significant difference in the
number of targets correctly identified.

One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
NTC 84.500
16 14.23610 3.55903
O 0

Test Value = 85
t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval
tailed) Difference of the Difference
Lower Upper
NTC
-.140 15 .890 -.50000 -8.0859 7.0859
O

3. A professor wants to know if her introductory statistics class has a good

grasp of basic math. Six students are chosen at random from the class and
given a math proficiency test. The professor wants the class to be able to
score above 80 on the test. The 10 students get scores of 93, 74, 86, 89,
78, 89, 61, 71, 83, and 78. Can the professor have 95 percent confidence
that the mean score for the class on the test would be above 90?
A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.
DV: Test Scores
IV: Math Proficiency Test

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The mean test scores of students proficiency test is equal to 90
HA: The mean test scores of student’s proficiency test is significantly greater
than 90

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
Scores in Standard Standard T-value P-value
math Mean Deviation
proficiency
test 80.2000 9.78434 -3.167 .011

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p-value .011 is greater than our significance threshold (P>
0.05), then accept the null hypothesis. The mean proficiency test scores of
students is equal to 90.
 One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
SMP 80.200
10 9.78434 3.09408
T 0
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 90
t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval
tailed) Difference of the Difference
Lower Upper
SMP
-3.167 9 .011 -9.80000 -16.7993 -2.8007
T

4. It has been suggested that abnormal male children tend to occur more in
children born to older – than average parents. Case histories of 20 abnormal
males were obtained, and the ages of 20 mothers were:

28 42 29 26 22 25 27 28 29 31
31 27 35 33 39 38 37 35 31 29

The mean age at which mothers in the general population give birth is 35.0
years. Does the sample give sufficient evidence to support the claim that
abnormal male children have older-than average mother? Use α-0.05.
Assume ages have a normal distribution
A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.
DV: ages of mothers
IV: Abnormal male children

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: mean age of mothers is equal to 35
HA: The mean age of mothers is significantly greater than 35

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
 E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
Aages of Standard Standard T-value P-value
the Mean Deviation
mothers
31.1000 5.17992 -3.367 .003

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p-value is .003 is less than our significance threshold (P>
0.05), then reject the null hypothesis. There is a significant difference in the
mean age at which mothers in the general population give birth is 35.0 years

One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
AMCA 31.100
20 5.17992 1.15827
M 0

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 35
t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval
tailed) Difference of the Difference
Lower Upper
AMCA
-3.367 19 .003 -3.90000 -6.3243 -1.4757
M

5. The mean work week for employees in a certain company is believed to be

about 60 hours. A new employee hopes that it’s shorter. A survey was
conducted to 10 employees in the company for the lengths of their mean
work weeks. Based on the results, would the employees mean work week
to be shorter than 55 hours?

Data (length of mean work week): 57; 54; 53; 51; 53; 57; 58; 62; 62; 66.

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: length of work week
IV: employees in a certain company

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The mean work week for employees is equal to 55
HA: The mean work week for employees is significantly greater than 55
 C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05
LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
Abnormal Standard Standard T-value P-value
males were Mean Deviation
obtained,
and the
ages of 57.3000 4.80856 1.513 .165
mothers

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the p value .165 is greater than our significance threshold (P>
0.05), then reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative one.
The mean work week for employees is greater than 55.

One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
LW 57.300
10 4.80856 1.52060
W 0

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 55
t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval
tailed) Difference of the Difference
Lower Upper
LW
1.513 9 .165 2.30000 -1.1398 5.7398
W
 PART II:

USE YOUR 180 GENERATED RANDOM SAMPLES IN PS1, PERFORM THE

SUGGESTED STEPS IN HYPOTHEIS TEST:

1. COMPARE THE DIFFERRENT VARIABLES TO ITS IDENTIFIED

STANDARD BY GENDER, EDUC LEVEL AND OVERALL SAMPLES:
A. MOTIV- (STANDARD VALUE:4.00)
B. JOBPERF- (STANDARD VALUE:4.50)

NOTE: JUST PRESENT THE SUMMARY TABLE AS SUGGESTED AND

BE SURE TO ATTACH OR APPEND THE OUTPUTS OF YOUR ANALYSIS
AFTER THE HYPOTHESIS TEST IN PDF FORMAT.

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Motive
IV: Gender

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The motive by gender is equal to 4.00
HA: The motive by gender is not equal to 4.00.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
GENDER N MEAN STD.DEV. T.VALUE PROB.
MALE 90 3.9649 .28342 -1.175 .243
FEMALE 90 3.9078 .24494 -3.572 .001

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

The data shows that the motive by gender (male and female), is not equal to the
standard value which is 4.00. Therefore, reject the null hypothesis, since male has a p
value of .243 and female has a p value of .001.
 One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

MALE 90 3.9649 .28342 .02987

FEMALE 90 3.9078 .24494 .02582

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.00

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

MALE -1.175 89 .243 -.03511 -.0945 .0242

FEMALE -3.572 89 .001 -.09222 -.1435 -.0409

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Motive
IV: Educ Level

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The motive by educ level is equal to 4.00
HA: The motive by educ level is not equal to 4.00.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
 E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
EDUC LEVEL N MEAN STD.DEV. T.VALUE PROB.
ELEMENTARY 60 3.9257 .25960 -2.218 .030
SECONDARY 60 3.9287 .24546 -2.251 .028
TERTIARY 60 3.9547 .29327 -1.197 .236

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

The data shows that the motive by educ level (elementary, secondary, and
tertiary), is not equal to the standard value which is 4.00. Therefore, reject the null
hypothesis, since elementary level has a p value of .030, secondary has a p value of
0.28 and tertiary has a p value of .236.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

ELEMENTARY 60 3.9257 .25960 .03351

SECONDARY 60 3.9287 .24546 .03169

TERTIARY 60 3.9547 .29327 .03786

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.00

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

ELEMENTARY -2.218 59 .030 -.07433 -.1414 -.0073

SECONDARY -2.251 59 .028 -.07133 -.1347 -.0079

TERTIARY -1.197 59 .236 -.04533 -.1211 .0304

 A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.
DV: Motive
IV: Overall Sample

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The motive by overall sample is equal to 4.00
HA: The motive by overall sample is not equal to 4.00.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
N MEAN STD.DEV. T.VALUE PROB.
OVERALL
SAMPLE 180 3.9363 .26569 -3.215 .002

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

The data shows that the motive by overall sample, is not equal to the standard
value which is 4.00. Therefore, reject the null hypothesis, since the overall sample has
a p value of .002.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

MOTIVE 180 3.9363 .26569 .01980

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.00

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

 One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

MOTIVE -3.215 179 .002 -.06367 -.1027 -.0246

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Job Performance
IV: Gender

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The job performance by gender is equal to 4.5
HA: The job performance by gender is not equal to 4.5.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
GENDER N MEAN STD.DEV. T.VALUE PROB.
MALE 90 4.3040 .34061 -5.459 .000
FEMALE 90 4.2250 .26924 -9.690 .000

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

The data shows that the job performance by gender, is not equal to the standard
value which is 4.5. Therefore, reject the null hypothesis, since male has a p value of
.000 and female has a p value of .000.
 One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

MALE 90 4.3040 .34061 .03590

FEMALE 90 4.2250 .26924 .02838

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.5

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

MALE -5.459 89 .000 -.19600 -.2673 -.1247

FEMALE -9.690 89 .000 -.27500 -.3314 -.2186

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Job Performance
IV: Educ Level

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The job performance by educ level is equal to 4.5
HA: The job performance by educ level is not equal to 4.5.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
 E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
EDUC LEVEL N MEAN STD.DEV. T.VALUE PROB.
ELEM 60 4.2505 .33060 -5.846 .000
SECONDARY 60 4.2448 .30332 -6.516 .000
TERTIARY 60 4.2982 .29338 -5.329 .000

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

The data shows that the job performance by educ level, is not equal to the standard
value which is 4.5. Therefore, reject the null hypothesis, since elementary has a p
value of .000, secondary has a p value of .000 and tertiary has a p value of .000.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

ELEM 60 4.2505 .33060 .04268

SECONDARY 60 4.2448 .30332 .03916

TERTIARY 60 4.2982 .29338 .03787

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.5

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

ELEM -5.846 59 .000 -.24950 -.3349 -.1641

SECONDARY -6.516 59 .000 -.25517 -.3335 -.1768

TERTIARY -5.329 59 .000 -.20183 -.2776 -.1260

 A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.
DV: Job Performance
IV: Overall sample

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The job performance by overall sample is equal to 4.5
HA: The job performance by overall sample is not equal to 4.5.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05

LEVEL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
One-Sample T-Test because we want to determine whether the
mean of a single sample significantly differs from a known or
hypothesized population mean
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL
SOFTWARE)
SUMMARY TABLE/S:
N MEAN STD.DEV. T.VALUE PROB.
OVERALL
SAMPLE 180 4.2645 .30870 -10.235 .000

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

The data shows that the job performance by overall sample, is not equal to the
standard value which is 4.5. Therefore, reject the null hypothesis, since the overall
sample has a p value of .000.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

JOBPERF 180 4.2645 .30870 .02301

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.5

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Sig. (2- Mean
t df tailed) Difference Lower Upper

JOBPERF -10.235 179 .000 -.23550 -.2809 -.1901