Quantum Mechanics

Photoelectric-effect

Work-function of a substance: the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e., energy) needed to

remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid
surface

ℎ𝑓 = 𝑊𝑓 + 𝐾𝐸

Photon: light / wave

ℎ
𝜆=
𝑝

Duality of matter: every matter have a associated wave nature

ℎ
𝜆=
𝑚 𝑣

Uncertainty Principle

∆𝑥 ∆𝑝 ≥ ℎ

∆𝑥 ⇒ Particle nature
∆𝑝 ⇒ Wave nature

Particle classification:

Fermions Bosons
Half integral spins Integral spins
Matter Fields
Electron Photon
Proton Gluon
Neutron

Pavli-exclusion-principle:
Fermions can not have the same quantum state. Bosons do not have this property

Classification based on how they behave with strong force:

Don't Interact Strongly Interact Strongly

Laptons Hadron
• Electron • Baryons
○ Electron-neutrino ○ 3 quarks
 • Muon ○ Proton
○ Muon-neutrino ○ Neutron
• Tau ○ Delta
○ Tau-neutrino • Mesons
○ 2 quarks
○ Pi-meson

Quarks

Up Charm Top
Down Strange Bottom

Proton: up up down
Neutron: up down down

Conservation Principle:

• Conservation of charge
• Conservation of Lapton number
• Conservation of Baryon number