1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
การเปิ ดหน้าดินเหมือง และการล้างแร่จะเกิดเศษดิน (ตะกอน) ไหลลงลํานํา ส่งผลกระทบต่อสิงแวดล้อม และสิงมีชีวิตในนํา จําเป็ นต้องทราบระยะ
ทางการเคลือนทีของตะกอนว่าสามารถไปได้ไกลแค่ไหน
•ซึงคํานวณโดยใช้ Stroke’s law ในการคํานวณความเร็วของการตกตะกอน (Settling velocity) ดังนี

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Stokes’ law is a mathematical equation for the drag force experienced by small spherical particles
passing through a viscous fluid medium. It deals with the resistive (friction) force applied to a
body under the action of gravity as it is dropped into a fluid – liquid or air.
Historically, Stokes’ law has been named after Anglo-Irish physicist and mathematician George
Gabriel Stokes after he derived the expression for drag force in 1851.

29
30
31
Various methods are used today to limit and clean contaminated waters
from hydrocarbons after accidental spills.
By spreading or dispersing certain chemicals or dispersants over the oil slick dispersion rate
increases through chemical processes. The role of these chemicals is to disperse the oil into the
water column, so that much less remains at the surface, where it could affect beaches and
riverbanks

Crews cleaning up oil from a ruptured pipeline along the Kalamazoo River on Friday in Marshall
Township, Mich.Credit...Paul Sancya/Associated Press
By The Associated Press
•July 31, 2010

•Crude oil cleanup of Mill Creek in Kansas from the Dec. 7 Keystone pipeline spill now is
being overseen by EPA under a Jan. 6 agreement between the agency and pipe owner-
operator TC Energy.

32
33
The most important mechanism for oil pollutions transport in riverine environment is the stream
advection component [20]. This is why it is of utmost importance to be able to forecast the exact
moment in which the oil slick leading edge arrives in a certain cross section downstream the
location where the pollution accident happened.

34
-Mean velocities, Vc, in each cross section are computed by the 1D model
run under the conditions (geometric, hydrologic and boundary) of the pollution
accident. With these values and the cumulated distances, computed values of
cumulated travel time, Tc, may be obtained, in each cross-section:
-On the other hand, in a certain cross section, the real velocity of the oil
slick, Vr, may be considered to be equal to the maximum value of the velocity
distribution (Vr ≅ Vmax). Therefore, the cumulated travel time of the oil slick
leading edge may be expressed in terms of this velocity value:

-an expression of real travel time of the oil

slick leading edge is obtained as a function of computed travel
time and the
velocity ratio,  .

35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43