ADHYAY Batch Chemical Bonding LECTURE-3

covalent bond
Types of
bond)
1 Band
(Sigma
2 i bond (PieBond)

③ O-bond (delta bond)

atomic orbitals
overlapping of
is-s
overlapping:
-

* an
---------------
I
internal
ais ping
Bonds
formed.
~
an

internuclear air
*

Wheneverbondingtakes place along the

 ② s-p o
overlapping

Exi
2......... Et - - - -

&-----
↓

intelnucleat x-axis overlapping

ala

apis ~ Bond.

I axis
↓
t -

8 X
8x.
!
---------------
IE
Bond
overlapp
->
no

!
S

PK

this is not
allowed.
type of overlapping
~
ssoverlapping sip overlapping takes
place
Whenever
or

formed.

*p-poverlapping, itcan be
types:
two
of
-

cal co-axial
overlapping (end on
overlapping)
colateral (side
overlapping)
a
overlapping on
 (a) co-axial
overlapping.

-- E---
Pz Pz Es
⑧ side on
overlapping-

caxic - -

8 f - + - - - -

f-Bond.
pX

The
overlapping E-Bonds is smalles than bonds.
*

of
area. a

weaker than
Therefore A-bonds are Bonds.

overlapping
Bond.
strengthof
area a

8 PK
E
PX
-> X.
③
Everlapping-
(a) co-axial ② colational

dex, day de
,
d -

L
inbetween the
a Nis
Along theaxis.
coaxial
overlapping:- pl

------ PX
-

dn

& _
~Bond.
-

&

25. - -
-

Band. -
-

Pz
co-latial
overlapping? A-Bonds.
-

-
.......f--
-
PX dxy.
-Bond

④ d-d
overlapping
-

①
Coaxial ② colatial

① Co-axial: -

⑧
-------- 6 Bond'
dx? y2 dx? yz -
->

dz +dz =

0 Bond.
 a lobe interaction(*-Band
colatial --
overlapping ↳ Globe interaction (I-Bond)

⑧ -
⑧ dxy.
-Bond (2 lobe interaction)
dxy
lobe
interaction
-
⑧
--
⑧
O-Bonds
--
 theories
adding
① (VBT)
Valence Bond
theory
②
Hybridization the
my
③ USEPR
theory
(Valence shell Electron
pairrepulsion theory)
④ (moT)
theory
Molecular orbital

VALANCE THEORY
BOND (VBT)

themyonly
to this those citals
According can
undergo bonding
a

which have
un
&

n
x H H
-

Is is
1 1 T
-

14 ni a-Y

1s?22p5
↑21444 12/2*
-
 02 5 0 0
=

0 0

is ,
4
2p 1s?22p4
12:14 121
-
-
120
n 1s'pxRyPz
=

80 -
11222,2p4 42114
is i

Jai X
H
Pr
1,0
s
H

- -
NH3 in is' =
T
py p*42
-

3
TN is',
2,2p H)4
= +

I I ID
as
go
n
⑳
N
7 -
H
actual
X
Nio
⑭
in
 Theory-
Hybridization
Hybridization
atomic abitals
Mixing orbitals
of of nearly same

energy form is called of energy (greates

to new lowes
-

stability hybridization
-

When
* n-atomic abitats intermixto
for hybrid arbitals
lower
form n-hybrid
they
orbitals
of energy.
I

Iauam.
-- Cx2
&

p orbitals
S
sp hybrid,
+ 2
20
x -

hybride
-

-
 character
A

%. s-chalactic
in
sphybrid obital 5x10 50%
=
=

U ↳
sp i
bX10
=
33-33%
=

sp3n x
1x10 25%.
=
u a =

④ s-charact increases the distance

As the the
nucleus also increases & hence
from
electroney fivity
A

decreases.