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Earth and Life Science

Subject Teacher: JEFFERSON L. EGALLA

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Intro

They are the building

blocks of rocks.
All rocks EXCEPT
obsidian and coal are
made of minerals.
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Naturally
Occurring
Orderly
a feature or Crystalline
Structure
quality belonging
typically to a person, Inorganic
place, or thing
Definite
chemical
composition
Homogenous
Solid
They are products of Earth’s
natural processes.
Rock Cycle
 ➢ They are products of Earth’s
physical processes.
➢ They do not come from living
Inorganic things.

Olivine Pyroxine Chromite

 They have definite volume
and rigid shape.
Homogenous
Solid

Fluorite
Quartz
Gold
 Each mineral has its own specific
combination of atoms that
cannot be found in any other
Definite mineral.
Chemical
composition
NaCl

Salt
 Their atoms are arranged in
orderly and repeating
patterns.
Orderly
Crystalline
Structure
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Most minerals are recognizable using

physical properties
 Amethyst
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 Sapphire
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Color is often useful, but

should not be relied upon. Pyrite
Different minerals may be
the same color.

Gold
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➢ It describes the reflection

of light off a mineral’s Pyrite
surface.
➢ One simple way to classify
luster is based on whether
the mineral is metallic or Gold
non-metallic.
Metallic = opaque and
shiny
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Six types of Non-Metallic Luster

Luster Appearance
1. Adamantine Sparkly
2. Earthy Dull, clay-like
3. Pearly Pearl-like
4. Resinous Like resins, such as tree sap
5. Silky Soft-looking with long fibers
6. Vitreous Glassy
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Match the minerals with the correct luster. Use the luster table
Resinous Adamantine Vitreous

Diamond Sulfur Quartz

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Pyrite

➢ Streak is the color of a

mineral’s powder.

➢ Streak is a more reliable

property than color because
streak does not vary.

➢ Many minerals, such as the

quartz, do not have streak
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➢ Streak is the color of a

mineral’s powder.

➢ Streak is a more reliable

property than color because
streak does not vary.

➢ Many minerals, such as the

quartz, do not have streak
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➢ Hardness is the strength with which a mineral resists its surface

being scraped or punctured.

➢ In working with hand samples without specialized tools, mineral

hardness is specified by the Mohs hardness scale.
Hard Challenge to Break
Mohs Hardness Scale
 Arrange the following
minerals from softest
to hardest.

Fluorite Talc
Corundum

Diamond Quartz
Calcite
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Mohs Hardness Scale

Hardness Index Mineral Common Objects
1 Talc
2 Gypsum 2.5 - fingernail
3 Calcite 3.5-pure, untarnished copper
4 Fluorite
5 Feldspar 5 to 5.5-stainless steel
6 Apatite 5.5 to 6-glass, 5.5 to 6-glass
7 Quartz
8 Topaz
9 Corundum
10 Diamond
 Minerals from softest
to hardest.

Talc Calcite Fluorite Quartz Corundum Diamond

1 3 4 7 9 10
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They help us to develop new In order to maintain a

01 02 healthy lifestyle and
technologies and are used in
our everyday lives. strengthen the body,
humans need to consume
minerals daily

Our use of rocks and

minerals includes as building In order maintain a healthy
material, cosmetics, cars, 04 03 lifestyle and strengthen the
roads, and appliances. body, humans need to
consume minerals daily