SCIENCE

ROCK FORMING MINERALS

Quarter 1 Module 3

Try This Do This

1. A 1. Atmosphere 6. Atmosphere
2. D 2. Lithosphere 7. Hydrosphere
3. D 3. Biosphere 8. Biosphere
4. D 4. Hydrosphere 9.Hydrosphere
5. A 5. Lithosphere 10. Lithosphere

Explore
Activity 1: Sugar or Salt

Guide Questions:
1. In what ways are sugar and salt similar?
⚫ Sugar and Salt both have crystalline structures and the same color.
2. In what way are sugar and salt different?
⚫ They are different in chemical composition. While salt is made up of
sodium and chloride, sugar is composed of carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen. Sugar and salt also differ in hardness and luster.
3. Are sugar and salt both minerals? Explain your answer.
⚫ Minerals are inorganic substances that are naturally in the
environment. Salt is mined and inorganic because it does not contain
hydrogen and carbon. Therefore, salt is definitely a mineral. Sugar is
grown and organic because it is processed from a sugar cane (plant)
and it contains carbon-based compounds.
4. What characters must a substance possess so that it can be
considered as mineral?
⚫ A mineral is a chemical compound that has been formed as a result
of geological processes. A substance must have the following
characteristics to be considered a mineral, (1)Minerals are inorganic.
They don’t belong to any group of organic compounds which
includes substances such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats made
by living organisms. (2)Minerals are naturally in the environment.
(3)Minerals are solid that possess a high amount of order. They
cannot be liquid or gasses. (4)They have definite chemical
composition. (5)Minerals have crystalline structure.

Activity 2: Which is Which

Clear quartz and calcite are similar looking minerals. What property of
minerals will you use to identify them?
⚫ Clear Quartz is composed of silicone dioxide that has one atom of
silicone and two atoms of oxygen while calcite is made up of calcium
carbonate that contains atoms of carbon, calcium and oxygen. They
are both similar looking minerals that form a variety of colors like
purple, white, brown, gray and colorless. Quartz and calcite differ in
hardness like all minerals do. In identifying minerals, I would use the
Mohs Hardness Scale. Quartz reached the hardness of 7 while calcite
reached 3, therefore, clear quartz is 4 times harder that calcite. A
small piece of quartz can scratch a sample of calcite but calcite
cannot do the same to quartz.

Activity 3: Gold or Not?

Questions
1. What is the short story about?
⚫ The story is all about the yellow nugget Dani found in a near river and
how she examined it to know if it is gold or not.
2. Where did Dani and her family go? What is this place know for?
⚫ Dani and her family went to Camarines Norte and it is widely known
for huge gold deposits.
3. What did Dani found in the river?
⚫ A yellow nugget.
4. What did she think it was?
⚫ She thought it was gold.
5. Why do you think Dani thought that way?
⚫ Perhaps Dani thought that way because yellow is almost the same
color as gold and also the fact the she’s in a place known for huge
gold deposits.
6. What property did Dani consider in testing the nugget?
⚫ She considered the streak, hardness and properties of minerals in
testing the nugget she found.
7. If you were Dani, how would you conclude after doing the tests? Was
the nugget actually a gold? Explain.
⚫ If I was the one who found and tested the nugget, I can say that it
wasn’t gold. When she rubbed it against a broken porcelain, it gave a
greenish-black mark. And when she rubbed it again on glass, the
yellow nugget scratched the glass. Gold does not scratch glass.
⚫ Many tests can be done to verify Dani’s finding. You can use water.
Just place the nugget into it. It will sink immediately if it’s gold
because golds are heavy due to it’s high density. You can also use
vinegar through putting small drops of it in the gold. You can tell its
gold if the drops of vinegar did not change the metals color. Lastly,
you can try going on pawnshops to have them checked.

Apply What You Have Learned

 Study each picture of minerals and fill the appropriate columns in the
table with their observable properties.

PROPERTIES NAME OF
Color Luster Diaphaneity Crystal Habit MINERAL
Gray Metallic Opaque Cubic Galena
Purple Vitreous Translucent Octahedral Flourite
6-side
Clear Vitreous Transparent Quartz
Prismatic
Orange Resinous Opaque Tabular Wulfenite
Black Metallic Opaque Botryoidal Hematite

Copy the concept map below. Fill the empty boxes with the corret term
observing proper relationship between the ideas you learned about
minerals.

Inorganic Crystalline Solid

Naturally Occurring
With Definite Chemical
Substance
Composition

Characteristics

Minerals
Properties

Categories
Chemical
Physical
New Elements Chemical
Composition
Silicates
Major Rock Color Hardness
Oxides Forming Types
Plagioclase Luster Fracture
Sulfates Feldspar
Amphiboles Crystal
Cleavage
Habit Form
Sulfides Alkali Feldspar
Quartz Streak Diaphaneity

Carbonates Mica Specific

Density
Olivine Gravity
Halides Pyroxene
Dolomite
Calcite
Reflect
I have learned that Minerals are naturally occurring crystalline solids that
has a definite chemical composition. Minerals are inorganic substances
and are not made by humans. They are not in a form of liquid or gas and
the chemical elements that made it up are arranged in a particular way
that’s why minerals grow as crystals. The atoms in minerals are
organized in a regular repeated geometric pattern. A geometric pattern
of the atoms in a mineral is called a crystal structure. The chemical
property of a mineral constitutes to it’s chemical composition which is
expressed in it’s physical properties. Physical properties are used to
identify the minerals. A mineral should be a naturally formed substance.
This means the material should be one, formed as a result of natural
processes in or on the earth. It is not a material manufactured in a
factory or synthesized in a laboratory. Steel, glass, plastic etc. are not
minerals. For a substance to be classified as a mineral, it should meet the
following requirements. (1)It should be a naturally formed substance.
(2)It should be inorganic. (3) It should be solid for minerals can’t be in a
form of liquid nor gas. (4)It should have a specific chemical composition
and lastly it should have a crystal like structure. Mineral is a chemical
compound which has a definite chemical composition, inorganic and
solid in nature. It is a naturally occurring compound. It is inorganic and
has ordered internal structure. Mineralogy is the study of minerals.
Gemstones like diamonds, emeralds and sapphires which are produced
in industries are identical and hence are called man made minerals.
I wish to ask my teacher about the types of rocks and it’s formation and
deposition.

Reinforcement
Uses of Minerals

Mineral Component Useful Properties

Aluminum is lightweight,
malleable, corrosion-resistant,
Aluminum
fireproof, durable and good
conductor of heat.
Graphite is lubricant, dark streak,
Graphite soft, lightweight and has low
density.
Diamond is the hardest mineral. It
is chemically resistant and has the
Diamond highest thermal conductivity. It
also has adamantine luster and is
durable.
Lithium is the lightest of the metals
with a density approximately half
Lithium
of water. It has a low melting point
and high electrochemical potential.
It is a translucent mineral with a
Talc
pearly luster. Softest mineral.
Assess What You Have Learned
choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. B
10. D