Hgoumtã

Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit

Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

Dxdrocod >2

_jct md pjrtcqud cmmustrã. [rgodr md kcglrgffd k d m–dhhjrt ijrfgm, dhhjrt trgioegit

dt fjfdit hmãoecssgit2 > AI

O K
> AI/fm
7f
G N

>f

>f >f >f Mds ãqugtcjis k–ãqucmcnrd

k–ã qucmcnrd

sjit gu ijfnrd
rãgotcjis k–gppucskdsjit
?. Mds
gu
ijfnrd kd 4. 4-? 6 >.
_jmutcji 2 Kjio, cm rdstd kdux
ciojiius qugik id pdut pgs
kãtdrfcidr.
7-Md kdlrã k–eypdrstgtcoctã ku syståfd dst

E 6 ?O-G->_ 6 ?(>) ->(>) 6 >

Kjio, ji g kdux ciojiiuds eypdrstgtcquds à kãtdrfcidr.

>-Md oejcx k–ui syståfd kd ngsd

Cm hgut oejcscr m–dfpmgodfdit kds ciojiiuds à od qud md syståfd sjct tjubjurs

stgnmd dt scfpmd à ãtukcdr. > AI

O K
> AI/fm
7f U>
G N

>f U7

>f >f >f

7
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

?-Md trgoã ku kcglrgffd ku fjfdit hmãoecssgit sjus oegrldfdit citdrid (F P)

> AI
Ngrrd OK 2
O K
0 x >f
F ( x)  0 x

>  x  ;f
F (>)  0
F ( x)  >( x  >)
F (;)  ; AI .f
Ji pdut pgs gmmdr busqu–à mg > AI
hci ku pjtdgu (pjcit D) pgr
od qu–cm y g mg oegrld
>AI/fm quc gppgrgct gprås O K
Pjtdgu ON 2 md pjcit N
x

 x  f
0 7
F ( x )  >  >  ; AI .f
N

Md ogmoum kd F(x) sd
Ngrrd GN 2 hgct sji mds gppucs
> AI/fm
0 x  >f
F (0)  0
F ( x)  x>  G N
F (>)  ; AI .f

Pjtdgu ND 2

0 x >f
F ( x )  >  >  >  >  7  0
> AI

O K
> AI/fm

N
G
x

>
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

G mg hci, md kcglrgffd ku fjfdit hmãoecssgit sjus oegrldfdit dxtdrid sdrg

trgoã ojffd suct 2 ; AI.f

; AI.f Z
Z ; AI.f

FP

?-Md trgoã ku kcglrgffd ku fjfdit hmãoecssgit sjus oegrldfdit uictgcrd (F 7 dt F>)

?-7-Md fjfdit hmãoecssgit (F7) gvdo uid oegrld ãlgmd à 7.

Ngrrd GN 2
O K
0 x  >f
F (0)  0
F ( x)  x G N
F (?)  > AI .f
7
Pjtdgu ND 2

D
0  x  ?f
F ( x)  7  >  > AI .f

_jus oegrldfdit uictgcrd md kcglrgffd ku fjfdit hmãoecssgit « F7 ± dst trgoã

ojffd suct 2
O K

G > AI.f N
+
> AI.f FU7
7 Z

?
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

?->-Md fjfdit hmãoecssgit (F>) gvdo uid oegrld ãlgmd à 7.

Ngrrd KO 2 O K

0 x  ?f
G N 7
F (0)  0
F ( x)  x 
F (;)  ; AI .f

Pjtdgu OD 2
D
0 x ;f
F ( x)  7  ;  ; AI .f

_jus oegrldfdit uictgcrd md kcglrgffd ku fjfdit hmãoecssgit « F > ± dst trgoã

ojffd suct 2
O ; AI.f K
+
; AI.f
7
G N FU>
+

;-Ogmoum kds ojdhhcocdits k–cihmudiod « λac , λaίH ±

Md ogmoum kd ods ojdhhcocdits od hgct, sdmji mg rålmd kd Xdrdoetoeglucid ju gvdo

mg fumtcpmcogtcji kds hjrfds ku kcglrgffd kds fjfdits hmãoecssgit (rdlgrkdr md
hjrfumgcrd kds citãlrgmds kd Fjer).
Dxdfpmd 2

?AI .f ;.4AI .f

+ +

7 7 
   (mg pgrgnjmd  ?).(md trcgilmd  ;.4).(mg mjiludur  >)
pgrgnjmd
DC  ; 

;
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

7 7  ?>
 77   ? .>.>.>  ( >).( >).>   ?DC
DC

 >>  7  7 .;.;.;  ;.;.?  >05

DC  ?  ?DC
7  78
 7>  ;.(>).> 
DC DC

7 7  ;
 7P   ; .(;).>.> 
DC DC

7  7   55
 >P  (;).;.7  .(;).(>.;  >).> 
DC  8  ?DC

4-Mg rãsjmutcji kd m–ãqugtcji ogijicqud

 77 U 7  7> U >  7  0 ?> U 7  ;5 U >  7>  0

  
P


 >7 7U   >>
U >   >  0  ;5 U 7  >05 U >  55  0
P

 U7  7.4; AI 1 U>  0.<5AI

8-Md trgoã kds kcglrgffds kds fjfdits hmãoecssgits sjus oegrldfdits dxtdrid dt
citdrid (FP, FU7, FU>). O K

; AI.f

Z ?.05 AI.f N
G
; AI.f +
Z ; AI.f FU7
?.05 AI.f
Z
7.4; AI Z
FP
D

O ?.7> AI.f K
+
?.7> AI.f
0.<5 AI
G N FU>
+

D 4
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

<-Md trgoã kds kcglrgffds kd m–dhhjrt ijrfgm, dhhjrt trgioegit dt fjfdit hmãoecssgit
<-7-Kãtdrfcigtcji kds fjfdits gux dxtrãfctãs

K–gprås mds kchhãrdits kcglrgffds di egut 2

Gu pjcit G 2 F G 6 0
Gu pjcit N 2 Pjtdgu DN 1F N 6 ?.7> ‟ ?.05 6 0.0; AI.f.
Ngrrd GN 1FN 6 ?.05 ‟ ; 6 -0.3> AI.f
Pjtdgu ON 1FN 6 ?.7> ‟ ; 6 -0.55 AI.f.
Gu pjcit D 2 FD 6 ?.7> ‟ ?.05 6 0.0; AI.f.
Gu pjcit O 2 FO 6 ?.7> ‟ ; 6 -0.55 AI
AI.f.
.f.
Gu pjcit K 2 FK 6 0

<->- Dtukd kds kchhãrdits dhhjrts

K–gprås mg hjrfumd lãiãrgmd kds fjfdits citdrids dt dxtdrids ji g trjuv ãs2

  F b  Fc 
[ ( x )  t ( x )   
  M  > AI/fm

F ( x)  f( x)  F   F b  F c  x c b
 c   G N
  M 
x
Ngrrd GN 2 > AI > AI
0  x  >f
t ( x)  >  >x
f( x)  >x  x>

(0.3>)  0 [ (0)  7.4; AI

[ ( x)  >  >x   7.4;  > x [ (>)  >.;8 AI
> [ ( x)  0  x  0.<<f


 (0.3>)  0 
F ( x)  >x  x >  0   x
 > 

F (0)  0
F (>)  0.3> AI .f
>
F ( x )  7.4; x  x 
F ( x)  0  x  7.4;f
F (0.<<)  0.43


8
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

Pjtdgu NO 2
O b
0 x  ?f
t ( x) 0

f( x ) 0 N c

  0.55  (0.55) 
[ ( x)  0 0
 7 

  0.55  (0.55) 
F ( x)  0.55    x  0.55AI .f
 7 

Ngrrd OK 2

0  >f
x

t ( x)  7AI

f( x )  x

0  ( 0.55)
[ ( x)  7  7.>> AI
;

> AI
 0  (0.55) 
F ( x )  x  (0.55)   x
 ;  O K

x
F (0)  0.55AI .f 7 AI 7 AI

F ( x )  7.>> x  0.55F (>)  7.48 AI .f
F ( x)  0  x  0.<>f


<
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

Ngrrd OK 2

>  x  ;f
t ( x)  7  >  7AI > AI
f ( x )  x  >( x  >)

0  ( 0.55) O K
[ ( x )  7   0.<5 AI
; x
7 AI 7 AI
 0  (0.55) 
F ( x)  x  >( x  >)  (0.55)   x

 ; 

F ( >)  7.48 AI .f
F ( x)  0.<5 x  ?.7>
F ( ;)  0 AI .f

Pjtdgu ND 2

0  >f
x

t ( x)  0

N b
f( x ) 0

[ ( x)  0   0.0;  0.0;   0
 >  D c

 0.0;  0.0; 
F ( x)  0  0.0;    x  0.0; AI .f
 > 

5
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

*Kcglrgffd ku fjfdit hmãoecssgit

0.55 AI.f

Z
0.55 AI.f

Z +
0.3> AI.f

Z 7.48 AI.f

+
0.43 AI.f
Fh
+

0.0; AI.f

3
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

*Kcglrgffd kd m–dhhjrt trgioegit

7.>> AI

+
Z

7.4; AI 0.<5 AI

+
[
Z

>.;8 AI

Mds rãgotcjis à m–diogstrdfdit sjit

H/ x  0  ^ Kx 0

H/ y  0  ^K y  7.4;  0.<5  >  >  >  7  ?.85 AI

> AI
F / K  0  0.<5  ;  >  >  7  >  >  7.4;  >  F d  0

 Fd  0.0; AI .f O K
> AI/fm
7f
G N
0.<5AI

>f
7.4;AI

^Dx D
Fd
^Dy

>f >f >f

70
 Hgoumtã
Hgoumtã kd [doeijmjlcd Kãpgrtdfdit
Kãpgrtdfdit kd Lãicd Ocvcm
Fgtcård 2 OK_ Icvdgu 2 ?åfd Giiãd MCODIOD

Dxdrocods ojrrclãs 2 Fãtejkd kds Hjrods

*Kcglrgffd kd m–dhhjrt ijrfgm 7.?<AI

_ucvgit m–ãqucmcnrd kds işuks « O ± dt « N ± ji trjuvd
O IOK
Işuk O 2

IOK 6 0
ION 6 -7.>>AI INO
ION
Işuk N 2
>.85AI
ING 6 0
ING N
IND 6 ->.;8+ I ON 6 - ?.85AI

IND

7.>> AI

?.85 AI

I
Z

77