Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Shankarrao Chavan Law College (SCLC) (Affiliated to

Savitribai Phule Pune University & Accredited Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)

Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s

Shankarrao Chavan Law College, Pune

Submission of Dissertation

(E-LEARNING & COVID-19 PANDEMIC: IMPACT ANALYSIS & CONTEMPORARY

RELEVANCE)

-: Submitted by:-

(ANUSHKA RAJESH SHAH)

Diploma in (CYBER LAW)

-: Under the guidance of:-

Dr. Ashwini Ingole
(2021-22)

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE-07

(i)
 Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Shankarrao Chavan Law College (SCLC)
(Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University & Accredited Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)

Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s

Shankarrao Chavan Law College, Pune

Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University

Ref. No. Date:

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, (Anushka Rajesh Shah) has worked on Dissertation titled
(E-Learning and Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact Analysis and Contemporary
Relevance), under my guidance and supervision. This Research has been
submitted to Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Shankarrao Chavan Law College,
Pune during Diploma in (Cyber Law) in the academic year 2021-2022.

Dr. Kranti Deshmukh Name of guide: Ashwini Ingole

(Principal) (Asst.Prof.)

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 Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Shankarrao Chavan Law College (SCLC)
(Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University & Accredited Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)

FORMAT OF DECLARATION

DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I (Anushka Rajesh Shah) hereby declare that the work embodied in this
Dissertation titled “(E-Learning and Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact Analysis and
Contemporary Relevance)” is my own research carried out by me during the
Diploma in (Cyber Law). In academic year 2021-22. Wherever references have
been made to the contribution of others, it has been acknowledged and
accordingly indicated in footnotes and references.
I also declare that this research has been not submitted by me or (as per my
knowledge) by anyone else for any other degree or diploma in the Savitribai
Phule Pune University or in any other university.
I also declare that in case of any plagiarism, I alone will be responsible for
every loss or injury caused to my College or College Authority and therefore I
will indemnify for the same.

Date: (Anushka Rajesh Shah)

Roll No.

Diploma in (Cyber Law)

Place: Pune (2021-2022)

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 Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Shankarrao Chavan Law College (SCLC)
(Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University & Accredited Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)

Acknowledgement
I express my gratitude, respect and appreciation to my research guide (Dr.
Ashwini Ingole) and other teaching faculty for their untiring efforts and advices
coupled with in-depth knowledge and expertise in guiding me throughout this
research.
I would like to thank Librarian staff for making available all necessary research
material at all the time. Words fail to express my gratitude to my college
Principal Dr. Kranti Deshmukh, for her continuous guidance and supervision. I
will also acknowledge all non-teaching staff of my Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s
Shankarrao Chavan Law College, Pune for their kind co-operation.
And with profound gratitude I am grateful to my class mates, friends, well-
wishers and my loving family members who directly and indirectly supported
me.

Date: (Anushka Rajesh Shah)

Roll No.
Diploma in (Cyber Law)
Place: Pune (2021-22)

Dr. Ashwini Ingole Asst. Prof. Pratik Salgar

(Faculty In-Charge) (Faculty In-Charge)

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 CONTENTS

Certificate
ii

Declaration
iii

Acknowledgement
iv

List of Figures
vi

List of Abbreviations
vi

Table of content
vii

Abstract ix

Appendices
x

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: E-LEARNING PLATFORMS 19
FIGURE 2: CONVENIENCE OF USING ONLINE PLATFORM 20
FIGURE 3: EFFECT OF E-LEARNING ON STUDENTS 21
FIGURE 4 TOTAL HRS FOR CONDUCTION OF LECTURES 22
FIGURE 5 CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF STUDENTS 23

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ICT: Information Communication and Technology
PC: Personal computer
SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
COVID-19: Coronavirus disease
E-learning: Electronic learning
SPPU: Pune University

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 CHAPTERS CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 COVID-19 Pandemic 1
1.2 History of E-Learning 2
1.3 Definition of E-Learning 2
CHAPTER 2 RATIONAL & SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY 4
2.1 Rational & Significance of study 4
2.2 Gamification in education 5
2.2.1 Introduction 5
2.2.2 Benefits 5
2.2.3 Drawbacks 6
2.3 Cheating during the online exams 7
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
3.1 Literature Review 10
3.2 Research Question 11
CHAPTER 4 HYPOTHESIS 12
4.1 Hypothesis 12
CHAPTER 5 SCOPE & AREA OF RESAERCH 13
5.1 Scope & Area of research 13
CHAPTER 6 AIMS & OBJECTIVES 14
6.1 Aims & Objectives 14
6.2 Advantages 14
6.3 Disadvantages 15
6.4 Benefits of E-Learning 16
6.5 Obstacles to E-learning 17
CHAPTER 7 DATA ANALYSIS 19
7.1 Survey Design 19

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 7.2 Research Tool 24
CHAPTER 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25
8.1 Research Methodology 25
8.1.1 Descriptive model 25
8.1.2 Impact analysis model 25
8.2 Type of Data 26
CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDATION 27
9.1 Recommendations 27
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION 28
10.1 Conclusion 28
Bibliography 29
APPENDICES 31
Appendix-1 31

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 ABSTRACT

In response to the arising and ever solution to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study
proposes a hypothetical framework based on literature and model to determined E-learning
portal success.
E-learning was underutilized in the past especially in developing countries. However,
the current crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the entire world to rely on it for the
purpose of education as well.
The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic undoubtedly resulted in devastating socio-
economic challenges across the world. In attempt to manage the contagion, many countries
have implemented restrictive measures to reduce social gatherings and to promote social
distancing. This meant the closure of higher learning institutions and a major shift from
traditional classroom-based teaching and learning to virtual Approach.
While higher education may have transformed and moved to online due to Covid-19,
it is unknown whether this transformation produces positive teaching and learning outcomes.

(ix)
 1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-191 outbreak was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) described by the WHO (World Health Organization) is an
infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people who were infected by
COVID experienced mild respiratory illness, severe fever and weakness. This disease is
contagious. Lockdown and staying home strategies have been put in place as the needed
action to prevent the spread of the transmission of the disease.
Globally, as of 17 February 2022, there have been 416,614,051 confirmed cases of
COVID-19, including 5,844,097 deaths, reported to WHO. As of 14 February 2022, a total
of 10,279,668,555 vaccine doses have been administered.2
The COVID-19 pandemic has created the largest disruption of education systems in
human history, affecting nearly 1.6 billion learners in more than 200 countries. The closing of
schools, universities and other learning spaces have impacted more than 94% of the world’s
student population.
Social distancing and restrictive movement policies have significantly disturbed
traditional educational process. Several schools, colleges and universities have discontinued
face-to-face teachings. There is a fear of losing 2022 academic year or even more in the
coming future
Due to the quarantine for the past one and half year, all the working companies,
schools, universities have been shut down. And that began the concept of work from home
and the application of E-learning at a great extent. As the students cannot attend the classes in
offline mode, all the universities started to conduct the classes from online platforms. E-
learning has been the one and only mode of conducting the lectures because of the pandemic.

1
https://covid19.who.int/.
2
https://covid19.who.int/table.
 2

1.2 History of E-Learning

The term E-learning3 was coined by Elliott Maisie in 1999, and ever since E-learning
has gained more strength and attention all over the world. E-learning is the conveyance of
learning and preparing through computer and digital assets.
In spite of the fact that E-learning depends on formalized learning, it is given through
electronic gadgets like PCs, tablets and surprisingly phones that are associated with the web.
This makes it simple for the students to learn whenever, wherever, with few or any,
limitations.
E-learning hypothesis portrays the mental science standards of successful mixed
media getting the hang of utilizing electronic instructive innovations.

1.3 Definition of E-Learning

“E-learning is a new education concept by using the Internet technology, it deliveries
the digital content, provides a learner-orient environment for the teachers and students. The e-
learning promotes the construction of life-long learning opinions and learning society.” 4 The
latest idea of learning is considered as Online learning because it provides the situation
intended for understand the permanent education standard also assistance to construct the
further actual knowledge culture.

E-learning has been very useful and impactful in this era as the COVID-19 pandemic
has aroused and which has made difficult for everyone to attend the classes in person and
have no other choice but to apply the e-learning concept in their day to day lives.

On the other hand, the pandemic has provided us with an opportunity to pave the way
for introducing digital learning.

The classes are conducted through the distance learning tools like video calls, conference
calls initiated by the colleges through online medium like Google meet, Zoom calls,
Microsoft Teams and also through learning applications like Bygu’s, Vedantu, etc.
ICTs offer unique educational and training opportunities as they improve teaching and
learning, and creativity for people and organizations. Also, the use of ICT can promote the

3
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/e-learning.
4
https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/bid/343658/10-Great-Moments-in-eLearning-History#:~:text=In
%20November%201999%2C%20Elliott%20Masie,used%20in%20a%20professional%20context.
 3

development of an educational policy that encourages creative and creative educational

institution environments. Most of the students now a days want to study online and graduate
from universities and colleges around the world, but they cannot go anywhere because they
reside in isolated places without good communication services.
Research highlights certain insufficiency such as the weakness of online teaching
infrastructure, the limited exposure of teachers to online teaching, the information difference,
non-beneficial environment for learning at home, and academic excellence in terms of higher
education. The research studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and
learning process across the world.5
The challenges and opportunities of online learning and continuing education during
the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized and way forward suggested.

5
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/57.
 4

CHAPTER 2 RATIONAL & SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

2.1 Rational & Significance of study

In today’s world, E-learning is a serious issue mostly among teenagers as the digital
space, social networks are the only way to proceed with the education now a days due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. It a very significant issue. It’s a very serious issue, considering that
impact of the educational level provided by the distance learning method to a large audience,
and can remain the only source to education virtually for a longer time which cannot be
predicted and can spread psychological effect on the students and can damage the confidence
which they had prior the pandemic to perform at their best in which ever field they are
supposed to work in the future.
It is very important to provide the exact same or similar level of education which has
been provided in the offline mode of teaching.
Transitioning from traditional face-to-face learning to online learning can be an entirely
different experience for the learners and the educators, which they must adapt to with little or
no other alternatives available.
The education system and the educators have adopted “Education in Emergency” 6 via
various online platforms and are forced to use a system which they are not prepared for. The
students with a fixed mind-set find it hard to adapt and adjust, whereas the students with a
growth mind-set quickly get used to a new learning environment.
Many students at home have experienced psychological and emotional distress and
have been unable to engage productively anymore. This has reduced the urge to challenge
yourself to try new things as before.
Some of the online platforms used are platforms such as Microsoft Teams, Google
Classroom, etc. which makes it easier for the teachers to create educational courses, conduct
lectures. E.g.. Video meeting and file storage which includes notes and makes it convenient

6
https://www.unicef.org/education/emergencies#:~:text=UNICEF-,A%20lifeline,and%20recruitment%20into
%20armed%20groups.&text=Parents%20and%20children%20affected%20by,education%20as%20a%20top
%20priority.
 5

for studying. These also provide online assessments by conducting submission of

assignments in pdf format.
Exams are also conducted online and is affecting the level of knowledge acquired by
the students. The students tend to not study and are using the online platform as the way to
cheat on the examinations rather than studying hard and gaining the marks.
New methods chow be implemented in E-learning which encourage students to participate in
distance learning and have a fun and knowledgeable experience at the same time.
Gamification is one of the way to lead online learning7.

2.2 Gamification in education

2.2.1 Introduction
The definition of gamification in higher education is a teaching method that creates a
game-like framework around the course curriculum and the objectives of the course. The
reason of these same like systems is to promote student engagement and motivate the
students to participate in the course activities. The concept of gamification in higher
education has become popular and useful with a vast range of companies that have created
game platforms for many different subjects.8

If it is used properly, many educators have witnessed that by usage of this method as a
motivator in their classes, they have improved course assessment results and have students
that are attentive and productive.

2.2.2 Benefits
There are some benefits of gamification in education, which improves the knowledge level
and experiences new teaching methods, they are as follows:-

7
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64029090/covid-pandemic-scopus-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?
Expires=1645540111&Signature=V6JcJ2CGcSHdqx4MW4MSXdPY38jsrfyEmM-
MmExZifsh9~SGYVqITFVLkcJcHiVzwa-
dwWJmAboCYy3TMrtQqv4dmHy0fqZpLmXTo9hCCj5lFJfdP79CIPLpu~E9TVfIhUAsVsfRwxJEUVd04BeZ
ARFlPexP4JSUuTAEuLKSZOVFXZahN8GnHvRs0v0811yfivdPPak93q6hvN30Ln2BOB0KDP5tK3z4HY4N
mvaDaD-
IZctmsVzR5Awyg4~SLKEkJaxoy7NtCg3MZ9RGCSciUQVheRODEBSu3yVBSUPIMBX4~WnX2hbD7a2b
ML4sEyVaARGTMM5oRz5r3qZSjZ9y1w__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.
8
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification_of_learning.
 6

i. Increases Student Engagement-

Research has proven that students are bound to spend more energy playing a
learning-based game assuming you are using an award system. Scores or points
system encourages the student to try hard. By increasing commitment you'll see
growth in learning through gamification. Students will actually want to connect with
the studies as they are been conducted in a fun and easier way through watching
lectures rather than reading them.
ii. Makes Social Connections-
In higher education it’s often found that students have trouble making social
connections with others in their classes. Gamified classrooms, help students having
trouble with social interactions and give them intention to work together. E.g. group
competitions that require students to work together for challenges.9
2.2.3 Drawbacks
There are some pros of gamification in education, which affects the education in general, they
are as follows:-

i. Decreases Student Attention Span-

It is believed that the high speed and immediate feedback makes it an issue
with student’s capacity to focus. They might start to anticipate similar sort of
reactions from their studies and won’t find it interesting anymore.
ii. Cost-
The costs of gamified learning is different based on what type of system you
are using. There may be equipment costs, training costs for instructors.
Sometimes these expenses are passed through registration charges and course
codes that should be bought, making a higher boundary for entering into the
classes.
While the subject of gamified learning has been around for a really long time, recently
it is finding its spot in online education. The global gamification market is projected to grow
from $9.1 billion in 2020 to $30.7 billion by the year 2025. Gamification may sometimes lead
to excess comfort in using the technology and may affect in the change of the mind-set of the
students. It may lead to fraud and cheating in the exams.

9
https://www.trueeducationpartnerships.com/schools/gamification-in-education/.
 7

2.3 Cheating during the online exams

At the time of COVID, many universities are conducting online examinations which
creates an opportunity where students cheat in the exams. This pattern has been accelerated in
recent online exams due to the COVID-19 cases are increasing, and exam centres and health
centres are closing.

The number of applicants for admission is straightforwardly relative to the standing of

the college as a learning place. So, when conducting high-scoring exams online, universities
and organization often think of ways prevent students from cheating, especially if the
candidate is trying to take an exam online from distant places.

It's not hard to accept, but in the education industry one of the most looked through
web inquiries rotates around ways of cheating on the online examinations. It is well known
that fraud during online exams is rising day by day and there is no denying that students will
always find new ways to beat delegating technologies 10. These are some ways in which the
students cheat on the exams, as well as assessing brilliant advances that can assist with the
prevention of such occasions.

i. Screen sharing-
When taking an exam from faraway places, the students can easily use
multiple monitors to approach a friend’s exam question at the same time and
provide answers. Students are known to use screen sharing to cheat in tests.
ii. Using high technology equipment-
Students will often find the ways to cheat on an online exam involving
cameras. Companies conducting high-tech online exams and other competitive
exams, have lately been referred to, with students using smaller, practically
undetectable Bluetooth devices. Students use calculators that can store formulas
and other data so that they can get higher marks in the exam. Students have agreed
to use high-tech devices to address their concerns about how students cheat in an
online exam. They also said that some students use traditional fraudulent methods
such as hand-written notes kept in front of them during the exams and even
writing on their palms.
10
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-76346-6_8.
 8

iii. Mobile phones-

In supervised online exams, frauds using smartphones is increased now
a days. Connected devices help the students to store answers and help fellow
mates to find the answers from each other.
iv. Auto coding software-
Students are known to use auto coding software to clear the exam
during the university exams or any online tests. These types of software create
such programs, without the candidate writing any code themselves.
v. Navigation Offers-
Student misuse the easy access to the internet and social media tools to
carry out fraud during online examinations. During the test, they tend to log in
to an unauthorized websites, paste the questions into the URL, and find the
best solution they can steal.
vi. Impersonation-
Taking the test for someone else is a commonly known fraud. Now
that the exams are online, the chances of a student using an impersonator to
appear for the exam on their behalf is high. There is no need to use any
fraudulent devices or methods. E.g. ask a high achieving student to take the
test for you. Many students have been using impersonators to destroy so-called
‘high-integrity’ exams for years and due to the COVID the probability has
risen.
vii. Use of External Devices-
In online exams, students have been experts in cheating and often use
hard drives, USBs, and other external smart devices that are easy to hide and
difficult to detect. Before or after the test, students insert them to make
duplicates of online exams so they can sell it to others, or upload it on the
internet.
viii. Their family & friends are present in the room-
One of the most common and easy ways to cheat on MCQs or quizzes
is to take the help of a family member or friend by sitting beside the exams
takers during the examination. They are instructed to stay away from the
webcam or behind the screen so that they are not detected during the live
 9

supervision. When committing a fraud they often hide their faces or disappear
from the screen or look around the room or make suspicious signs when
contacting with their helpers for the response.
ix. Copy-pasting & other keyboard shortcuts-
One of the most common methods of cheating in online exams is
copying and pasting the answers. Students can often copy and paste answers
from documents or pdfs, which can be prepared in a separate window before
the exam starts. These are simple ways to trick some remote supervising
software who have no idea about what is happening on the screen.

This is a crucial problem which needs to be stopped as soon as possible. And the
institutes or the government should develop some systems which can prevent the frauds and
if detected then punishment should be implemented.
Recently, SPPU11 conducted the yearly exams and during the online exams over 1100
students had to face the consequences for cheating on their exams. Most of them were from
the engineering faculty. In fact, that they comprise nearly 80 per cent of the total cases of
cheating and malpractices. SPPU had punished these students for cheating in the exams with
fine of Rs.1000.

11
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/over-1100-students-face-action-for-cheating-in-sppus-online-
exams-7538310/.
 10

CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Literature Review

This literature review is conducted to obtain relevant evidence on E-learning and E-
teaching outcomes, challenges and opportunities in the era of Covid-19 pandemic.
The research has been done broadly by referring articles and of the accompanying writing
and has discovered that-
A particular test has been the quick and surprising call for earlier up close and personal
college courses to be conducted online. With the help of advanced technology, online
educating and learning requires numerous approaches to planning and organizing more
prominent learning viewpoints and building particular learning conditions (Rapanta et al.,
2020).

I. From the teacher’s point-

There are a few investigations that show comparative discoveries that there is
an absence of contact among students and teachers, trouble giving the students
direction, trouble instructing as per the individual preference and capacities, incapable
to give showing abilities, lack of encouragement for students during the online
learning.
And on the other hand, some teachers have seen tremendous improvement in some
students and suggest a rise in the implementation of the E-learning platform.
It also demonstrates the limited experience of the E-learning, such as
technological skills, time management, and attitude in E-learning. (Markova,
Glazkova & Zaborova, 2017). According to the korkmaz & Toraman in 2020. The
educators think that there should be certain measures implemented against the corona
outbreak in the coming future as there may be a pandemic like COVID-19vagain &
that may return the implementation of E-learning.
 11

II. From the student’s point-

They are encouraged to be more independent in both perceiving direction signals and
working with no micro-scaffolding. Taking into account the utilization of successful
correspondence and efforts to advance better students contribution, online learning
requires more careful assessment. Due to this situation of COVID its student’s job is
to turn into the expert of their own educational process and to turn to be progressively
independent. (Rondriguez & Cano, 2007).

3.2 Research Question

Whether E-learning has a positive impact on the studies and knowledge gained by the
students in the respective fields in spite of having advanced technological resources, what are
the experiences of students who have no other way but to use the E-learning platform due to
the COVID-19, are there any differences between the pre pandemic and post pandemic
effects on the educational system and the experiences acquired by the students?
 12

CHAPTER 4 HYPOTHESIS
4.1 Hypothesis

This study was developed based on methods of technology implementation of E-

learning systems that are used to analyse student’s attitude on the application and intent of
behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic to influence the use of the E-learning method.
Hypothesis related to this research are as follows:

1. E-Learning is a means of implementing education that can be applied within varying

education models (for example, face to face or distance education) and educational
philosophies (for example behaviourism and constructivism).
2. E-Learning enables unique forms of education that fits within the existing paradigms
of face to face and distance education.
3. Behavioural intention positively affects actual use of E-learning.
4. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of E-Learning among students
undertaking different courses in India.
 13

CHAPTER 5 SCOPE & AREA OF RESAERCH

5.1 Scope & Area of research
In March 2020, governments began implementation of the measures to limit the
spread of the coronavirus, closing schools and moving to distance learning almost overnight.
About 150 countries fully closed their schools, about 10 countries partially closed
them, and another 10 kept schools fully open.12
The situation is changing day by day and more countries are reopening the schools
and for the betterment of the students.
E-learning is a vast and necessary in the COVID-19 era. So, the study of the subject is
also global in nature and the scope of the present research is very vast and universal in nature.
However, due to lack of time and limitation on the availability of resources at the hand, the
Researcher intends to study only the impact on the students from the analytical perspective. 13
Most of the analysis will be in the interest of India and also comparison between some
countries will be conducted.

12
https://data.unicef.org/resources/one-year-of-covid-19-and-school-closures/.
13
https://data.unicef.org/resources/resource-topic/covid-19/.
 14

CHAPTER 6 AIMS & OBJECTIVES

6.1 Aims & Objectives

I. To analyse the impact of E-learning, in every university, colleges and schools across
the globe, have implemented the E-learning system during the pandemic on the
opportunities which are not possible to claim.
II. To determine the impact of E-learning on the education system and the practicality of
knowledge acquired from the online platform during the COVID 19.
III. To be able to empathize with the targets of E-learning, recognize some of the key
similarities and differences between in-person education and E-learning, and identify
strategies for dealing responsibly with the same.
IV. To provide a comprehensive report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
online teaching and learning of various papers and indicate the way forward.

6.2 Advantages
There are many advantages of E-learning which is helping the students in their
education as it is the only alternative to education for the time being.

They are as follows:-

i. It promotes active and independent learning.

ii. Efficient way of delivering courses as the resources are available from anywhere and
at any time.

iii. Students can interact with their peers from all around the world through group
discussions and private chats.

iv. The studying material can be accessed unlimited number of times.

 15

v. It increases the effectiveness of knowledge and skills by enabling access to a massive

amount of data, and enhances collaboration, and also strengthens learning sustaining
relationships.

vi. E-learning contributes to increasing student’s skills in using computers.14

6.3 Disadvantages
There are many disadvantages of E-learning affecting the education of the students in
many ways.
They are as follows:-
i. The main drawback of using e-learning is the absence of crucial personal interactions,
not only between students and teachers but also among fellow students.
ii. E-learning may result in the heavy use of certain websites.
iii. It cannot support domains that require practical studies.
iv. Compared to developed countries, it was found that developing countries are facing
many challenges in applying e-learning, including poor internet connection,
insufficient knowledge about the use of information and communication technology,
and weak development.
v. The concepts of E-learning such as video and advanced applications are still new
concepts for many educators, even at the higher education level in developing
countries.
vi. E-learning isolates you from the community by connecting you to your computer for
long periods and can affect the communication skills.

14
https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-online-learning.
 16

6.4 Benefits of E-Learning

E-learning in this era is very useful and has many benefits for the students. These benefits
are given below-

i. E-learning Fully Adjusts to Your Needs-

Online studying is designed to assist everybody’s needs. And the growth of high
technology has led to transformation of how to approach the contents. E.g. newspaper, a book
has all transformed into digital form. Same goes to learning as online classes can be attended
by people who are maintaining a daily job which pursuing education.
They now have the freedom to pick the time and it’s usually on weekends when they have
holiday from their jobs.
ii. Reduced Cost-
One of the biggest use of E-learning it is cost effectiveness. The price reduction is the
outcome of the educational organizations saving tons of money on transport and
accommodation of students and teachers as well.
The need for buying the costly books that causes debt for the students isn’t required. And,
printing is not required of regular material which helps the process of eco-friendly.

iii. Quick Delivery-

Compared to traditional teaching methods, e-learning provides students with a faster
learning delivery. To put it more specifically, learning time is reduced to 30%-60% of what is
usually required.

Online lessons have a quick start and it proceeds straight to the topic, usually ending it in
that same session. This enables E-Learning training’s to begin within couple of week or days.
Students are advancing at their own speed, without the need to accommodate to the group.
Students don’t need to leave their homes thus it saves time on transportation.

Students can make their choices when it comes to the learning material, they can skip
lectures they do not find useful or they were already taking in the past.

iv. E-learning Offers Personalization-

We are all different and there will never be an undivided solution to match
everyone’s needs. That’s why E-learning offers various learning patterns to allow the
students to adapt better to the classes they desire.
 17

Without the burden to pass all the unnecessary courses in the syllabus, the
students are motivated to pursue the education. Learning from the online mode allows
the students to navigate their pace while selecting a path for themselves.

v. E-learning Fully Utilizes Analytics-

Student data is of great importance for the improvement of the study material
and increasing the outcomes of learning. Online learning platforms are shown to be
more productive in gaining the data and studying analysis on it than any other method
known till date. Educational organizations have the chance to identify potential wants
in their courses by obtaining student data on the dropout rate.
They can further carry a new analysis to witness if the implemented changes
make any improvements or it remains the same. The value of education data is vast,
and its full potential is yet to be utilized in the coming future15.

Though there are many benefits of the online learning, on the other hand
it also creating a lot of obstacles for the students during the learning process.

6.5 Obstacles to E-learning

E-learning in this era is very useful but on the other hand it creates obstacles for the
students. These are given below-

i. The lack of the Internet in the faculty to apply E-learning-

Due to the lack of network connection in the underdeveloped regions of the
world where electricity is rarely reached, it is very difficult that they would have the
facility of internet connections. As now a days the education completely depends on
online learning as the students cannot attend the in person classes, it is necessary that
connectivity is present in order to conduct the classes16.
ii. Lack of experience of students with E-learning techniques-

15
https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-online-learning.
16
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2347631120983481.
 18

Some online learners may be reluctant to jump into E-Learning as they don't
have much tech experience. As students have always used the books and notes
provided by the schools for the preparation of the exams and for gaining knowledge
they merely have any knowledge about the online learning platform.
iii. Lack of motivation-
The lack of motivation is one of the most crucial obstacle to E-learning.
Because students aren’t able to have a social life due to the pandemic they are unable
to witness and share with their peers. Peers are the best way for motivating ourselves.
 19

CHAPTER 7 DATA ANALYSIS

7.1 Survey Design

The survey was carried out by distributing MCQ questionnaires to be prepared and
developed: questionnaire for students. The following details were obtained after the
questionnaires were randomly distributed and collected individually by digital means.

The study sample was selected based on the awareness of the size of the population:

A. Student Questionnaire17: The total number of distributed questionnaires was 20

copies. Therefore, the responses being analyzed and studied are 20.

E-learning Platform

13%
25% Zoom Calls
Google Meets
Microsoft Teams

63%

Figure 1: E-learning Platforms

17
Google Forms.
 20

Research has shown that majority of student are directed to use the Google Meets
platform for online learning according to Figure 1. Many universities in India use the above
source as the platform because universities have not yet created their own platform such as
blackboard which is created by universities overseas, to conduct exams and classes online.
India being a developing country universities will possibly create a system like blackboard in
the coming future.

Convenience

20%
30% Yes
No
Somewhat

50%

Figure 2: Convenience of using online platform

Study shows that students are trying to be well acquainted with the sudden use of
online learning. The Figure 2 shows the results that students are not fully comfortable with
the online pattern of studying but are getting used to the new process day by day.
 21

Effect on knowledge

25%
Positive
Negative

75%

Figure 3: Effect of E-learning on students

Results of Figure 3 have proven that the impact of E-learning on the students is 75%
negative.
It means that it has affected the students in many ways such as intake of knowledge has
decreased, psychological effects on students that they are no more confident in themselves as
the social networking between the students has decreased.
 22

Total Hours for lectures

25% 2 Hrs
38% 4 Hrs
5 Hrs

38%

Figure 4 Total Hrs for conduction of lectures

Results from the Figure 4 show that because of the online learning and the time limit allotted
in respective E-learning and communication applications such as Zoom meetings, Google
meetings which is approximately 40-50 minutes for a video call or conference call for one
time. Eg. In Zoom meetings, one conference video call can last for almost 50 minutes at a
time. It make difficult for the teachers to complete the concepts in that 50 minutes. Even
though 50 minutes are quite enough for clearing the concepts but due to some technical errors
and students joining the meeting one at a time can waste the time allotted for learning.
 23

Confidence

1%
25% 50%
75%
100%

75%

Figure 5 Confidence level of students

As the results of the Figure 5 show that students are lacking the confidence they had before
the pandemic and the implementation of online learning. The students were asked if they are
confident that they will perform will in the exams. And the results show that their confidence
level has dropped. And not only the courage for the appearing for the exam has decreased but
also the courage for interacting with people face to face has been also affected.
 24

So the conclusion from the above analysis shows that there is a lot of room for
development of the E-learning platform and that students are for the time being facing many
difficulties but they will get well acquainted with the whole concept in no time, as the
students from this generation are techno savvy and smart.

7.2 Research Tool

Data was collected using self-designed questionnaire which was on the MCQs which were
concerned for the Impact of the online learning in all perspectives of student education during
the COVID-19.
 25

CHAPTER 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

8.1 Research Methodology

The present research will be Doctrinal Research. The present research intends the
following legal research models-

8.1.1 Descriptive model

The research will state the concepts, scope, objectives of E-learning and also the ways
to improve this kind of educational platform for betterment of the students.

8.1.2 Impact analysis model

This research analyses the impact of E-learning on the youth and the repercussions of
the same on the study and knowledge acquired in general.
 26

8.2 Type of Data

The present research will use Secondary data which is available from various books
written by authors and from articles published regarding the issues related to impact of online
learning on education, online journals available on the web, and online resources of websites
of Wikipedia, Google scholar, etc.
Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire for exploring factors that affect
the acceptance and use of e-learning as a learning platform among the students.
A qualitative study was conducted using virtual focus group discussions
simultaneously with the help of a discussion guide consisting of eleven MCQs.
Overall, 20 students were recruited from India, United Kingdom, USA, etc. Students
participated in group discussions. All questionnaires and discussions were used to analyse the
comparison and similarity of the data.
 27

CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDATION
9.1 Recommendations

Teachers and students are suggested continuous faculty development to show the
results. The recommendation is reduction in mental burden and increase the interactions
during online teaching. Those in clinical years are suggested ways to start online case based
learning.

On the other hand, some were also of the opinion that there should be revision classes
after the COVID-19 pandemic is under control. To achieve quality, buying premium software
and other proctoring software to detect cheating and plagiarism is suggested.This may
prevent fraud and cheating during the online examinations.

No of COVID-19 cases are decreasing worldwide. Taken that into account

universities and schools should be opened as soon as possible. Along with that social
distancing method should be strictly implemented to prevent any more cases to be detected.
Classes should be divided into batches rather than conducting them in whole. In this way
social distancing can be maintained.

E.g. If class contains 100 students, batch of 25-30 students should be formed in order to
follow the rules of COVID rather than conducting online lectures.

Along with this, online lectures should be conducted simultaneously for the students who are
non-residents. A mixed learning method like this can be helpful for the students. This will
cover every learner and according to their preference as well.18

18
https://www.regiscollege.edu/blog/online-learning/7-tips-online-learning-during-covid-19.
 28

CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION
10.1 Conclusion
This study highlights the challenges and factors influencing the impact of the use of
E-learning as a tool for teaching and learning on the education of the students during the
pandemic. Thus, it will help to develop a strategic plan for the successful adoption of E-
learning and view technology as a positive step towards evolution and change.
The study on the impact of the COVID -19 on the teaching and learning all across the
globe concludes that even though there are various studies which have been carried, in the
cases of the developing countries, the convenient platform for the different classes like higher
education show the need to be explored further more. Though there are some cons to the
implementation of E-learning, there are improvements been made to successfully use the
online platform without any frauds. The development in being witnessed and in the coming
future the E-learning platform if needed to be used as the only mode of education due to the
pandemic, can be implemented with great improvements and with no space to make any
arguments on the same.
In this sense, the pandemic is also a call to renew the commitments to the Sustainable
Development Goals. Making sure that all young people have the opportunity to succeed at
school and develop their knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that will allow them to
contribute to society is at the global agenda for our future society. The current crisis has
tested our ability to deal with large-scale interruptions. It is presently dependent upon us to
work as its inheritance to create stronger society.
29
 30

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 APPENDICES
Appendix-1
Model Questionnaire
This questionnaire is intended to collect data regarding the research. Due to COVID-
19 education has changed dramatically with the distinctive rise of E-learning, whereby
teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms.

Despite the importance of E-learning, it also brings drawbacks to some extent. This
survey aims to discuss the impact of E-learning on the knowledge and studies among
students. The questionnaire is MCQs pattern.

(1)On which platform are the online lectures conducted?

o Google meet
o Zoom calls
o Microsoft Teams

(2) For how many hours are the lectures conducted?

o 2 Hours
o 4 Hours
o 5 Hours

(3) Is E-learning platform convenient for understanding the concepts taught in the classes?

o Yes
o No
o Somewhat

(4) How do you think E-learning is affecting your studies and knowledge?

o Positive
o Negative

(x)
(5) In what way is E-learning affecting your experiences?

o Positive
o Negative

(6) How is it for you to connect to the internet to access your schoolwork?

o Difficult
o Easy

(7) Are you getting all the help from your teachers you need with your schoolwork?

o Yes
o No
o Maybe

(8) If you are participating in distance learning, how often do you hear from your teachers
individually?

o Always
o Sometimes
o Never

(9) How sure are you that you can do well in exams because of E-learning?

o 50 %
o 75%
o 100%

(10) Are you adapted with the whole E-learning concept which is the only mode to attend the
classes due to the pandemic?

o Yes

(xi)
o No

(xi)
 o Not fully

(11) How difficult or easy is it for you to use the distance learning tools (video calls, learning
applications, etc.)? (Short answer)

(xii)