NED University of Engineering and Technology

Computer and Information System Engineering

OEL REPORT

USAID ASIF(CS-072)

SUBMITTED BY: RAFAY BAIG(CS-060)

ABDUL BARI(CS-069)

SUBMITTED TO: MS MAHEEN MAZHAR

COURSE NAME AND CODE: BASIC ELECTRONICS (EL-103)

DATED: 11th JULY 2022

TOPIC:
Automatic Dark detector LDR project using Comparator Op-Amp on breadboard.

INSTRUMENTS USED:
 A breadboard and some connecting wires
 2 resistors of values(10kohm,220ohm)
 LDR (Light-Dependent Resistor)
 A 9V battery with jack
 10kohm Potentiometer
 LM358 Op-Amp
 White LED

WORKING:
The LM358 IC is comparing voltage coming from 10 K Potentiometer and LDR. The
potentiometer is used to set a reference voltage at the inverting terminal (IC Pin 2) of
the comparator; it is used to adjust the LDR sensitivity.
When there is light (it can be of torch, sun and etc.) the LDR shows less resistance. In
this condition, the input voltage at the non-inverting terminal (IC Pin 3) is less than the
inverting terminal (IC Pin 2) of the IC. So the IC output (Pin1) is Low which will cause
LED to remain off.
When there is dark then LDR shows comparatively more resistance and now the input
voltage at the non-inverting terminal (IC Pin 3) is greater than the inverting terminal
(IC Pin 2) of the IC. So the IC output (Pin1) is high which will cause LED to glow.

PROCEDURE:
 Place LM358 IC on breadboard.
 Connect a 10kohm potentiometer with inverting pin of the LM358 IC.
 Node point of 10K ohm resistor and LDR is connected at its non-inverting terminal
(IC Pin-3).
 Connect a 220ohm resistor and LED with output pin of the IC in series.
 Make proper connections using connecting wires.
 In the last connect positive terminal of battery with IC pin 8 and negative terminal
with ground pin (Pin4).
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

USES OF DARK DETECTOR LDR:

This Circuit is very cost effective, components are easily available and it has number of
uses some are as under:
 This circuit can act as an emergency light in case of power cut.
 We can design it as Automatic system for street light controlling, through which we
can reduce energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are
not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier
before sunset.
 It can also be designed to ON and OFF any appliance by detection of light and dark
and etc.