SB3h.

1 A family pedigree

The cards below show members of a family. Some members of the family have a disorder caused
by a recessive allele ‘b’.
1 Cut out the cards and use the clues to construct a family pedigree chart.
2 Fill in the missing names and genotypes.
3 Shade in the circles and squares to match the phenotypes in the key.

Clues KEY
Brian has two sons (both bb) and a daughter called Esme (BB). David and
Robert are Tracey’s sons. All three are homozygous for the normal allele. Unaffected
male
Gavin (Bb), whose mother is June, married Tracey and they have two sons.
Kirit has a daughter with Beth, called Tara. Tara is homozygous for the Unaffected
recessive allele. female
Robert married Trish (Bb) and they had two sons, John and Michael. Tara’s
brothers are Yash (BB) and Grant (Bb). Male with the
Terry and June are both homozygous and have three heterozygous children – disorder
Gavin, Beth and Brian.
Terry (BB) is Spencer’s grandfather. Brian is Spencer’s father. Tyrrell is Brian’s Female with
partner. the disorder

BB bb Bb

Dabi Brian Beth

Bb BB bb

Esme Kirit

BB BB Bb

Tara

BB BB

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 More genetic diagrams
SB3h.2 Strengthen

Name Class Date

1 a Diane has the genotype Kk. How many copies of the dominant allele does she have? Tick one.

• none • one • two • three

b What is a genotype like this called? Tick one.

• heterozygous • homozygous • dominant • phenotypic

c What alleles will Diane’s gametes contain?

• K and K • K and k • k and k • neither K nor k

d Richard has the same genotype as Diane. Complete the

Punnett square to show the different combinations of alleles
that their children could have.
e How many of the offspring should have a dominant allele?

f The disorder PKU is caused by the recessive allele k. What is

the ratio of offspring without PKU to offspring with PKU?

g What is the probability that a child of Richard and Diane’s will

not have PKU? Answer using a percentage and a decimal.

S1 Look at diagram D in SB3h Inheritance in the Student Book. Draw a Punnett square for Richard and
Diane.
S2 Work out the probability that a child of theirs will have PKU. Show all of your working.

4 The diagram on the right

shows a family pedigree
chart for a genetic disorder
caused by a recessive
allele.
a In Gordon and Gwen’s
children, what is the
ratio of unaffected
children to children with
the disorder?

b Which of Mark’s
grandparents is
homozygous?

c What is Gordon’s
genotype?

d What sex
chromosomes does
Gordon have?
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 More genetic diagrams
SB3h.2 Strengthen

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 Peas and people
SB3h.3 Extend

Name Class Date

1 To answer question E1 below, a student has drawn out the diagram.

a What is a diagram like this called?
b Will plant A have green pods?
c On the diagram the student has correctly given the
genotype of plant A as GG. How has the student worked
this out from question E1?
d What is the genotype of plant B, which has yellow pods?
e What percentage of the offspring are predicted to be Gg?
f As a decimal, what is the predicted probability of an
offspring plant having green pods?
g Draw a similar diagram to show what would happen if two of
those offspring were bred.
h What is the ratio of the genotypes in this second crossing?
i What is the ratio of the phenotypes in this second crossing?
j What is the predicted probability of one of these offspring plants having green pods?
E1 The pea plant gene for unripe pod colour has two alleles: G (green pods) and g (yellow pods). Two
homozygous plants are crossed (bred together), one with green pods and one with yellow pods. Two of
the offspring are crossed. Work out the probability that an offspring plant from this second crossing will
have yellow pods. Show all of your working.
5 Huntingdon’s disease (HD) is caused by a dominant allele H. It causes
people to develop uncontrollable jerky movements of the body and limbs in
Unaffected
adulthood. Carl is heterozygous for the allele that causes HD, whereas his
male
wife (Gracie) is healthy. They have three children, Jack, Flora and Mark.
Their two sons both have HD; their daughter does not. Mark marries Susan
(who does not have HD). They have two children, Emma and Simon. Unaffected
female
a Use the symbols in the key to construct a family pedigree chart to
show this information.
Male with HD
k Flora marries Adam. They have four children. What percentage of
those children would you expect to be boys? Explain your reasoning.
Female with
l Calculate the probability that Simon has HD.
HD

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 Looking at inheritance
SB3h.4 Homework 1

Name Class Date

1 a Complete the Punnett square on

the right to show how sex is determined in
humans.
b What percentage of children do you expect
will be girls? Explain your answer.

c What do the letters X and Y represent?

d What are the names of the male and female

human gametes ?

1 Some pea plants have yellow peas and others

have green peas. The allele for yellow (Y) is
dominant.
a Complete the Punnett square to show
the possible combinations of alleles in the
offspring when two pea plants are crossed.
m What is the ratio of yellow peas to
green peas in the offspring?

n What is the probability that one of the

offspring plants will have yellow peas?

2 A genetic disorder called MCADD can cause people to feel sick and have fits if they do not eat for a long
period of time. The disorder is caused by a recessive allele (d). The family pedigree chart below shows how
this disorder has been passed down in one family.
a Give the name of a male who is homozygous for the dominant allele. _________________________
o The shading has been done correctly for the males but not for the females. On the diagram, shade in
the females who have MCADD.
p State the genotypes of: Gary _____________ Jerry ____________ Henry __________________
q Calculate the probability that another child of Gary and Ling’s would have MCADD. ______________

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 Thinking about inheritance
SB3h.5 Homework 2

1 A genetic disorder called MCADD can cause people to feel sick and have fits if they do not eat for a long
period of time. The disorder is caused by a recessive allele (d). The family pedigree chart below shows how
this disorder has been passed down in one family.
a Give the name of a male who is homozygous for the dominant allele.
r Draw a copy of the chart. The shading has been done correctly for the males but not for the females.
On your copy of the chart, shade in the females who have MCADD.
s What is Gary’s genotype?
t What is Jerry’s phenotype?
u What is Henry’s genotype?

v Copy the Punnett square on the right and

complete it to predict the range of possible
possible
genotypes if Gary and Ling were to have another
gametes
child.

w What is the ratio of the different genotypes of the offspring in your Punnett square?
x What is the ratio of the different phenotypes of the offspring in your Punnett square?
y Calculate the probability that another child of Gary and Ling’s would have MCADD.
z Why would none of Pepe and Sonya’s children have MCADD?
3 Birds have Z and W sex chromosomes. The females are ZW and males are ZZ.
a Draw a Punnett square to explain why about half of all birds that hatch are male.
aa Apart from the names of the chromosomes, how is this system different to human sex determination?
4 Pea plants have yellow pods or green pods. The green characteristic is dominant.
a Draw a Punnett square for crossing a heterozygous pea plant with a homozygous recessive pea plant.
Choose your own letters for the alleles.
bb What is the probability that an offspring plant has the green pod phenotype?

Extra challenge
5 Peas (inside pea pods) can be round or wrinkled, and green or yellow. The round allele (R) is dominant and
so is yellow (Y). Work out the probability of a pea plant offspring having green, wrinkled peas if both parents

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 Thinking about inheritance
SB3h.5 Homework 2

have the genotypes RrYy. You will need to draw a Punnett square with enough rows and columns to fit four
types of gamete for each parent plant.

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 SB3h Progression Check

Name Class Date

Progression questions
Answer these questions.
1 How is the sex of offspring determined in humans?

6 How do we use genetic diagrams, Punnett squares and family pedigrees to show inheritance?

7 How are the probable outcomes of offspring phenotypes calculated, using information about alleles?

Now circle the faces in the ‘Start’ row in the table showing how confident you are of your answers.

Question 1 2 3

Start

Assessment
Using a different colour, correct or add to your answers above. You may need to use the back of this sheet or
another piece of paper. Then circle the faces in the ‘Check’ row in the table.

Question 1 2 3

Check

Feedback
What will you do next? Tick one box.

• strengthen my learning • strengthen then extend • extend

Note down any specific areas you need to improve.

Action
You may now be given another activity. After this, note down any remaining areas you need to improve and
how you will try to improve in these areas.

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