EXAMINATION COUNCIL

OF ZAMBIA
GEOGRAPHY

FIELD PROJECT REPORT

TITLE:

THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF POOR WASTE DISPOSAL IN ZANIMOUNE COMPOUND

BY

LYDIA PHIRI

EXAMINATION NUMBER

180700730194

© ECZ 2022

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, I would like to extend my gratitude and thanks to my supervisor at School for his guidance
and support throughout the process of this field report.

Secondly, I am indebted to thank my other family and parents for their support and financial
assistance for me to carry out this project successfully. Their efforts, love and prayers have
significantly contributed to this work.

May God bless them all!

(i)

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 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to my father, mother, sister and my little brother for their tireless support and
daily prayers which made me to accomplish this work successfully.

(ii)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknolwledgement..................................................................................................................i

Dedication...............................................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background of study........................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Location of the study area.................................................................................................. 7

1.2 Aim .................................................................................................................................... 8

1.3 Objectives............................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Methodology.......................................................................................................................9

2.1 Sampling techniques...........................................................................................................9

2.2 Data collection....................................................................................................................9

2.3 Instrumentation...................................................................................................................9

2.4 Data Analysis......................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Data presentation...........................................................................................................10-11

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................12-14

CHAPTER FIVE 5.0

Conclusion..........................................................................................................................15

5.1 Recommendations..............................................................................................................15

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Evaluation .........................................................................................................................16
6.1.Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................16
6.2.References/Appendices

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 TITLE OF THE REPORT
THE CAUSES AND THE EFFECTS OF POOR WASTE DISPOSAL IN ZANIMOUNE COMPOUND

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction
The research will outline the causes of poor management in zanimuone dumpsite. Waste is
defined as the methods used to prevent production of more waste. It also involves collecting the
waste at the right time.
Waste can be classified in two categories which are municipal solid waste and industrial waste.

waste

Non –Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste

Industrial waste Municipal waste

Radioactive waste

Organic waste

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Back ground of the study

Zanimoune dumpsite is the place where waste in the city is being disposed off. Improper
management of waste affects the health of the population living nearby the polluted area waste
disposal workers and others in these landfill facilities are at a greater risk exposure to improperly
handled waste cause blood infections respiratory problem and leads to cancer.

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 1.2 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Waste management has been poorly handled in over the past years. Compounds are very dirty
because of uncollected waste, the community has little knowledge on the environment effects of
uncollected waste. Disposing of the waste products leaves much to be desired especially to human
health care.

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 AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to find out the causes of waste management on the human health.

Objectives

 To identify the main source of solid waste management in zanimoune.

 To investigate the methods of gaseous waste disposal in zanimoune.

 To identify the effects of waste on the environment and the possible solutions to the
problem of poor gaseous management in zanimoune.

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLIGY
The research employed both qualitative and quantitative research method. The research
instruments are based on collecting data of questionnaires and interview schedules along with
observation.

2.1 SAMPLING TECNIQUES

Sampling technique was used to choose people to be interviewed in this research product, the
study area was observed and interviewed. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the
eight(8) random selected local people living in zanimoune.

2.2 DATA COLLECTION

Primary sources from books sources were used in collection of data.

The researcher also visited the areas under study to collect data using questionnaires and interviews
through observations on the area of study.

2.3 INSTRUMENTATION

The study utilized a number of instruments which include the smart phones, interview question
guide, observation sheets, pens and note books. The pen, pencils and note books were used in
jotting downs data and sketching of the townships. Smart phones were used in taking photos,
showing campus directions and used for time checking. Observation sheets and questionnaires were
used to indicate comments on sub-themes.

2.4 DATA ANALYSIS

Much of the collected data was qualitative and quantitative and thus it was first summarized and
sorted then analysed using pie charts, tables and bar graphs.

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 CHAPTER THREE

DATA COLLECTION
3.0 DATA PRESENTATION

3.1 Sources of waste in zanimoune

3.1.1 Shows respondents by the residents of zanimoune on the sources of waste.

Plastic bags Tree leaves Food substances Mineral salts

14% 25% 16% 35%

3.1.2 Chart showing sources of waste

Sales

Tree branches
25%

mineral salt
35%
food substances
16%

Plastic
bas
14%

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3.2 showing responses from the council officials on the waste collection

YES NO UNDECIDED
Do we have solid IIIII IIIIII I NIL
waste in zanmoune
Are solid-waste IIII IIII III II
dumped regularly in
this area?
Are solid waste IIII II III
measures put in place
by the local authority
to crub?

3.3 Respondents from officials from council on the methods of waste disposal

Questions Responses
1. What are the methods of solid waste disposal Burning
in zanimoune. Treating the waste
Recycling as manure
Burying the waste

3.3.1 Chart showing the methods of waste disposal by the local authorities and the challenges
they face.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Source of waste

The findings reviewed that the main source of waste are generated from household such as garden
waste generally consisted of tree branches, leaves and grass. On the other hand resident’s within the
middle but particularly in the low cost neighbourhoods depended to have more soil in their garden
waste resulting from sweeping around their yards.

4.1.1Main waste generated

The survey showed that sweeping papers, food and cardboard were the main waste generated in
the commercial area. On average through the mean weight of waste generated per day for the 12
was 4.75kg.

However the main types of waste respondents included clothes, vegetables and fruits, dry food such
as beans, jewellery, flowers, groceries, cosmetics, wood products, electrical hardware and audio
tapes.

4.2 Methods of waste disposal in residential areas

The same of the measures put in place by the both Lusaka and chibombo councils to control to
control waste can be put in four categories, dumping on communal heap in the outskirts of the town
throwing in deep pits, burning the waste and burying.

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(a) Collection of waste in bins and plastics to ferry to dump sites

The councils regularly encourage people in the community to throw waste I bins or refuse bags or in
communal heaps then thy collect waste to dump sites where they daily visit to collect or
burning/bury waste and in instances recycling some.

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(b) Burning

The waste that cannot be treated or recycled can be destroyed through burning. At home burning of
waste takes place at dumping at sites in commercial centres, incineration method can be used to
burn the solid waste effectively without polluting the environment. The waste materials are reduced
to ashes. Some of the waste cannot be used completely such as plastic bags, papers and organic
matters and burnt.

(C) Involving private companies and community members in waste collection

Lusaka city council has been making efforts to improve the situation of solid waste management and
it does this with the help of participatory framework from various private companies .They also
teach and sensitise community members and various stakeholders on concepts of solid waste
management (e. g re-use, recycling), safety and health of informal waste pickers sometimes referred
to as sea vengers e.t.c

(d)Solid waste recycling

The study has identified that much of the waste can recovered, recycled from the waste .For
instance some waste identified can be classified as 40% recycled 23% compostable 12% potentially
compostable 19% other using this information the council plans categories wastes and put recycled
or potentially recyclable range of waste from paper and other miscellaneous items and recycle
them .

4.3 Environmental effect of waste

(a) Ambient air pollution

The waste concentration of pollute ambient air. Concentration of pollutants in ambient air is high in
some places waste odour and gas produced in the dumping grounds pollutes the environment.

(b)Land pollution (soil quality)

Wastes concentrated in dumping areas showed predominantly less or no plant life in these areas.
This means that wastes contaminate some form of plant life. The area nearer to the dump with
heavy metals concentration in soil and soil acidity do not support plant. This means that the soil
becomes too acidic and hence cannot support plant life.

(c)Water pollution

Water from a near-by dump sites and streams becomes contaminated. This result of wastes is that
they contaminate water whose direction plum path over the compounds and as people use or
consume the water their health are negatively affected (who 2012.)

(d)Increase in airborne and waterborne diseases and deaths of wildlife

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Wastes negative affect the environment leading to an increase in airborne and waterborne diseases
and deaths of wildlife. Diseases such as cholera and other diarrhoea diseases are prone in poorly
wastes managed areas wildlife and animals as well as human beings become affected by waste.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION

5.1 Conclusion

This study has established that waste disposal, the collection, processing and recycling or deposition
of the waste materials of human society .Waste is classified by source and composition .Broadly
speaking, waste materials are either effects on human health or the environment.

Some forms of solid and liquid waste are classified as hazardous because they are toxic reactive,
ignitable, corrosive infectious or radioactive. Toxic waste is essentially chemical waste from
industrial, chemical or biological processes that can cause injury or death when it is either ingested
or absorbed by the skin.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

1 The residents should be encouraged to composite the waste. Some of which can be sold as garden
manure.

2 There is great potential for recycling and composting of waste because a consideration amount of
waste is generated with a small geographical area which is centrally located.

3 Environmental education is needed to target various community members on the implementation

of the various waste disposal methods.

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 CHAPTER SIX

6.0 EVALUATION

This study has drawn clear conclusions about the various methods of waste disposal in zanimoune
dump site. A number of evaluation points can be made worth concluding that although this was so
much more which could be investigated.

Different groups of people have very strong views gentrification and it is hoped that this piece of
work provides on impartial outsiders view on its nature.

6.1 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

People responded in a rude way.

The researcher was being insulted when interviewing questionnaires.

Some respondents who were selected were illiterate to the extent that they could neither read nor
write on the questionnaires thus researcher had to read and write on their behalf.

Time was also inadequate and this encounter did not allow the researcher to build a strong report
with the research community.

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References

Environmental council of Zambia and Lusaka city council (ECZ) and (LCC) (1997).Solid waste master
plan project for the city of Lusaka phase/Diagnosis final report.

Google

Kiely, G (1997). Environmental Engineering BCaraw hill, London

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 Appendix I

QUESTIONNAIRE

(FOR OFFICIALS FROM MINISTY OF TOURISM)

Q BACKGROUND INFORMATION
No
.
1 Gender of the respondent
Male Female
2. How long have you worked in this ministy
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3. What is the major occupation of most people in zanimoune?
waste Guides
Teachers
Nurse or Doctors
Farmers
Self- employment

Others specify………………………………………………….
4. What is your monthly income

less than K500

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 K500 to K1,000
K1,000 to K2,000
K2,000 to K5,000
More than K5,000
5. Do you socially benefit from waste management activities in this area?
Yes No Don’tknow
Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
recreation services such as sports
6.
Kindly explain how waste management contributes to the Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………..………...
INTERVIEW SHEET (COMMUNITY MEMBERS)
Q BACKGROUND INFORMATION
No
.
1 Gender of the respondent
Male Female
2. How long have you lived in this township
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3. What is your occupation
waste Guide
Teacher
Nurse or Doctor
Farmer
Self- employment

Others specify………………………………………………….
4. What is the importanc of waste management in zanimoune
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Do you socially benefit from waste management activities in this area?
Yes No Don’tknow

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 Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
recreation services such as sports
6.
Kindly explain how waste management contributes to the Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………..………...

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