Leaching

Bauxite Bauxite eonsists mainky of aluminium hydaoxidie.

in
Tere are 3 tfpes of aluminium hyoaoxide present
bauxit e, whieh are -

aibbsite, bohnmit à diaspove.

Solubiit
n Nod so
129 nselub
Gtibbsite Bohmite Diaspor
Foa muka AR COH)3 ARooH AROOH

AlO ,0 1:3 11 11

Densit (k/R) 2.42 3:01 3.44

HardneSs 2 -3 3-4 G-7
Temp of dchgdsotiox 15 ' e 350'C 45oC
g omposition of a tz pieal bauzite :

AO3 40 6O
Fe,O3 2 25 /
1 1.

T:O 1 5
Ca0+ Ma0 O.2 -0.6
Loss on ignition-10-30

ajer process for leachina

and
Crushed bauite is washedf'rst to vemove clay
then ried in a rotar kikn. Drying is * essen tiak
to arinding, dos troj organie matter and oxid/2 e
facili tate
ferrout mineral to fërie.
Leaching, bauxite veadidissolves in Hso%.Te reaation
with aceid isett accelerated bj operating in an'autoeka-
tha
-ve. Ba sie aluminium sulfate is obtained from
under pre ssure and is
Reaehina solution by hyd7okysis
then edlein e d to pure Al03. The folkosng veaetron
 Bauxite

Cshinga
Washingl

NaOH
Gvinding
JNa OH
Leae hin
make-P
Setting Sand
Wste
Dilution
ThiekenerRed mud

Fltraton Red mud

Seed Peve Al,O

Washing»Caleination
eeipitation

Firation

Evaporation

Solid mpurities
Centitua s

Recyele
bauxite
Fi: Bayer proeess for teatreating
in eaeking AlCoH)'+ NaoH ANa [AltOH4
Oe eurs -

is ea7rie d out in a
'

milo steel auto clave.{Baunites

-leacking
leaehed at a lo Wer tempe rature
Containing aíLbsi te
are
shorter tima
with a o Na0H eon eent>ation
and for a

and diasporl There must

tathan compared to boh wte
to compaom/se bebeen
ptimum o 2onoenlaa tign
e an o
aestsn time and the su bsequwent operaton.

Lt Uanium ores
Uranium oves are the only oxide ores that v equive
an ozidizing agent for 'tlair leaehing. Te mast impor tant
and
Yanium mne Tals are pit pítekblende CUOg)
uraninite Cuo,),

L Uvanium re cover
1.From 2old oTe

Grold o7e

4 ining+Wasking Drina
rin
NaCH+Cap-Cyanidation i n e dust

Grold
Fitration Preepitabion
|
CarroEtTon
. Residue containing
11. uo g
.
0.01-

aing MnOLeachi|

FiltrationTon exekang Uanie

recove
|manufae
H,s04 ture

Roasbnl1 Py-te ftraton

Pt
Tailing

ores
vanium secove"y trom old
Fa'
2. From pitêhblende
Prtehblen de consttuent
Concentrate

Wet 7inding|
H SO4+
Mno
Leaain 1
2 hs 20C4-

Radium
Preeipitation

Fitraion Solids, Pbso4, RaSO4, Ag el, Basa

Nautvalizaton
pH 10

Fitration ALloH)3, FelDH

Parifieation
Fltyation Soli'ds, PbS, As,S3

Pare uvardalution
carbonati s olution

hblenode
Uaniumreeo ven tTom pite
ig'

L a hing : Lea ehing is the process of extraeting a

colubl esnsttuent rom a s olid y

means
of a

from wood, me ta
solven t. Ezample, Lianin extrae Eion
t y á c t i o n fam
oTes ete.

ohojoe
o a leaeking agent.
- t FagAovs affecting
t
oaeaching agent depens)
on

Te ekoick
foAlowíng faeters -

ehemeal
oharaeteris tyes of t a
1. Phasieal &
materfal to be leaahes,
2. Cost o tle xea7Rnt.

., Cors oding aetion ot tha reagen t .

A. Seleetivity for tle Jacired aons tituent to be

eaehe d.
to bR en@rated, suck as in te leacbing of 2n0 b7
5. Ab:Lty vegane
H,S04te acid is egenazattd duning ekectolsis.

a Sectiitg of tia aacling igent /Kate of teachng/ Tco

e- 19)
ofleatling: (a Tn some cafes,

1. Concentration ncreasjng the coneem tation, r s

har t t l e effeet ta
fleaching agent
t i de si72d mineral. 3it in mast eafes incrcafin
on

leaeing ot r So CaseS
t Conc: f ltochng ag1nt , încrorër Leaohirgav
has t t k
2. mperature Ine reasjn1 the temperature
inereasing the etfiejenez
effeet on
tta desive nivLra. Buteaching
of leaching of hereasey with inc rtajins timp
tha
contaet betuedn
3. Contaet penod: Etended
results n an ineveas ed
cokvent and t ori
tm sofu tion,
in
Amouht 0 i m
puritres
tielR site, t t e
Smaler t par
4. Particli si?e: L 2eate7 t
suvfaa area ans t
Rarg e r t
r a t e of leaeking.
internediate produet
I f tL
5. Tnterme diate pro duet, 1f
rate of aehing w i n e rease,
porous, us, then t i s n o t pozous, then
tne
intermeate poduct
te not Inere.
wiM
rate o leac ing
LLea ching aents
The folow ina eacbing agenti a7e most esmmon
use

aWater, Water alont is use d tor Re.alurg

0aleines praduced sb sulfating ov ebler odi Ein
70Asting
ReO7s o 0 HRe O4
)Aqutous salt soluton
Fervie sulfate is used for lea ehing' su!fide misnds,
Cu Cu SO4
SAags Fe(so% > va ea t. FesO4 t+S

Nacl is usedf6r leaehing PbsO

Nall t PbS04 NasO4 Pb¬
NaCl tPbCl Na,[PbCl4
Na,S is use fo7 uaehing su0fida minerals
Na, S+Sb S3 $ NalSb3
(C) Aeids Hso4is t e mest impovtant liseing ayen t
nO tA,SO4

Bases: NaoH is usedor isolin djssolving Al

om bauxites.
problem.
-Negig'bll e oro Jion
Most Suitable or ores, con taining carbonate anga
Advsat
More sekeetTVI, inoa Ion oxjdes a i n o t be seache d
Lh Methods amo egtuipmen ti
te Common
metteds ured 1or
TL& followings a e

Qeae ing

1. Leaeing in plsee Tu's methed of leacuing i

tos low inarade
used for Cu
for ores
wie are

S. Tue
ansd tranipor tation exptnre
to jus tity mining and leaelud in plaer
0TRS a7e impls hattered thed makes
iod of tine, Tus m
ver a ong per t
of iaon sulfides in
tapresenok
use of
use
of air &
under ti comb?nea c t i o n
0TRS, whieh to form fRrrie sukfate
unmo oida
tion
water
w a t e r un

2. Heap or dump leacuin9: An aYRa of 300 by 4ooft

with a Kaa 6f asphalt,
layer of
iseveled an coveré
îs then dumped dn t e sit Ly
Low
Low gade o ve sprAye a t
trueks. Ejther water 07 HSO4
dLmp sokution is
tia leac
top of dumP an
tt
t t e t bottom tue heap.
of tui
o l e e t e d in's
tream at
SUe fov uranium oTes
f ne thod
mateak to
Vat lmacbing The
3, Pereokation o7

tank with a falsa

ih a
hed is pkaeed
be eac
aovered
me dium, Tha
wtth a filterin g

the top sf the tank ans

bottom
sadde d at
solvent material
pereolate turOuzh t he .

allowed to P countercuraent system.

in a
avt usual
The tan ks Cu X uranjum
used for0ls,
Tss
metle s
D7S.
 Prk Te leaehwng
with agitation
4.Plp ltaouing ble pulp $s
t l e pudp
gentis addod to aecompkih
tinueusly, Aaitation ma be
tated eon
-e
( Mechanicaliy divev ppadles
)Comprksseair
Combined asr and me chanical agi tation
Gri) e n t b
be done in a ,singestge or {
PuRp leacuing may
2 Stn5,
eoninuous
TE be batt batah er
maz
Single stage
PTOeess
Water
Oves to waste
CAAcing- LeaelingF:Rtration Wasking ResidueL
agen
Solutisn for
producf reeovery
Fia: Batek prbeey
Water
Ores- Resisue to uast
Leaeki eaching FiLtratont Washina
ent
SLution for
PToduet recove Ty
Fia Continuous Process
Leahin.
Two stage Ores
Fivststagk Second sthg
filtration | Filtration
Residu to
Poer
olution warte
 aneenbra-
H o t digestion Tui's metLod vaquires hiah
V-ted solution and kiah temperature, The digeste
and s
is an open vesj el , erternayheated
operated bateh
hwise.
material is dampened wth
Aci eur ing T tra-
40-/. meis t u r e , Then coneen
to bout
water
Cate a
d tte m a t e i l
is lefte
teHsO4 is added oan
bake d by
bin or pile or is
t in d cue
TA
pukped witu
wat e r ,
heating. Tt is tlen fIl tratio.
tration.
sokution s the seperated by ftl
pregnant
Pressure lealhing
4.eaeking under prefsure
te ollowing two types .
is of tuis cas<, t i k
e
In
CC Tn a bsenei of exjaan
agen t
at a
or
heated with Reaehing
ao
abeveveaetion *at n g point of t
tempeatu
to ackieve
a higher
must be carie sut
solutionn.
r0Tet
s vessil
im a elose
ofoan Here, t a press ua
G) Tn presene
?s due t tue solutio»
in the autocRave
am d o PressuR. Tn tuis case
pressure
eaeuina epends on tlA O,
tte ate of
Pressure and neton the to t
o
Parrttifa
all
Pressuse
 obtain tom ow
se oreS To manganse
Mangane
ti
23ade
ade
oves the ft following yeag en
sed-
1. Suu»ie aeid., (Mn0 3 n soku b L in ilute
HS4,but wLen. >edueed to Mn0, it
dissoves in HSO4. to produes Mn SO,
eadlz
MnO t H sO4 MnS O4 +H20)
Sin c Mn is recovered fro rn tus's sokution
by elec trolj sis, tlan spe tu 1 spent elcetholyte
suc as a leachina.
2. Sulfurous aej d Mn0,rezeadily Aissolves
n Sulgurous aejd t produec MnSO4 4
tuionate.
MnO SO M» SO4
MnO 2 SO Mn SO
T e be bate is tlen hiated n an autoclave,
MnS,O% + 0 *
H0 MnSO4 *H SO4
3,Nitvie aeio The o7e i iven a seoueir g roast
tLL Mn isleacheo with NO The
an
manAares 2
htrate solution js tlen don eentrated
ano dac ompased
to giv Mn0,
MnO is by oone a
4. Ammornia. Theeaehing of
mixture ofmo nium hyoooa/da & ammom.
am
eaybonate,
ed mud Paga