UNIFORM ACCELERATED MOTION (UAM) AND

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS
KINEMATIC EQUATIONS IN HORIZONTAL MOTION

1
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 ∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2

𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎∆𝑥

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS IN VERTICAL MOTION (FREE

FALL)
1
𝑣𝑓𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 + 𝑔𝑡 ∆𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 𝑡 + 2 𝑔𝑡 2
2 2
𝑣𝑓𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 + 2𝑔∆𝑦
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
Classical Mechanics
- The branch of physics involving the motion of an
object and the relationship between that motion and
other physics concepts.

Kinematics
- is a part of mechanics
- In kinematics, you are interested in the
description of motion
- Not concerned with the cause of the motion
Quantities in Motion
- Any motion involves the concepts of
- Position
- Distance and Displacement
- Speed and Velocity
- Acceleration
Position
Defined in terms of a frame of reference
- One dimensional, so generally the x- or y-axis
- Defines a starting point for the motion
- An object is moving if its position relative to a fixed
point is changing.

MOTION IS RELATIVE
- When we describe the motion of one object with
respect to another, we say that the object is moving
SPEED
relative to the other object.
- Galileo is credited as being the first to measure speed
- Although you may be at rest relative to Earth’s surface,
by considering the distance covered and the time it
you’re moving about 100,000 km/h relative to the sun.
takes.
DISTANCE BOTH DISPLACEMENT - The average speed of an object is defined as the total
- refers to the Both have the - refers to the distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed
total length of same unit: straight
Speed is a scalar quantity
path travelled by meters (m) in SI line/shortest
an object. centimeters (cm) path the initial Common unit: m/s
- scalar quantity in cgs and final position Other units: (mi/h) (km/h)
feet (ft) in US of an object. centimeters per day
Customary - vector quantity light-years per century
Dx º xf - xi
 SPEED vs VELOCITY
- Cars on both paths have the same average velocity
since they had the same displacement in the same time
interval
- The car on the blue path will have a greater average
speed since the distance it traveled is larger

VELOCITY
- In physics, velocity is speed in a given direction.
- When we say a car travels at 60 km/h, we are
specifying its speed.
- When we say a car moves at 60 km/h to the north, we
are specifying its velocity.
- velocity is directed speed

Velocity is a vector quantity

Common unit: m/s
Other units: (mi/h) (km/h)
centimeters per day
light-years per century

2 TYPES OF VELOCITY

AVERAGE VELOCITY INSTANTANEOUS

- It is rate at which the
displacement occurs.
- generally, use a time
interval,
so let ti = 0
VELOCITY
- The velocity at any
instant of time.
- A car does not always
move at the same speed.

CHANGING VELOCITY

CHANGING DIRECTION
- A body may move at constant speed along a curved
path but it does not move with constant velocity,
because its direction is changing every instant.

ACCELERATION
- Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity.
- Changing velocity (non-uniform) means an
acceleration is present
Think of this!! - Motion is called Uniformly accelerated motion (UAM)
The speedometer of a car moving northward reads 60 - It is vector quantity
km/h. It passes another car that travels southward at 60 - An object is accelerating whenever there is a change
km/h. in its state of motion.
Common units:
Do both cars have the same speed? Do they have the m/s² (SI)
same velocity? cm/s² (cgs)
ft/s² (US Cust)
CHANGING MAGNITUDE (SPEED)

• Increasing or decreasing magnitude Accelerate in the Accelerate Accelerate at an

direction of against angle to
velocity–speed up velocity–slow velocity–change
down direction
Think of this!!

A car traveling with initial velocity of 20 m/s, east and

change to to 40 m/s, east in 10 seconds.
 Measurement and Physical Quantities
- Measurement is the process of associating numbers
with physical quantities and phenomena.
Examples:

Introduction to General Physics 1

Definition of Physics
- By Latin physica, means ‘science of natural things’.
- Physics is generally defined as the science of matter
and energy.
- Mathematics is the language of Physics

BRANCHES OF PHYSICS
Classical Mechanics VECTORS
- concerning the motion of objects that are large - In Physics, physical quantities can be described by
relative to atoms and move at speeds much slower than their measures and is classified as scalar quantity or
the speed of light vector quantity.
Thermodynamics Scalar Quantity
- dealing with heat, work, temperature, and the - are quantities that are described by their magnitude.
statistical behavior of systems with large numbers of - When a student walks a distance of 25 meters͵ the
particles. quantity is described as to how long is the distance. The
Waves and acoustics magnitude is the how much to describe the distance.
- concerning with the properties of sound - examples: distance͵ area͵ speed͵ mass͵ volume͵
Electromagnetism density
- concerning electricity, magnetism, and
electromagnetic fields. Vector Quantity
Optics - are quantities that described by their magnitude and
- study of the behavior of light and its interaction with direction.
materials - are used to represent things that we cannot see like a
- Quantum Mechanics force exerts or velocity of a moving car.
- Relativistic Mechanics - Vectors can be represented by an arrow. It also uses a
- Quantum field Theory scale in graphical solution.
- (→) is the symbol to represent a vector.
𝑉
Modern Physics
- examples: Force downward͵ velocity of a car moving
east͵ displacement of a pencil thrown upward ͵
acceleration towards the west.
→ When two vectors forming an angle 90 ᵒ with another
𝑽
Arrow tail - To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
– tells the origin of the vector - The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
- Use Pythagorean theorem (R2 = c2 = a2 + b2) to find
Arrow head - Magnitude of the resultant.
– tells the direction of the vector For the direction: use SOHCAHTOA
Length of the Arrow When two vectors form an oblique triangle.
– is the magnitude of the vector - To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
DISTANCE - The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
– It refers to “how much ground an object has covered” - Use cosine and sine law to find the magnitude and
during its motion. direction of the result

DISPLACEMENT
– It is the object overall change in position
∆𝒙 = 𝒙𝒇 − 𝒙𝒊

𝑷𝒚𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎 (𝒕𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓)

THE COMPONENT METHODS
𝑹 = √(𝒂𝒅𝒋)𝟐 + (𝒐𝒑𝒑)𝟐
- is the ordered pair that describes the changes in the x-
and y- values.
Fundamentals in direction with respect to horizontal
- When separating a vector into its component form, we
axis
are essentially creating a right triangle with the vector
being the hypotenuse.
- Use cosine function for x values. Magnitude cosine ϴ
- And Sine function for y values. Magnitude sine ϴ

Rules in Vector addition/subtraction

When two given vectors are acting on the same
direction.
- To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
- Add the magnitude of the two vectors to get the
resultant.
- For the direction͵ use same direction of the given
vectors.
- To find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
- Subtract the magnitude of the two vectors to get the
resultant.
For the direction͵ follow the direction of the larger
magnitude.
 4. When two vectors form an oblique triangle
- The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant.
- Use cosine and sine law to find the magnitude and
direction of the result.

Kinematics
Deals with the study of the description of motion
Ex: vehicles on the road, object dropped from a height,
student walking, LRT train.

Motion
- A continuous change of position with regards to
known point of reference.

Position
- is to represent the object in motion to some point of
reference or starting point.
- Usually the origin of x-axis as the reference point for
motion on a straight line.

Object
- The word object in the discussion is referred to as the
particle in motion that is being studied or analyzed.

Scalar Quantity Distance

- Are quantities that are described by their magnitude. - Is the total length covered for a certain motion on a
Ex: distance, area, speed, mass, volume, density straight line.

Vector Quantity Displacement

Are quantities that are described by their Magnitude - Is the actual change of position of the object in
and direction. motion.
Ex: force downward, velocity of a car moving east, - Indicates the initial and final position of the object and
displacement of a pencil thrown upward, acceleration also a vector quantity.
towards the west. Speed
- Is a scalar quantity that gives the magnitude of how
fast an object is moving.
- Is the ratio of the distance covered and the time to
cover that distance. Common unit in m/s.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Velocity
- Ratio of the displacement of the object and the time
pass in that displacement.
Vector Addition 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
- Resultant is the vector sum of more than one vector. 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
- Although addition is the word use but it is combining Average Velocity
vectors having different magnitude and direction. - Is the ratio of the complete distance covered by the
Rules in Vector Addition object and the total time to complete the distance.
1. When two given vectors are acting on the same Instantaneous Velocity
direction. - The velocity commonly read in the odometer while
- Add the magnitude of the two vectors to get the driving or the velocity at that moment or situation.
resultant.
- For the direction, use same direction of the given Acceleration
vectors. - The rate at which the velocity of the object is
changing.
2. When two vector are acting in the opposite direction. - The word to accelerate or to increase some more
- Subtract the magnitude of the two vectors to get the speed in the motion.
resultant.
- For the direction, follow the direction of the larger Average Acceleration
magnitude. - The ratio of the change in velocity of the object and
the time interval in that change of velocity.
3. When two vectors forming a 90° angle
- The diagonal form by the two vectors is the resultant. 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑎𝑣𝑒. 𝑐𝑐. = =
- Use Pythagorean Theorem to find the magnitude of 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
the resultant.
Instantaneous Acceleration
- Ratio of the change in velocity of the object and the
smallest or shortest time required in that change.

Uniform Accelerated Motion

- When the velocity of an object in motion changes at
constant rate when acceleration is the same as pass by.

Free-falling Motion
- A type of uniform accelerated motion wherein the
acceleration is constant.
- Free-falling bodies move under the action of its own
weight or due to the pull of the Earth’s gravity.

Law of Inertia
- States that a body will remain at rest, and a body in
motion will remain in motion at constant velocity in a
straight line if no force acts on it.
- Inertia is the ability of an object that needs application
of force to change the object’s motion.

Law of Acceleration
- States that the acceleration of a body is directly
proportional to the force acting on it and inversely
proportional with the mass of the body.

Law of Interaction
- States that for every action force, there is an equal and
opposite reaction force.

Relationship of Mass and Weight

- Weight the is the gravitational force with which the
earth attracts the body.
- It is a force of attraction of the earth on a body.
- It means that if you weigh 100lbs, the earth pulls you
down with a force of 100lbs.
- Weight of the body varies with its distance from the
center of the earth.
- Weight is also a force.
- Mass is the quantity of matter in the body and same
everywhere.
- It means that if your mass in Manila is 45kg, your mass
in USA is also 45kg.