INTRODUCTION TO

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Prepared By: Mieraflor C. Estrella
 • differentiate organic from inorganic
compound based on their
properties;
• classify compounds as organic or
inorganic;
OBJECTIVES • trace the historical development of
organic chemistry; and
• appreciate the contribution of each
scientist in the development of
organic chemistry.
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WHAT IS
CHEMISTRY?
• Chemistry is the branch of
science that deals with matter, its
composition, its structure, and its
property.
• Organic Chemistry plays a very
important role in the field of
medicine, engineering, agriculture
and other related fields.
• It is the study of compounds that
contains carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
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 Organic Compound
vs.
Inorganic Compound
• Also known as the element of life.
• The carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
and even our DNA are organic
compounds.
In fact, there are about millions of
organic compounds.
• It is possible because of the unique
characteristic of the carbon atom,
having four valence electrons, and
its ability to bond to itself and to
other non-metallic elements.
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PROPERTIES OF
ORGANIC AND
INORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
 PROPERTY ORGANIC INORGANIC
SOLUBILITY
Soluble in water and
ability to be Insoluble in
also insoluble in some of
dissolved in a given water
the organic solutions
solvent
VOLATILITY
tendency of a
substance to More volatile Nonvolatile in nature
evaporate at normal
temperature
FLAMMABILITY
Highly
ability to support Nonflammable
flammable
combustion
 PROPERTY ORGANIC INORGANIC
Poor conductor of
CONDUCTIVITY
heat and Good conductor of heat
ability to easily
electricity in most and electricity in aqueous
conduct heat and
of aqueous solutions
electricity
solutions
MELTING POINT
temperature at which High melting point
Low melting point
it changes state from
solid to liquid
BOILING POINT
temperature at which Low boiling
it changes state from point
High melting point
liquid to gas
Ancestors used
extracts of
plants and
animals as
medicines.
HISTORY OF
Chemistry
ORGANIC
• In the early 1800’s he defined
organic chemistry as a branch
of modern science.
• classified chemical compounds
into two main groups: organic,
if it can be derived from living
organisms, and inorganic, if
they originated from mineral or
nonliving things.

JON JACOB BERZELIUS

 • In 1816 he investigated the
composition of oils and
fats.
• He explained clearly the
reaction of saponification
and started to study
soaps made from various
fats and alkalis.
• Scientists during this
period believed in
MICHEL EUGENE CHEVREUL "vitalism"
• In 1828, a student of Berzelius
made a turning point in the
development of organic
chemistry.
• Known as the Father of Modern
Organic Chemistry
• Discovered Urea that can be
synthesized from ammonium
cyanate
• This discovery of Wohler
weakened the vitalism idea and
represented the discovery of
isomerism FRIEDRICH WOHLER
 • Later, in the year 1856,
accidentally discovered
the organic dye, now
known as Perkin’s
mauve, which created
more interest in the study
of organic chemistry.

WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN

• proposed theories between
the relationship of the com-
pounds chemical formula
and the physical distribution
of its atoms
• Kekulé was the principal
formulator of the theory of
chemical structure
particularly Kekulé’s
benzene.
FRIEDRICH AUGUST KEKULÉ