Western Heritage The Volume 1 11th Edition Kagan Test Bank Download

Western Heritage The Volume 1 11th
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Chapter 8
Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000–1300)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following social groups emerged after the revival of towns in the
eleventh century?
A. the landed nobility
B. the clergy
C. the peasantry
D. long-distance traders and merchants
Answer: D
Page Ref: 235
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Traditional Order of Life
2. In the eighth century, wide use of what invention made the cavalry indispensable?
A. collar harness
B. horseshoe
C. bit and bridle
D. stirrups
Answer: D
Page Ref: 235
Skill: Factual
3. ________ were the nobleman’s profession; ________ was his sole occupation.
A. Arms; warfare
B. Horses; training them
C. Castles; fortifying them
D. Jousts; preparing for tournaments
Answer: A
Page Ref: 235
Skill: Factual
126
Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved..
4. The ceremonial entrance into knighthood was known as ________.
A. chivalry
B. initiation
C. dubbing
D. ordination
Answer: C
Page Ref: 235
Skill: Factual
5. Which of the following are the two basic types of clerical vocation?
A. spiritual clergy and regular clergy
B. regular clergy and aristocratic clergy
C. regular clergy and secular clergy
D. monastic clergy and regular clergy
Answer: C
Page Ref: 239
Skill: Factual
6. Which of the following is the correct order of the clergy, from the top down?
A. bishops, cathedral canons, and poor parish priests
B. cathedral canons, bishops, and poor parish priests
C. cathedral canons, cardinals, and poor parish priests
D. cathedral canons, archbishops, and urban priests
Answer: A
Page Ref: 239
Skill: Factual
7. Which of the following were least likely to be taxed by secular rulers?

A. laity
B. clergy
C. theologians
D. merchants
Answer: B
Page Ref: 240
Skill: Factual
127
Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
8. Many peasants lived on ________ run by medieval nobility.
A. manors
B. banalities
C. coloni
D. individual holdings
Answer: A
Page Ref: 241
Skill: Factual
9. Monopolies held by the landowners (and that tenants had to use) were known as
________.
A. manors
B. banalities
C. coloni
D. tenancy
Answer: B
Page Ref: 241–242
Skill: Factual
10. Feudal lords supported towns by granting ________ to those agreeing to live and
work in them.
A. banalities
B. tenancies
C. charters
D. orders
Answer: C
Page Ref: 243
Skill: Factual
Topic: Towns and Townspeople
11. In the eleventh century, serfs ________.

A. tried to avoid living in chartered towns
B. rebelled against their lords and bishops, refusing to perform skilled work on their
behalf
C. were prohibited from paying their manorial dues in manufactured goods
D. gained relative freedom in towns
Answer: D
Page Ref: 243–244
Skill: Factual
128
12. Small artisans and craftspeople formed ________, or protective associations, in
towns.
A. guilds
B. coloni
C. orders
D. charters
Answer: A
Page Ref: 245
Skill: Factual
13. The church forbade Jews from hiring ________ or having any public authority over
them.
A. merchants
B. Muslims
C. Christians
D. serfs
Answer: C
Page Ref: 246
Skill: Factual
14. The first recognizable university in Europe was at ________.

A. Paris
B. Oxford
C. Berlin
D. Bologna
Answer: D
Page Ref: 247
Skill: Factual
Topic: Schools and Universities
15. The University of ________ became the model for the study of theology.
A. Bologna
B. Berlin
C. Oxford
D. Paris
Answer: D
Page Ref: 248
Skill: Factual
129
16. University students in the twelfth century were least likely to study by what method?
A. lecture
B. discussion
C. drawing conclusions
D. reading
Answer: D
Page Ref: 250
Skill: Factual
17. ________ was possibly the brightest logician and dialectician of the High Middle
Ages, but paid dearly for it, ending his life in a priory.
A. Abelard
B. Aquinas
C. Peter the Lombard
D. Ptolemy
Answer: A
Page Ref: 251–252
Skill: Factual
18. ________ outlived Abelard by twenty years and devoted herself to reforming the
rules of women’s cloisters.
A. Eleanor
B. Héloïse
C. Sorbonne
D. Louise
Answer: B
Page Ref: 252
Skill: Factual
19. In which of the following respects were medieval women treated as superior to men?
A. physical prowess
B. business acumen
C. purity
D. mental ability
Answer: C
Page Ref: 252
Skill: Factual
Topic: Women in Medieval Society
130
20. The nunnery was an option for single women from ________.
A. lower social classes
B. higher social classes
C. merchants and artisan families
D. all social classes
Answer: B
Page Ref: 253
Skill: Factual
21. Most medieval women were ________.

A. workers like their husbands
B. housewives
C. nuns
D. women of leisure
Answer: A
Page Ref: 253
Skill: Factual
22. Which of these careers was open to women?

A. law
B. medicine
C. scholarship
D. weaving
Answer: D
Page Ref: 256
Skill: Factual
23. Which of the following was true of attitudes toward childhood during the Middle
Ages?
A. Childhood was considered a unique stage of life.
B. Parents could not bond with children because of high infant mortality.
C. Children were viewed as unproductive members of society.
D. Childhood was seen to extend to the late teens.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 256–257
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Lives of Children
131
24. The infanticide chronicled by the Roman historian ________ continued to be
practiced in the early Middle Ages.
A. Socrates
B. Aristotle
C. Tacitus
D. Spartacus
Answer: C
Page Ref: 257
Skill: Factual
25. Which of these is true of children in the Middle Ages?

A. Toys were uncommon.
B. Infanticide was practiced only by eastern Europeans.
C. Parents preferred small families of two or three children.
D. Children never went to school.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 257
Skill: Factual
26. By the late Middle Ages, the nobility ________.

A. had broken into two recognizable groups: higher and lower
B. were moving toward becoming merchants and traders
C. resorted to warfare only when they were attacked
D. rejected the code of chivalry
Answer: A
Page Ref: 235
Skill: Conceptual
27. Which of the following caused grievances and revolts of the peasantry throughout the
High and later Middle Ages?
A. burdening taxes to support the lord’s castles
B. attempts to rein in peasants who had found new opportunities
C. merchants’ refusal to sell luxury items to the peasantry
D. the poetry of courtly love
Answer: B
Page Ref: 242
Skill: Conceptual
132
28. Tournaments came to be viewed as problematic because ________.
A. even mock battles could be deadly
B. fierce competition often ended in bitter feelings
C. regional rivalries encouraged disunity
D. they could be deadly
Answer: D
Page Ref: 237
Skill: Conceptual
29. The advent of “courtesy” was in part an effort to ________.

A. diminish philandering among the nobility
B. improve the lot of serfs and peasants
C. restore the power of secular clergy
D. deal with overpopulation on the manor
Answer: A
Page Ref: 237
Skill: Conceptual
30. Heavier reliance on the infantry in the Hundred Years’ War was bad for ________.
A. urban nobles
B. the peasantry
C. the French
D. the status of the nobility
Answer: D
Page Ref: 239
Skill: Conceptual
31. The Carthusians and Canons Regular were alike in both being ________.
A. cloistered
B. devoted to poverty
C. committed to a life of silence
D. secular clergy
Answer: B
Page Ref: 239–240
Skill: Conceptual
133
32. The Canons Regular were innovative in combining __________.
A. the duties of bishops and priests
B. devotion to a monastic life with commercial goals
C. intellectual rigor with a commitment to poverty
D. work in the world and an ascetic lifestyle
Answer: D
Page Ref: 239–240
Skill: Conceptual
33. What was the key difference between servile and free manors?
A. Free manors were populated by clergy.
B. Servile manors answered only to the king.
C. The tenants of free manors had originally owned small plots of land.
D. Coloni lived only on servile manors.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 241
Skill: Conceptual
34. When a lord charged a tenant for use of the lord’s oven, he was imposing ________.
A. a fief
B. a banality
C. a fine
D. usufruct
Answer: B
Page Ref: 241–242
Skill: Conceptual
35. In the later Middle Ages, as compared to the earlier period, serfs were more likely to
________.
A. pay to use their lord’s mill
B. make monetary payments to their lord
C. be part of an extended family
D. become less free
Answer: B
Page Ref: 242
Skill: Conceptual
134
36. The lords’ original purpose in granting charters to towns was to ________.
A. grant protection to the inhabitants
B. assemble the citizenry for religious observances
C. make agriculture more efficient
D. concentrate skilled laborers who could manufacture finished goods
Answer: D
Page Ref: 243
Skill: Conceptual
37. The first merchants may well have been ________.

A. enterprising serfs
B. disaffected clergy
C. feuding nobles
D. lesser royals
Answer: A
Page Ref: 244
Skill: Conceptual
38. Sumptuary laws were an example of efforts to ______ in medieval towns.

A. encourage manufacturing
B. support commerce
C. maintain the social order
D. keep the peace
Answer: C
Page Ref: 245
Skill: Conceptual
39. A new alliance that emerged from the twelfth century was cooperation between
________.
A. landed and urban nobles
B. nobles and monarchs
C. towns and monarchs
D. monarchs and the papacy
Answer: C
Page Ref: 246
Skill: Conceptual
135
40. Which of the following contributed to Christian envy, suspicion, and distrust toward
the Jews?
A. the separateness of the Jews
B. lack of Jewish economic power
C. rich Christian cultural strength
D. the church’s laws forbidding Jews from hiring Christians
Answer: A
Page Ref: 246
Skill: Conceptual
41. In the northern European model, universities were unions of ________.

A. students
B. professors
C. merchants
D. priests
Answer: B
Page Ref: 247–251
Skill: Conceptual
42. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the University of Paris
in the 1200s?
A. Professors ran their classrooms in an informal setting.
B. Educators and university administrators only cared about the image of the university,
not educational content.
C. Education reform in the sciences was of the utmost importance.
D. It was a collection of scholars, not buildings.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 250
Skill: Conceptual
43. Why were logic and dialectic the focus of a medieval university education?
A. the price of textbooks
B. the hostility of the clergy
C. the cost of lodging
D. the assumption that truth already existed
Answer: D
Page Ref: 250
Skill: Conceptual
136
44. Abelard is the preeminent example of which of these intellectual trends?
A. the development of universities
B. the popularity of courtly literature
C. the application of reason to Christian writings
D. the evolution of Scholasticism
Answer: C
Page Ref: 247–252
Skill: Conceptual
45. Drawing on excerpts from the Bible and classical medical, philosophical, and legal
thinkers, Christian thinkers believed that _______.
A. the religious life was superior to marriage
B. a woman’s only role was to produce children and then be a confined nun
C. women were morally stronger than men
D. virgins and celibate widows were seen as only half female
Answer: A
Page Ref: 252
Skill: Conceptual
46. Entrance to a monastic life and marriage were alike for women in the Middle Ages
because both ______.
A. required a dowry
B. could lead to divorce
C. were available only to upper-class women
D. were seen as preferable to the single life
Answer: A
Page Ref: 252–253
Skill: Conceptual
47. Which of the following was an advantage for a woman living in a nunnery?
A. A woman could acquire the money saved from forgoing a wedding.
B. A woman could rise to a position of leadership.
C. A woman could speak publicly in worship and political events.
D. A woman could get completely away from male authority.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 253
Skill: Conceptual
137
48. Which of the following evidence supports the idea that medieval society valued
children?
A. wergild rates
B. the practice of infanticide
C. high infant mortality
D. the existence of toys
Answer: D
Page Ref: 257
Skill: Conceptual
49. For intellectuals of the Middle Ages, stages of childhood and adulthood were closely
tied to ________.
A. verbal skills
B. physical ability
C. literacy
D. earning potential
Answer: A
Page Ref: 257
Skill: Conceptual
50. The age of seven was important in medieval views of children because at that age
children ________.
A. became fully responsible for all their sins
B. left the home to pursue apprenticeships
C. entered the fourth stage of life
D. could reason and begin to learn vocational skills
Answer: D
Page Ref: 257
Skill: Conceptual
51. Refer to the image of “The Joys and Pains of the Medieval Joust” on page 236. Based
on this image, what could one most accurately deduce?
A. Jousting provided revenue and tourism to the local areas and neighboring towns.
B. Jousting had an important social function.
C. Jousting was an act of payback and revenge.
D. All jousters were considered heroes.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 236
Skill: Analytical
138
52. Refer to the image of the peasantry on page 241. Which of the following statements is
most accurate based on the image provided?
A. Peasants sometimes hunted with falcons.
B. Peasants spent much of their time at skilled trades.
C. Peasants spent the majority of their time working with animals.
D. Peasants were identified solely with agricultural work.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 241
Skill: Analytical
53. Refer to Map 8-1 on page 244. Based on this map, which of the following statements
is most accurate?
A. In the Middle Ages all of continental Europe was linked by trade networks.
B. Russia remained outside of European trade networks.
C. Trade routes on land took more time than trade routes via water.
D. Trade routes via water were restricted to the Mediterranean.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 244
Skill: Analytical
54. Which of the following is most accurate based solely on the image from the Hebrew
Torah and the caption provided on page 247?
A. The seas in Jonah’s time were more dangerous than the seas of today.
B. Judaism had spread to Portugal by the thirteenth century.
C. The Portuguese had good ships in the thirteenth century.
D. Jonah is a Jewish hero.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 247
Skill: Analytical
55. Why was the official Carolingian marriage policy entirely positive for women?
A. They lost their legal rights during the transition.
B. They gained greater dignity.
C. Their labor as household manager and child bearer greatly increased.
D. They were now forced to take multiple husbands.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 253
Skill: Analytical
139
SHORT ANSWER
56. Only the nobility were legally allowed to________, but over time uncommon wealth
enabled a persistent commoner to qualify.
Answer: joust
Page Ref: 236
57. In the twelfth century, knighthood was legally restricted to men of ________.
Answer: high birth
Page Ref: 237
58. The one social group that was open to all, regardless of birth or military skill, was the
________.
Answer: clergy
Page Ref: 239
59. The largest and lowest social group in medieval society was the one on whose labor
the welfare of all the others depended: the agrarian ________.
Answer: peasantry
Page Ref: 241
60. Unlike the pure serfdom of the servile manors, whose tenants had no original claim to
be part of the land, the tenancy obligations on free manors tended to be ________,
and the tenants’ rights more carefully defined.
Answer: limited
Page Ref: 241
61. In the later Middle Ages, serfs started paying their dues in ________ payments.
Answer: money
Page Ref: 242
62. As towns grew, their populations swelled with ________ moving there from the
countryside.
Answer: serfs
Page Ref: 243–244
140
63. Small artisans and craftspeople slowly developed their own protective associations, or
________, and began to gain a voice in government.
Answer: guilds
Page Ref: 246
64. The first important Western university, established by Emperor Frederick I

Barbarossa in 1158, was in ________.
Answer: Bologna
Page Ref: 247
65. Bologna was famous for its university, which was a union of _______.
Answer: students
Page Ref: 247
66. With the appearance of cathedral schools, the ________ began to lose its monopoly
on higher education.
Answer: church
Page Ref: 249
67. Scholars wrote commentaries on authoritative texts, especially those of Aristotle and
the Church Fathers, in a method based on logic and dialectic known as ________.
Answer: Scholasticism
Page Ref: 250
68. Germanic law treated women better than ________ law had done, recognizing basic
rights that forbade their treatment as chattel.
Answer: Roman
Page Ref: 253
69. Until recently, historians were inclined to believe that parents were emotionally
________ from their children during the Middle Ages.
Answer: distant
Page Ref: 256
70. Wergild payments can be used as evidence of _________.

Answer: social status
Page Ref: 257
141
ESSAY
71. The nobility relished war, despite facing the constant threat of death, while the
peasantry ran and hid. Is this statement accurate? Why or why not? What sentiments
did the nobility have toward the peasants? Considering the economic advantages of
the nobility, was theirs a fair assessment? Why did the nobleman so dislike times of
peace?
Page Ref: 235–237
72. Compare the functions and status of the nobility and clergy in medieval society. Were
the two comparable?
Page Ref: 235–241
73. Refer to “The Joys and Pains of the Medieval Joust” and “Encountering the Past:
Children’s Games, Warrior Games.” Why did the medieval nobility play warlike
games? How did medieval women and children participate in these pastimes?
Page Ref: 236, 238
74. Compare the significant events in the rise of merchants with those involved in the
downfall of feudal society. Explain how the growth of towns played a role in these
trends. What is the relationship between these events?
Page Ref: 242–247
75. What factors help explain the surge in anti-Jewish persecution between the late
twelfth and fourteenth centuries?
Page Ref: 246–247
76. When and where was the liberal arts curriculum developed? What did it consist of?
How has the liberal arts curriculum changed between its inception and the present?
Page Ref: 247–252
77. What were the key tenets of Abelard’s teachings? Why did they get him into trouble?
How did his perspective change in later life?
Page Ref: 251–252
78. Compare and contrast the treatment of women under Roman and German law. What
legal rights, work opportunities, and life choices did these legal systems offer
women? Page Ref: 252–253
142
79. Assess medieval views and treatment of children. Were children treated merely as
“little adults,” with little emotional attachment from their parents, or were they
cherished by their parents and thought of as emotionally and physically quite distinct
from adults? What evidence supports each position?
Page Ref: 256–257
80. How did economic and intellectual change introduce challenges to the traditional
concept of medieval society? How did elites respond to these challenges?
Page Ref: 235–247
Topic: Traditional Order of Life; Towns and Townspeople
143

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Western Heritage The Volume 1 11th

Edition Kagan Test Bank

7. Which of the following were least likely to be taxed by secular rulers?

11. In the eleventh century, serfs ________.

14. The first recognizable university in Europe was at ________.

21. Most medieval women were ________.

22. Which of these careers was open to women?

25. Which of these is true of children in the Middle Ages?

26. By the late Middle Ages, the nobility ________.

29. The advent of “courtesy” was in part an effort to ________.

37. The first merchants may well have been ________.

38. Sumptuary laws were an example of efforts to ______ in medieval towns.

41. In the northern European model, universities were unions of ________.

64. The first important Western university, established by Emperor Frederick I

70. Wergild payments can be used as evidence of _________.

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