Electron Orbital Practice Worksheet Name Unit 3 - Worksheet 1 Label the Orbital Blocks and Energy Levels (S| Orbital Name Number of Orbitals (Sul Mhaximum # of Electrons \ a z & al eve 1S cin ior Gc ET Assigning Electrons: Examples injolela Element: Atomic # Orbitals Noble Gas Shortcut (abbreviated) H 1 ast NA He 2 1st NA li 3 1s?2st [He]2s B 5 1s2s?2p* [He}2s*2p Ne 10 18°2s2p° [He]2s2pé Mg 2 13'2s*2p%3s? INe}3s? s 16 18°2s2p°3s’3p* INe]3s*3p* Ti 22 18°28'2p'3s*3p'4s?3d? Tar}as?3c?Practice Problems: Full Configuration 1 P15 2. nas \S'OS*D Pe BS? Bee B 3. G31 |S QS DP" Bs* 30" BA! 4 \ aoa |Sass e- 5. Co 27 6. As 33 8. Cd 48 9. Nb 41 10. Sn 50 Fu. Noble Gas Shortcut (abbreviated) Dreles* ee > Ava 2az 4s 3% ae CO Aclaanas? ae Credas*se* CAV 3a'4s cs LAza" 4s be" Tier AY CWA Ud? Ss? KV 44? SS? 2 a celta” BS SF the following have F orbitals ~ there are differences of opinion on how to do these depending on the periodic table you look at. You will not be asked to do the electron configuration of any Challenge: element with F orbitals on a test. role 11. Eu 63 BE a ye Hf OS 12.U 92 realest 1s"‘Atomic Theory and Orbitals Name Period Unit 3 ~ Worksheew (Goals 1-4) 1. Describe how the quantum theory of atomic structure differs from Bohr's theory. (Hint: Focus on electrons) ‘The quantum theory explains that electrons are in 3-dimensional shaped electron clouds that represent the probability of an electrons location. Bohr’s theory explains that the electrons are in orbits or shells. 2._ Differentiate between an orbit and an orbital, Orbit is the idea of an electron “orbiting” the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. Orbitals are the new idea of an electron cloud that represents the shape of probability for an electrons location, 3. What do electron configurations tell us about an atom? Detailed location of electrons in an atom. The specific electron orbitals that the electrons are found. 4, How many orbitals are in the fourth energy level? ‘The 4" level contains s, p, d, & f orbitals, so the total number of orbitals is 16 5. How many orbitals of each type are there? st 3. as. 7 6. Draw the 2s and 2px orbital. Co f 7. Write the electron configurations of the following elements using the shorthand notation for the noble gascores. Full Abbreviated a. phosphorus 1s*2s’2p*3s"3p* [Ne] 3s°3p?* b, nickel 15°2s*2p°3s"3p%4s?3d° [Ar] 4s°3a° . neon ‘1s?2s?2p* [Ne] d. potassium 1s*2s?2p"3s*3p*4st [Ar] 4s* e. titanium —1s%2s'2p'ast3ptas*ad? lar asta? 8. Which orbital is filled following these orbitals? a. 3d nextis 4p ©. 5p nextis ad b. ds nextis 3d 4. Sf nextis 6d9. How many electrons can be accommodated in a. ad subshell 2 (or 10 if you think the whole d, the 7s orbital 2 set) b. asetofforbitals 14 @. ap.orbital 2 &. the n= 4 shell 32 f. asetofporbitals 6 10. What is wrong, if anything, with the following ground state electron configurations? if there is a problem, how should it be corrected? a“ “s 4 a (TTT) fy No Problem 33 “ bo. Ein fi) min ‘The 4s should have 2 electrons and the 4p 2 3d En ~» < GETUTNEITT § G1] GTATA) the 2 electrons in as should be UP and DOWN Ea cm 4. Mt) [ij The 4s should have 2 electrons (but.. this can also be good ~ an 3 exception ce. FLPUPRTITT) FA] [T_T] the ap electrons should be spread out in 2 suborbitals 11. How many unpaired electrons are there in the following (consider orbital notation): a. anitrogen atom —_3 unpaired (the electrons in 2p) b. aniodine atom 1 unpaired (1 electron in the Sp) . anickel (Ni*) cation 2 unpaired (the not full 3d orbitals) d. an oxide (0*) ion? NONE all paired 12. Complete the chart below: Element. Mg. u u oO Rn F As Getcanied | 5g 25 st 2p 6 2 ap tf Valence weny 7 2 1 sory 6 3 7 5 13. Write out the full ground state electron configuration for an atom of aluminum. 15°2s*2p°3s?3p* 14. Indicate all of the following for the electrons above: Valance electrons, least tightly bound to the nucleus, most tightly bound to the nucleus, core electrons oN MY IL» Pd Ly ity Is 2s 2p Is 2s 2p 15. The electron orbital notations above both show the filling patterns for 8 electrons, Why incorrect? What principle does it violate? b violates HUNDS rule! “'b" consideredElectrons & Electromagnetic Radiation Name Period Unit 3 - Worksheet (Goals 2-5) V4. Describe the difference between a neutral atom and an ion nevtval octoms nave equal numbe of pratons ~ clectvens +, hens ao not 2. Indicate how ihany electrons each of the fllowing neutral atoms wil ose or gain to become ions: a Na bc «0 OF nw | \ose 4 (ose BS gein d Secu 3. Complete the information for each clement listed below: ‘ye & A neutral atom of sodium: i. Fullelectron configuration- (> [Sastaee as! faa Gos ii. Noble gas elec confg- (NEGA 2s! at S ili, Indicate which electrons above are the most energetic -_—> > iv, Indicate which electrons above are the least energetic - ¥. How many valence electrons are in the atom above and which are they’ b. Assulfide anion (S*); Copins ae) SPSS DS 268 ape i. Fullelecton configuration 3¢ i Note ps ees canie- AV =} ES Cae iv Ince which lest show ae nt enereti- Bev \. How many valene electrons ate inthe atom above and which ae they?_@2>(3S” 2") Cost de a i, Full electron configuration ii, Indicate which electrons above are the most energetic - ¢. A Barium cation (Ba? fi, Noble gas elec config spe ii, Indicate which electrons above are the most energetic « eit iv. Indicate which electrons above are the least energetic ~ Bees) 4 How many valence electors are in the tom shove and which are they? __ 3S A 4, Deserbe what happens oan elcton tha absorbs energy? kK moes to an onev ene level (encttea skate) 5. Will the electron above retain the extra energy? What happens? ie eventually loses M4, faliac, atk to AS oviainal zrenylee overs esacke)6. Avalence electron goes from energy level ton=4 (n= energy level of orbital). At this point the atom is said to be in an te state. 7. Whats the rovers ofthe situation above? avound sate Sosa eee esses! v 2-8. The following diagram shows 5 different energy levels (n) that electrons ean occupy. Use the diagram to answer each ofthe following questions: a. EXAMPLE Give a situation that could result in an electron making a quantum leap. Anelectron gains ener v b. Gives situation that would result in an electron giving off light n=>—> n=\ ¢. Gives situation tht could produce red light NTsF7 na d. Give a situation that could produce blue light wom 1h 9. List al types of radiation in the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Label the following: shortest wavelength, longest wavelength, lowest frequency, highest frequency, most energy, least energy ed Ovawae Yello Geen “Ble Pov ee # _ wauelendarty evevg Aveqnen_____—— 3#10, Two lights ae tuned dt. One glows with an orang color and the other glows with a purple cofor. Discuss the energy levels cof both lights. What is happening to create these different colors? 7 tte Ipetuce " omy ~purele eleetvons have Viaher pene Ere oy leelS OTL. Anczpermentis being performed witha stale ight emiting device). The abe i eerie sighly and gives off treenuh ight Thon thongs nresieb ad th grt color cess oven hough energy sl owen tough te be and electrons are still going through quantum leaps (energy transitions). What js ceeurring? (Hint ~ you Would not want to stay around the tube very long as it would be extremely unhealthy) \to highey erevayy aloe Eleeryomange< SReewon JPeriodic Table and Trends Name Period Unit —Worksheet@ \Goals 6-10) 1. What determines the vertical arrangement of the periodic table? Repeating physical and chemical properties determines the vertical arrangement of the periodic table. 2. What determines the horizontal order of the periodic table? Increasing atomic number determines the horizontal arrangement of the periodic table. 3. What determines the order of the periodic table? Periodic law determines the order of the periodic table (repeating chemical and physical properties). 4. Why did Mendeleev and other scientists of his time arrange elements in the periodic table in order of atomic masses? Protons were not discovered until the early 1900s. 5. All halogens are highly reactive. What causes the similarity among the halogens? Halogens all have a common electron configuration of s*p* and only need one more electron to have a full outer energy level. 6. What properties do noble gases share and how does this relate to their electron configuration? Noble gases are inert because they have a full outer energy level (sp). 7. For each element tell which period and group the element is in, identify the element, and state whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. ‘Metal, non, Element Period Group Identity manic [#34 4 16 or 6A se nonmetal #40 5 4or28 Zr metal #14 3 Mor 4A Si | metalloid #56 6 2or2A Ba metal #18 3 18 or 8A Ar nonmetal 8. Classify the following as metals, nonmetals or metalloids: a. manganese b. arsenic c. carbon —d. nitrogen. niobium —_f. radium metal metalloid nonmetal nonmetal. metal metal 9. lodine is used in many commercial chemicals and dyes. To what family does it belong? What are the other members of this family? How many electrons are in the outermost energy level? Halogens:F, Cl, Br, At: 7 electrons10. Define atomic size and describe its trend on the periodic table. ‘+ % the distance between nuclei in a molecule ‘+ increases down a group (top to bottom) and decreases across a period (left to right) 11. Define Ionization energy and describe its trend on the periodic table. + energy required to remove outermost (highest energy) electron * decreases down a group {top to bottom) and increases across a period (left to right) 12. Define electronegativity and describe its trend on the periodic table, ‘+ an atoms tendency to attract electrons ‘+ decreases down a group (top to bottom) and increases across a period (left to right) 13. Explain why as you go down the periodic table, within a group, the atoms get larger. Energy levels with new, larger orbitals are being filled with electrons. 14, Explain why Cl # 17 is smaller then S #16 considering it has one more proton than sulfur. Chiorine and sulfur have valence electrons in the same energy level. Since Chlorine has 1 more proton in its nucleus, there is a greater attraction to the electron cloud causing it to contract. 15. As an atom gets smaller the ionization energy becomes greater. Using atomic structure, explain this statement. Electrons are closer to the nucleus (positive charge); therefore, the electrons experience a greater attractive force.