June 2023 PIB Compilation Legacy IAS Academy

PIB
Compilation
June 2023
Important topics
covered:
District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)
Women 20 (W20) Summit
Chandrayaan-3
Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme (EBP)
Exercise Khaan Quest 2023
JUNE 2023 – PIB COMPILATION
GS1: Pricing Authority

4 Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan
Aushadhi Kendras
History, Art & Culture Pg- 5 Tele-Law Programme
1 6 Dugdh Sankalan Sathi App
1 Lavender Festival 7 VAIBHAV fellowships
Programme
Geography Pg- 2 8 Sagar Samridhi
9 Grievance Redressal
1 What are Auroras? Assessment and Index (GRAI)
2022
10 PM KISAN App
GS2:
International Relations
Polity & Constitution Pg-
Pg- 17
3
1 Mineral Security Partnership
1 CHAMPIONS 2.0 Portal
2 Women 20 (W20) Summit
2 Assisted Reproductive
Technology Regulations 3 IPEF Ministerial Meeting
2023
3 Khadi and Village Industries
Commission GS-3
4 District Legal Services
Authority (DLSA) Indian Economy Pg-
5 NANDI Portal
20
1 India Infrastructure Project
Social Justice & Governance Development Fund Scheme
Pg- 8 2 Mission on Advanced and
High-Impact Research
1 Pradhan Mantri Matru (MAHIR)
Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
3 Li-ion battery recycling
2 National Training Conclave
technology
3 National Pharmaceutical
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JUNE 2023 – PIB COMPILATION
Science & Technology Pg- Internal Security Challenges

23 Pg- 31
1 Chandrayaan-3 1 Exercise Khaan Quest 2023
2 National Internet Exchange 2 Exercise Ekuverin
of India 3 Maiden India-France-UAE
3 Tapas Unmanned Aerial Maritime Partnership Exercise
Vehicle (UAV)
4 Dimethyl Ether (DME)
5 Chiral Bose-Liquid State PRELIMS SPECIAL*
6 Lab-Grown Meat
PRELIMS Pg- 33
Environment & Ecology Pg- 1 UTPRERAK
30 2 National Water Awards
1 Ethanol Blended Petrol
Programme (EBP)
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GS-I: History, Art & Culture: June ‘23 PIB
Lavender Festival
Focus: GS I: Festivals
Why in News?
Recently, the Union Minister of Science & Technology inaugurated the Lavender festival at Bhaderwah in the
Jammu region.
Lavender Festival and CSIR-Aroma Mission
Lavender Festival:
 The Lavender Festival marks the second year of the lavender revolution, highlighting Bhaderwah as
the Lavender capital of India and an Agri StartUp destination.
 The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM)
supports farmers in cultivating Lavender in Bhaderwah, Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) as
part of the CSIR-Aroma Mission.
CSIR-Aroma Mission:
 CSIR-Aroma Mission is a flagship project of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
launched under the
 Ministry of Science and Technology.
 Its primary objective is to promote Lavender cultivation in the temperate regions of Jammu and
Kashmir.
 The mission aims to increase the income of small and marginal farmers while fostering the
development of agriculture-based startups.
Lavender:
 Lavender is a flowering plant that belongs to the mint family and is recognized by its delightful
floral fragrance.
 It is believed to be native to the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and India.
 The Lavender Festival celebrates the progress made in lavender cultivation in Bhaderwah, Jammu
and Kashmir, and promotes the economic upliftment of farmers through the CSIR-Aroma Mission.
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GS-I: Geography: June ‘23 PIB
What are Auroras?
Context:
Recently, an international team of researchers revealed global observations of auroras associated with carbon
dioxide using satellites.
Relevance:
GS I: Geography
Dimensions of the Article:

1. Formation of Auroras
2. Carbon Dioxide Aurora
Formation of Auroras:
 Auroras are formed when charged particles ejected from the sun's corona create solar wind, which
interacts with Earth's ionosphere.
 In the Northern Hemisphere, they are called the northern lights or aurora borealis, while in the
Southern Hemisphere, they are known as the southern lights or aurora australis.
 The asymmetry of auroras between hemispheres is influenced by the interference between the
sun's magnetic field and Earth's magnetic field.
 The commonly observed green and red auroras occur between 100 to 250 kilometers above the
planet's surface due to the excited state of atomic oxygen.
Carbon Dioxide Aurora:

 When charged particles collide with Earth's atmosphere, they interact with various atoms and
molecules, including carbon dioxide.
 Carbon dioxide, known for its role as a greenhouse gas in the lower atmosphere, also exists in trace
amounts in the upper atmosphere.
 Around 90 kilometers above Earth, carbon dioxide molecules become excited during an aurora,
leading to the emission of infrared radiation.
 This results in a higher presence of infrared radiation in the atmosphere compared to typical levels.
-Source: Indian express
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GS-II: Polity & Constitution: June ‘23 PIB
CHAMPIONS 2.0 Portal
Focus: GS II: Polity and Governance
Why in News?
Recently, on the occasion of International MSME Day, the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises,
MSME launched ‘CHAMPIONS 2.0 Portal.
About CHAMPIONS 2.0 Portal:

 The CHAMPIONS 2.0 portal is a single-window grievance redressal portal for Micro, Small &
Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
 CHAMPIONS stands for the Creation and Harmonious Application of Modern Processes for
Increasing Output and National Strength.
 It was launched on June 1, 2020, by the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises.
 The portal operates in a Hub & Spoke Model, with the Hub located in New Delhi at the Secretary
MSME's office, and the spokes in various offices and institutions of the Ministry located in different
states.
 The portal has expanded its scope by onboarding 25 ministries/departments/government
institutions, 32 state governments, and 58 banks to cater to the operational requirements.
New Features:
 The revamped CHAMPIONS 2.0 portal incorporates AI-driven chatbots to enhance user experience
and provide efficient grievance redressal.
 The portal is available in 11 languages, including Hindi, Gujarati, Bengali, and Kannada, to cater to a
wider audience.
 It includes a real-time feedback mechanism for analysis, allowing users to provide feedback on their
experience with the portal.
Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulations 2023
Context:
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) notified the Assisted Reproductive Technology
(Regulations) Amendment Rules 2023 (under the ART Act 2021) to provide donors and patients with better
medical care and security.
Relevance:
GS II: Polity and Governance

1. What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?
2. Salient Provisions of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act 2021
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3. Significance of the Law on ART

4. Concerns Regarding the above Provisions
What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to a range of techniques used to achieve pregnancy by
manipulating sperm or egg cells outside the human body and transferring the resulting embryo into a woman's
reproductive tract. It includes procedures like sperm donation, in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and gestational
surrogacy.
Salient Provisions of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act 2021:

Registration and Database:
 All ART clinics and banks are required to be registered under the National Registry of Banks and
Clinics of India, which maintains a central database containing details of these institutions.
 The registration is valid for five years and can be renewed for another five years. It can be cancelled
or suspended if the institution violates the provisions of the Act.
Screening and Storage:

 Registered ART banks can screen, collect, and store semen from men aged between 21 and 55 years.
They can also store eggs from women aged between 23 and 35 years.
Donor Criteria:
 Female donors must be married and have at least one child of their own, who is at least three years
old.
Parental Rights:
 A child born through an ART procedure is legally considered the biological child of the couple
undergoing the procedure and is entitled to all the rights associated with that status.
 The donor does not retain any parental rights over the child.
Informed Consent and Insurance:

 Both the couple and the donor must provide written informed consent for the ART procedure.
 The couple seeking an ART procedure is required to provide insurance coverage for the female
donor in the event of loss, damage, or death of the donor.
Regulation of ART processes:

 The Surrogacy Act 2021 establishes National and State Boards that are responsible for regulating
ART services in addition to surrogacy.
 These boards have various functions, including advising the government on policy matters,
monitoring the implementation of the law, and formulating a code of conduct for ART clinics and
banks.
Offences:
 The Act identifies several offences related to ART procedures.
 These include abandoning or exploiting children born through ART, sale, purchase, or trade of
embryos, exploitation of couples or donors, and transferring an embryo into a male or an animal.
 Committing such offences can result in imprisonment ranging from 8 to 12 years and a fine ranging
from Rs 10 to 20 lakhs.
Restrictions and Prohibitions:

 ART clinics and banks are prohibited from advertising or offering sex-selective ART procedures.
 Engaging in such activities is punishable by imprisonment ranging from 5 to 10 years and/or a fine
of Rs 10 to 25 lakhs.
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Significance of the Law on ART:

 The implementation of this law is significant as it helps prevent congenital abnormalities and
addresses the exploitation of donors.
 By regulating the sector, the law aims to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals involved in
ART procedures. It also aims to eliminate the presence of unregulated practices and untrained
individuals in the field of ART.
 Overall, the law is a step towards protecting the interests of individuals seeking ART services and
promoting ethical practices in the field.
Concerns Regarding the above Provisions:

While the regulations aim to ensure the safety and ethical practices in ART procedures, there are concerns
regarding the potential impact on accessibility and cost. Some of the concerns include:
 Limited availability of donors: The restrictions on age and eligibility criteria for donors may limit
the pool of available donors. This can create challenges as the demand for donor eggs and sperm
may exceed the supply, leading to longer waiting times and reduced options for couples seeking
ART services.
 Increased costs: With a limited pool of donors, the cost of ART cycles may increase. Couples may
face higher expenses for procedures such as egg or sperm donation, as additional investments such
as insurance coverage for donors may be required. The increased costs can pose financial
challenges for couples relying on ARTs, especially considering that multiple cycles are often needed
for a higher chance of success.
 Extended treatment duration: The requirement for multiple cycles is common in ART procedures,
as individuals may require more than one attempt to achieve a successful pregnancy. By restricting
the number of donation attempts or imposing stringent regulations, the treatment duration may be
prolonged, leading to additional costs and emotional stress for couples.
 Impact on fertility rates: Fertility rates in India and globally are declining. The limitations on
available donors may further exacerbate this issue, as access to donor eggs or sperm plays a crucial
role in assisting individuals or couples with fertility challenges. It may result in a decrease in the
success rates of ART procedures and limit the options available to individuals seeking alternative
paths to parenthood.
-Source: The Hindu
Khadi and Village Industries Commission
Why in News?
For the first time in the history of independent India, the turnover of Khadi and Village Industries Commission
products has crossed Rs.1.34 lakh crores figure.
About Khadi Village Industries Commission:

 Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body of the Indian Constitution.
 It comes under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
 It was established by Khadi and Village Industries Act, 1956. It has been amended twice, in 1965
and 2006.
Objectives of KVIC
The broad objectives of the Khadi Village and Industries Commission encompassing self-reliance and
sustainability are:
 To boost employment in the country.
 To promote the promotion and sale of Khadi articles
 To cater to the self-reliance doctrine of the country by empowering underprivileged and rural
sections of the society.
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Functions of KVIC
The following are the functions of Khadi Village and Industries Commission:
 It plans, promotes, organizes, and implements programmes for the development of Khadi and
Village Industries (KVI).
 It coordinates with multiple agencies that are engaged in rural development for several initiatives
w.r.t khadi and village industries in rural areas.
 It maintains a reserve of raw materials that can be further promoted in the supply-chain.
 It aids in creating common service facilities that help in processing of raw materials.
 It aids the marketing of KVI products through artisans and other avenues.
 It creates linkages with multiple marketing agencies for the promotion and sale of KVI products.
 It encourages and promotes research and development in the KVI sector.
 It brings solutions to the problems associated with the KVI products by promoting research study
and enhancing competitive capacity.
 It also helps in providing financial assistance to the individuals and institutions related to the khadi
and village industries.
 It enforces guidelines to comply with the product standards to eliminate the production of
ingenuine products.
 It is empowered to bring projects, programmes, schemes in relation to khadi and village industries’
development.
District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)
Why in News?
Recently, under the Department of Justice's (Ministry of Law and Justice) Nyaya Bandhu, Pro Bono Club, ICFAI
Law School, The ICFAI University, Tripura, in association with District Legal Services Authority West Tripura,
organized a Door-to-Door Legal Aid Campaign.
District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)

 The District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) is an institution established under the Legal Services
Authorities Act, 1987.
 It operates at the district level and aims to provide free legal aid and services to the weaker sections
of society, ensuring equal access to justice regardless of economic or other disabilities.
Role and Composition:

 DLSA is a statutory body responsible for the effective implementation and monitoring of legal aid
programs within the district.
 It is constituted in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court and comprises various
members with prescribed qualifications and experience.
Provision of Free Legal Services:

 Article 39-A of the Constitution of India addresses the provision of free legal services to citizens
who are unable to afford the expenses of legal representation.
 DLSA plays a crucial role in ensuring the availability of legal aid to such individuals and also
appoints lawyers to assist defendants in their legal proceedings.
Composition of DLSA:
 The State Government, in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court, constitutes the
District Legal Services Authority.
 The chairman of the DLSA is the district judge, while other members with specific qualifications and
experience are nominated by the government.
 The Secretary of the District Authority is a person from the State Judicial Service, not below the rank
of a Subordinate Judge or Civil Judge posted at the district seat.
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 The Member Secretary of the District Authority is the Assistant Commissioner of the concerned
district.
Salaries and Conditions:

 The officers and employees of the District Legal Services Authority are entitled to receive salaries,
allowances, and other conditions of service as prescribed by the State Government in consultation
with the Chief Justice of the High Court.
NANDI Portal
Why in News?
Recently, the Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying launched Nandi - NOC Approval for
New Drug and Inoculation System portal, at Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.
About the NANDI Portal:

The NANDI Portal is developed by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) in collaboration
with the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) through the Centre for Development of
Advanced Computing (CDAC).
Significance of the portal:

 It aims to streamline the regulatory approval process for veterinary products.
 The portal enhances transparency and efficiency in assessing and examining proposals for
veterinary drugs and vaccines.
 It is seamlessly integrated with the SUGAM portal of the Central Drugs Standard Control
Organization, making the process more streamlined.
 The portal promotes the well-being of livestock and the livestock industry.
 It enables quick and easy coordination between various government departments and institutes,
fostering growth and innovation.
Key Facts about the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization:

 It is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) in India for the medical devices industry under the
provisions of the Drugs & Cosmetics Rules.
 It operates under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
 The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) is the head of the CDSCO.
 Headquarters: New Delhi.
o Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, CDSCO is responsible for:
o Approval of New Drugs
o Conducting Clinical Trials
o Establishing standards for Drugs
o Ensuring control over the quality of imported Drugs in the country
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GS-II: Social Justice & Governance: June ‘23 PIB
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
Focus: GS-II: Social Justice and Governance (Issues related to Women and Health, Government Initiatives and
Policies, Welfare Schemes)
Why in News?
The Prime Minister has lauded the new initiative of celebrating ‘Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana’ as ‘God
Bharai' ceremony in Dausa, Rajasthan.
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) is a maternity benefit programme being
implemented in all districts of the country with effect from 2017.
 It is a centrally sponsored scheme being executed by the Ministry of Women and Child
Development.
 Under PMMVY Cash benefits are provided to pregnant women in their bank account directly to
meet enhanced nutritional needs and partially compensate for wage loss.
 All Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM), (excluding those who are in regular
employment with the Central Government or the State Governments or PSUs or those who are in
receipt of similar benefits) who have their pregnancy on or after 1st January 2017 for the first child
in the family – are the beneficiaries targeted by the scheme.
 Beneficiaries receive a cash benefit of Rs. 5,000 in three installments on fulfilling the following
conditions:
o Early registration of pregnancy
o Ante-natal check-up
o Registration of the birth of the child and completion of first cycle of vaccination for the
first living child of the family.
 Implementation of the scheme is closely monitored by the central and state governments through
the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana - Common Application Software (PMMVY-CAS).
Concerns with PMMVY

 Poor Performance: The scheme’s performance has been poor, forcing an immediate need for
improvement.
 Exclusion of beneficiaries: The Government of India’s yearly estimate of the intended recipients has
remained consistent throughout time. Because the objective has stayed constant throughout time, it
barely covers 40% of the eligible population.
 Expenditure Deficit: According to data published by the Ministry of Women and Child
Development, enrolment and payouts under the plan have decreased in the previous two years.
 Improper Implementation: More than half of registered beneficiaries did not receive all three
installments in 2020-21, resulting in a 9% decline in participation in the plan.
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National Training Conclave
Focus: GS II: Government Policies and Interventions
Why in News?
Prime Minister of India inaugurated the first-ever National Training Conclave at the International Exhibition
and Convention Centre, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.
National Training Conclave

 Part of Mission Karmayogi: The conclave is organized as part of the National Programme for Civil
Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) known as 'Mission Karmayogi'. Mission Karmayogi aims to
enhance the capacity and skills of civil servants in India.
 Hosted by the Capacity Building Commission: The conclave is being hosted by the Capacity
Building Commission, which was established in 2021. The commission is responsible for developing
annual capacity building plans for various departments, ministries, and agencies.
 Participation of Civil Servants and Experts: The conclave will bring together civil servants from
the Central government departments, State governments, and local governments. Additionally,
experts from the private sector will also participate in the discussions.
 Collaboration and Training Infrastructure: The conclave aims to promote collaboration among
civil services training institutes and strengthen the training infrastructure for civil servants across
the country. This will help in providing better training and development opportunities for civil
servants.
 Panel Discussions: The conclave will consist of eight-panel discussions. Each panel will Focus on
key concerns related to civil services training institutes. Some of the topics to be discussed include
faculty development, training impact assessment, and content digitization.
About Mission Karmayogi - National Program for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB)
 The NPCSCB will use scale & state of the art infrastructure to augment the capacity of Civil Servants
to improve the Human Resource management practices in the Government.
 Mission Karmayogi aims to prepare the Indian Civil Servant for the future by making him more
creative, constructive, imaginative, innovative, proactive, professional, progressive, energetic,
enabling, transparent and technology-enabled.
 A Public Human Resources Council comprising of select Union Ministers, Chief Ministers, eminent
public HR practitioners, thinkers, global thought leaders and Public Service functionaries under the
Chairmanship of Hon'ble Prime Minister will serve as the apex body for providing strategic
direction to the task of Civil Services Reform and capacity building.
The Framework of NPCSCB

 Prime Minister's Public Human Resources (HR) Council
 Capacity Building Commission
 Special Purpose Vehicle for owning and operating the digital assets and the technological platform
for online training
 Coordination Unit headed by the Cabinet Secretary
Salient Features
 NPCSCB has been carefully designed to lay the foundations for capacity building for Civil Servants
so that they remain entrenched in Indian Culture and sensibilities and remain connected, with their
roots, while they learn from the best institutions and practices across the world.
 The Programme will be delivered by setting up an Integrated Government Online Training - iGOT
Karmayogi Platform.
 It is also proposed to set up a Capacity Building Commission, with a view to ensure a uniform
approach in managing and regulating the capacity building ecosystem on collaborative and co-
sharing basis.
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Core Guiding Principles

 Supporting Transition from 'Rules based' to 'Roles based’ HR Management.
 To calibrate all Civil Service positions to a Framework of Roles, Activities and Competencies
(FRACs).
 To emphasize on 'on-site learning' to complement the ‘off-site’ learning.
 To create an ecosystem of shared training infrastructure including that of learning materials,
institutions and personnel.
iGOT - Karmayogi
 iGOT-Karmayogi platform brings the scale and state-of-the-art infrastructure to augment the
capacities of over two crore officials in India.
 The platform is expected to evolve into a vibrant and world-class market place for content where
carefully curated and vetted digital e-learning material will be made available.
 Besides capacity building, service matters like confirmation after probation period, deployment,
work assignment and notification of vacancies etc., would eventually be integrated with the
proposed competency framework.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
Focus: GS II- Government Policies and Intervention, Health
Why in News?
Recently, the drug price regulator, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), fixed the ceiling price
of 18 formulations, and the retail price of 23 new drugs by bringing them under price control.
About National Pharmaceuticals Pricing Authority

 NPPA is an organization under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and
Fertilizers which was set up in 1997 to revise the prices of controlled bulk drugs and formulations
and to enforce prices and availability of the medicines in the country, under the Drugs (Prices
Control) Order (DPCO), 1995.
 The prices are now fixed/revised under Drugs (Prices Control) Order (DPCO), 2013.
 It also monitors the prices of decontrolled drugs in order to keep them at reasonable levels.
Functions of NPPA:
 To implement and enforce the provisions of the Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO), 1995/2013 in
accordance with the powers delegated to it.
 To undertake and/or sponsor relevant studies in respect of pricing of drugs/formulations.
 To monitor the availability of drugs, identify shortages, if any, and to take remedial steps.
 To collect/maintain data on production, exports and imports, market share of individual companies,
profitability of companies etc. for bulk drugs and formulations.
 To deal with all legal matters arising out of the decisions of the Authority.
 To render advice to the Central Government on changes/revisions in the drug policy.
 To render assistance to the Central Government in the parliamentary matters relating to the drug
pricing.
Drugs (Prices Control) Order (DPCO)

 The Drugs Prices Control Order, 1995 is an order issued by the Government of India under Sec. 3 of
Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to regulate the prices of drugs.
 The Order inter alia provides the list of price controlled drugs, procedures for fixation of prices of
drugs, method of implementation of prices fixed by Govt., penalties for contravention of provisions
etc.
 For the purpose of implementing provisions of DPCO, powers of Government have been vested in
NPPA.
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Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras
Focus: GS II: Government policies and Interventions
Why in News?
Recently, the Government of India has decided to allow 2000 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) to
open Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras across the country.
About Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras:

 Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras are established under the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya
Janaushadhi Pariyojana, which was launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of
Chemicals and Fertilizers in November 2008.
 The objective of these Kendras is to provide quality medicines at affordable prices to all individuals,
particularly the economically disadvantaged, in order to reduce healthcare expenses.
 Jan Aushadhi Kendras offer generic drugs that are equivalent in quality and efficacy to expensive
branded drugs but are available at lower prices.
 In addition to generic medicines, Jan Aushadhi stores also sell allied medical products commonly
found in chemist shops, which helps improve the viability of running the Kendra.
 The Pharmaceutical & Medical Devices Bureau of India (PMBI) has been established under the
Department of Pharmaceuticals, Government of India, with the support of all the Central Public
Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) to coordinate the procurement, supply, and marketing of generic
drugs through the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras.
 An incentive amount of Rs. 5 lakh is provided to set up a Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi
Kendra.
Who can open a Jan Aushadhi Kendra?

 State Governments, organizations, reputed NGOs, trusts, private hospitals,
 charitable institutions, doctors, unemployed pharmacists, and individual entrepreneurs are eligible
to apply for opening a new Jan Aushadhi Kendra.
 Applicants are required to employ a pharmacist holding a degree in B Pharma or D Pharma in their
proposed store.
Tele-Law Programme
Focus GS II: Government policies and Interventions
Why in News?
Recently, The Ministry of Law informed that the Tele-Law programme achieved a new milestone with 40 lakh
beneficiaries across the country empowered with pre-litigation advice.
Tele-Law Programme:
 The Tele-Law programme was launched in 2017 and falls under the Department of Justice, Ministry
of Law and Justice.
 It serves as an e-interface mechanism for seeking legal advice and consultation at the pre-litigation
stage, aiming to provide assistance to underprivileged individuals.
Connectivity and Access:

 The programme connects individuals in need of legal aid with Panel Lawyers through video
conferencing/telephonic facilities available at Common Service Centres (CSCs) located at the
panchayat level.
 The Tele-Law Mobile App also provides access to the services offered.
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Panel Lawyers:
 Panel Lawyers are practicing advocates selected by the Department of Justice and CSC-eGovernance
Services or registered on the Panel of State/District Legal Services Authority.
Eligibility and Cost:

 Legal advice is available to everyone through the Tele-Law service.
 Free legal aid under Section 12 of the LSA Act, 1987 is provided to eligible individuals, including
women, children, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe members, victims of trafficking, mentally ill
and differently-abled people, victims of natural disasters/ethnic violence, workers in the
unorganized sector/industrial workers, undertrials, and people from low-income groups.
 For others, a nominal fee of Rs. 30/- is charged for each consultation.
Covered Legal Matters:

 The Tele-Law service offers legal advice on various matters, including dowry, family disputes,
divorce, protection from domestic violence, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, eve-teasing in the
workplace, maintenance for women, children, and senior citizens, property and land rights, equal
wages for males and females, maternity benefits, prevention of foeticide, and atrocities against
scheduled castes/scheduled tribes and their rehabilitation.
Dugdh Sankalan Sathi App
Why in News?
Recently, the Union Minister of Heavy Industries unveiled the ground-breaking "Dugdh Sanakalan Sathi Mobile
App" at Mussorie, Uttarakhand.
About Dugdh Sankalan Sathi App

The Dugdh Sankalan Sathi App is a mobile application developed by Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments
Limited (REIL) to improve the quality of milk, enhance transparency, and streamline operations in the milk
industry, particularly at the grassroots village level and Milk Cooperative Societies.
Here are some key details about the app:

 Developed by REIL: The app is designed and developed by Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments
Limited (REIL), which is a Central Public Sector Enterprise operating under the Ministry of Heavy
Industries. REIL is recognized as a "Mini Ratna" company.
 Objective: The primary aim of the Dugdh Sankalan Sathi App is to enhance the quality of milk and
promote transparency among stakeholders. It Focuses on facilitating efficient operations at the
village level, including Milk Cooperative Societies.
 Multilingual Support: The app provides services and information to milk producers in multiple
languages, including English, Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu, and more. This ensures that users can access
the app in their preferred language.
Key Features and Benefits:

 Transparency: The app promotes transparency among stakeholders involved in the milk industry,
providing them with accurate and up-to-date information.
 Online Monitoring: The app allows for the online monitoring of daily milk poured at Milk
Cooperative Societies. This enables real-time tracking and management of milk collection activities.
 Real-time Price Updates: The app provides real-time updates on milk prices from the cloud server.
This helps ensure transparency and eliminates the possibility of human errors in price calculations.
 Direct Transfers: The app facilitates direct beneficiary transfers of milk payments and government
subsidies to the bank accounts of milk producers. This streamlines the payment process and
ensures timely and secure transactions.
 Push Notifications: Milk producers receive push notifications through the app, informing them
about milk collection activities. This helps them stay updated and plan accordingly.
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VAIBHAV fellowships Programme
Focus: GS II: Government policies and Interventions
Why in News?
The Government of India has launched a new fellowship programme to connect the Indian Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM)diaspora with Indian academic and R&D institutions.
About VAIBHAV Fellowships Programme:

 The VAIBHAV (Visiting Advanced Joint Research) Fellowships Programme is designed to promote
collaboration and research engagement between outstanding scientists and technologists of Indian
origin residing outside of India and Indian institutions.
 The fellowship is open to NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), OCIs (Overseas Citizens of India), and PIOs
(Persons of Indian Origin) who are actively involved in research activities in their respective
countries.
 VAIBHAV Fellows are required to identify an Indian institution for collaboration and can spend up
to two months per year for a maximum period of three years in India.
 Funding provided by the government for the fellowship amounts to INR 4,00,000 per month for the
entire duration.
 The primary aim of the programme is to enhance the research ecosystem in Indian higher
educational institutions by facilitating collaborations between Indian institutions and renowned
global institutions.
 The programme achieves this by promoting the mobility of faculty and researchers from overseas
institutions to India.
 To be eligible for the fellowship, researchers must be affiliated with institutions ranked in the top
500 of the QS World University Rankings.
 Applicants must hold a Ph.D., M.D., or M.S. degree from a recognized university.
 A total of 75 fellows will be selected and invited to work in 18 identified knowledge verticals,
including quantum technology, health, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, energy, computer
sciences, material sciences, and more.
 The implementation of the VAIBHAV Fellowships Programme is overseen by the Department of
Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
Sagar Samridhi
Why in News?
Recently, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) has launched 'Sagar Samriddhi,' an online
dredging monitoring system to accelerate the 'Waste to Wealth' initiative of the Government.
About Sagar Samridhi

 Developed by the National Technology Centre for Ports, Waterways and Coasts (NTCPWC), the
technological arm of MoPSW.
 Improvement over the old Draft & Loading Monitor (DLM) system.
 Aims to enhance productivity, contract management, and promote effective reuse of dredged
material.
 Aligns with the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India, strengthening technological
capabilities.
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Capabilities of Sagar Samridhi:

 Real-time dredging progress report.
 Daily and monthly progress visualization.
 Dredger performance and downtime monitoring.
 Easy location tracking with snapshots of loading, unloading, and idle time.
Benefits and Impact:

 Minimizes human error through technology.
 Improves project implementation, reducing dredging costs.
 Promotes environmental sustainability.
 Enhances transparency and efficiency.
Significance of Sagar Samridhi:

 Annual maintenance dredging at Major Ports and Waterways involves 100 million cubic meters.
 Ports and Inland Waterways Authority of India spends approximately Rs. 1000 crores annually.
 Implementation of the Addendum and Sagar Samridhi system will significantly decrease dredging
costs.
 Ensures transparency and efficiency in dredging operations.
 Enables better project planning, reduces operational costs.
 Facilitates the development of deep draft ports.
Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2022
Why in News?
Recently, the Union Minister of Public Grievances, and Pensions, launched the Grievance Redressal Assessment
and Index (GRAI) 2022.
About Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2022:

The Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2022 is an initiative by the Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), Government of India. Here are some key details about
GRAI and the Centralised Public Grievance Redressal and Management System (CPGRAMS):
GRAI 2022:
 Concept and Design: The GRAI was conceptualized and designed by the Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) with the objective of presenting a
comparative picture of grievance redressal mechanisms in different organizations.
 Assessment and Ranking: A total of 89 Central Ministries and Departments were assessed and
ranked based on a comprehensive index. The assessment Focused on four dimensions: Efficiency,
Feedback, Domain, and Organizational Commitment. These dimensions were evaluated using 12
corresponding indicators.
 Data Source: The data used for computing the index was collected from the Centralised Public
Grievance Redressal and Management System (CPGRAMS) for the period between January and
December 2022.
CPGRAMS:
 Online Grievance Redressal Platform: CPGRAMS is an online platform that allows citizens to lodge
their grievances related to service delivery to public authorities. It is available 24x7 for citizens to
access.
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 Connectivity: CPGRAMS serves as a single portal that is connected to all Ministries/Departments of

the Government of India as well as the State governments. This enables seamless communication
and grievance redressal between citizens and the government.
 Role-Based Access: Each Ministry and State has role-based access to CPGRAMS, allowing them to
effectively address and resolve grievances in their respective areas of responsibility.
 Mobile Application: CPGRAMS is also accessible to citizens through a standalone mobile
application, making it convenient for individuals to submit their grievances and track the progress
of their complaints.
PM KISAN App
Why in News?
Recently, the PM-Kisan Mobile App with Face Authentication Feature was launched by Union Agriculture and
Farmers’ Welfare Minister.
About PM KISAN App:

 The PM KISAN App, which has recently been launched, includes a face authentication feature.
 Farmers can remotely complete their e-KYC process by scanning their face, eliminating the need for
OTP or fingerprint verification.
 The app was developed through a collaboration between the National Informatics Centre and the
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
About PM KISAN
Nodal: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
 The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme is a Central Sector Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) Scheme.
 Under the scheme an income support of 6,000/- per year in three equal installments will be
provided to small and marginal farmer families having combined land holding/ownership of upto 2
hectares.
 The Scheme initially provided income support to all Small and Marginal Farmers’ families across the
country, holding cultivable land upto 2 hectares.
 Its ambit was later expanded to cover all farmer families in the country irrespective of the size of
their land holdings.
 Definition of family for the scheme is husband, wife and minor children.
 State Government and UT administration will identify the farmer families which are eligible for
support as per scheme guidelines.
 The fund will be directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries.
 There are various Exclusion Categories for the scheme.
Some of the categories of beneficiaries who are NOT eligible for benefit under this scheme are:
 Any institutional land-holders.
 The farmer as well as any member of the family belonging to the following categories:
o Former and present holders of constitutional posts
o Former and present Ministers/ State Ministers
o Former or present members of LokSabha/ RajyaSabha/ State Legislative Assemblies/
State Legislative Councils
o Former and present Mayors of Municipal Corporations
o Former and present Chairpersons of District Panchayats.
o Any serving or retired officers as well as employees under the Central/ State
Government Ministries /Offices/Departments.
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o All retired pensioners who get a monthly pension of Rs.10,000/-or more and belonging
to the above category.
o Any individual who paid their income tax in the last assessment year is not eligible
under this scheme.
o Professionals like Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Chartered Accountants, and Architects
registered with Professional bodies and carrying out profession by undertaking
practices.
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GS-II: International Relations: June ‘23 PIB
Mineral Security Partnership
Context:
India was recently inducted into the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP).
Relevance:
GS II: International Relations

1. About Mineral Security Partnership
2. What are Critical Minerals?
3. Rare Earth Elements (REE)
Mineral Security Partnership:

 The Mineral Security Partnership is an initiative launched by the United States and key partner
countries in June 2022.
 Its primary objective is to strengthen critical mineral supply chains.
 The partnership aims to ensure that critical minerals, including cobalt, nickel, lithium, and the 17
"rare earth" minerals, are produced, processed, and recycled in a way that maximizes the economic
development benefits for participating countries.
 By Focusing on these specific minerals, the partnership aims to address the challenges and risks
associated with their supply chains, which are crucial for various industries and technologies.
 The initiative seeks to enhance the resilience, sustainability, and security of critical mineral supply
chains, promoting cooperation and collaboration among partner countries.
What are Critical Minerals?

 Critical minerals are elements that are the building blocks of essential modern-day technologies,
and are at risk of supply chain disruptions.
 These minerals are now used everywhere from making mobile phones, computers to batteries,
electric vehicles and green technologies like solar panels and wind turbines.
 Based on their individual needs and strategic considerations, different countries create their own
lists.
 However, such lists mostly include graphite, lithium and cobalt, which are used for making EV
batteries; rare earths that are used for making magnets and silicon which is a key mineral for
making computer chips and solar panels.
 Aerospace, communications and defence industries also rely on several such minerals as they are
used in manufacturing fighter jets, drones, radio sets and other critical equipment.
Major Critical Minerals:

 The major critical minerals are graphite, lithium, and cobalt.
 These minerals are essential for the production of electric vehicle (EV) batteries, semiconductors,
and high-end electronics.
 They are also used in the manufacturing of fighter jets, drones, radio sets, and other critical
equipment.
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Top Producers of Critical Minerals:

 The top producers of critical minerals globally are Chile, Indonesia, Congo, China, Australia, and
South Africa.
 These countries have significant reserves and production capacities for critical minerals.
Rare Earth Elements (REE):

 Rare earth elements are a group of 17 elements in the periodic table.
 They include the 15 lanthanides from lanthanum (atomic number 57) to lutetium (atomic number
71), as well as scandium (atomic number 21) and yttrium (atomic number 39).
 Rare earth elements are important for various high-tech applications, including electronics,
magnets, catalysts, batteries, and advanced technology products.
Women 20 (W20) Summit
Focus: GS II: International Relations
Why in News?
Recently, as a part of India’s G20 Presidency, the Women 20 (W20) Summit with the theme 'Women-Led
Development- Transform, Thrive and Transcend' held in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu.
Key Highlights of the W20 Summit:

 Objective: The summit Focused on celebrating the power of women empowerment and addressing
key issues related to economic empowerment, trade and investment, and care economy.
 Breaking Barriers: Discussions were held on breaking invisible barriers and biases that hinder
women from reaching higher positions and leadership roles in various fields.
 Government Initiatives: Government initiatives such as Self Help Groups (SHGs), PM Mudra
Scheme, and GeM portal were highlighted as ways to provide women access to markets and finance.
 Gender Disparities: The summit shed light on gender disparities in economic participation,
emphasizing the inequalities women face in accessing economic opportunities, including financial
resources, markets, and trade networks.
 Systemic Barriers: Participants discussed systemic barriers that hinder women's economic
empowerment, such as limited access to credit, restricted property rights, and discriminatory
practices.
 Celebration of Empowerment: The summit witnessed the celebration of strength, resilience, and
progress in women's empowerment, showcasing success stories and achievements in various
fields.
About W20:
 W20 is an official engagement group under the G20, established in 2015.
 It Focuses on gender equity and women's empowerment.
 The group aims to mainstream gender considerations into G20 discussions and translate them into
policies and commitments.
 W20 influences the G20 agenda and promotes gender-sensitive approaches to global challenges.
Priorities:
 W20's priorities include women's entrepreneurship, grassroots women leadership, bridging the
gender digital divide, education and skill development, and climate change.
Composition:
 W20 comprises a transnational network of delegates.
 Delegates represent non-government women's organizations, civil society, female entrepreneurs,
businesses, and think tanks.
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 The network spans across G20 member states.
W20 India Presidency:

 W20 India assumed the presidency from W20 Indonesia on December 12, 2022.
 As the current presidency, W20 India leads the efforts to advance gender equity and women's
empowerment within the G20 framework.
IPEF Ministerial Meeting
Focus: GS II: International Relations
Why in News?
Recently, the second Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) Ministerial Meeting took place,
showcasing the significant strides made in fostering economic engagement among partner countries in
the Indo-Pacific region.
Key Highlights of the Meeting:

Conclusion of International IPEF Supply Chain Agreement:
 The meeting announced the successful conclusion of negotiations for an innovative international
agreement under Pillar II of the framework.
 This groundbreaking agreement aims to enhance the resilience, efficiency, sustainability,
transparency, and inclusivity of global supply chains.
 It will contribute to increased productivity, diversification, security, fairness, and inclusivity within
supply chains.
Progress in Other Pillars of IPEF:

 The meeting reported positive advancements in the remaining pillars of the framework.
 Under Pillar I, Fair and Resilient Trade, notable progress was made. Similarly, Pillar III, Focused on
Infrastructure, Clean Energy, and Decarbonization, showcased encouraging developments.
 Pillar IV, which Focuses on Tax and Anti-Corruption, also witnessed significant strides.
Introduction of Regional Hydrogen Initiative:

 During the meeting, certain IPEF partners introduced a regional hydrogen initiative under Pillar
III.
 The initiative aims to promote the widespread deployment of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen,
along with its derivatives, in the region.
 This initiative aligns with the overarching goal of decarbonization and clean energy transition.
Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF)

 The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) is an economic initiative that was
launched by United States President Joe Biden on May 23, 2022. Here are some key facts about
IPEF:
 Member States: IPEF has fourteen member states, including Australia, Brunei, Fiji, India, Indonesia,
Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United States, and
Vietnam.
 Pillars: The IPEF has four pillars that form the basis of its economic framework. These are Trade
(Pillar I), Supply Chains (Pillar II), Clean Economy (Pillar III), and Fair Economy (Taxation &
Anticorruption) - (Pillar IV).
 Bali Round: The Bali Round was a meeting held as part of the IPEF initiative, where member states
discussed various aspects of the framework. During this meeting, discussions were held on all four
pillars of the IPEF. India participated in the discussions related to Pillars II to IV, which covered
Supply Chains, Clean Economy, and Fair Economy (Taxation & Anticorruption).
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GS-III: Indian Economy: June ‘23 PIB
India Infrastructure Project Development Fund Scheme
Focus: GS III: Indian Economy
Why in News?
Recently, to promote the Digital India initiative of the Government of India, the Infrastructure Finance
Secretariat has launched the IIPDF Portal for submitting applications for consideration under IIPDF Scheme.
About IIPDF Scheme:

 It is a Central Sector Scheme which will aid the development of quality PPP projects by providing
necessary funding support to the project sponsoring authorities, both in the Central and State
Governments.
 Funding under this scheme will be in addition to the already-operational Scheme for Financial
Support to PPPs in Infrastructure, essentially a viability gap funding (VGF) scheme, notified in
December 2020.
 Under the VGF scheme, support is granted for PPP infrastructure projects that are
economically justified but commercially unviable.
Details:
 The IIPDF has been created with initial budgetary outlay by the Ministry of Finance, Government of
India.
 For providing financial corpus fund titled ‘India Infrastructure Project Development Fund’ (IIPDF),
with initial contribution of Rs. 100 crore is being set up.
 Although it is envisaged as a revolving support for quality project development activities to the
States and the Central Ministries a
 fund and would get replenished by the reimbursement of ‘investment’ through success fee earned
from successfully bid projects, should there be a need, it can be supplemented in subsequent years
through budget support.
 The IIPDF would assist ordinarily up to 75% of the project development expenses.
 The assistance from IIPDF would ordinarily be in the form of interest free loan.
 On successful completion of the bidding process, the project development expenditure would be
recovered from the successful bidder.
Objectives:
 The IIPDF’s primary objective would be to fund potential PPP projects’ project development
expenses including costs of engaging consultants and transaction advisor, thus increasing the
quality and quantity of successful PPPs and allowing informed decision making by the Government
based on good quality feasibility reports.
 The IIPDF will assist projects that closely support the best practices in PPP project identification
and preparation as set out in guidance to be issued by the Department of Economic Affairs from
time to time.
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Mission on Advanced and High-Impact Research (MAHIR)
Why in News?
Recently, the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy have jointly launched a
National Mission on Advanced and High-Impact Research.
About MAHIR:
 The Mission for Accelerating the Indigenization of Emerging Technologies in the Power Sector
(MAHIR) aims to identify and develop emerging technologies in the power sector for deployment
within and outside India.
 MAHIR will be funded through the pooling of financial resources from the Ministry of Power,
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, and the Central Public Sector Enterprises under these
ministries.
 Additional funding will be mobilized from the Government of India's budgetary resources.
 The mission is planned for an initial period of five years, starting from 2023-24 to 2027-28.
Structure of the Mission:

The Mission will have a two-tier structure to facilitate its operations:
 Technical Scoping Committee: Chaired by the Chairperson of the Central Electricity Authority, this
committee will identify ongoing and emerging research areas globally and recommend potential
technologies for development under MAHIR.
 Apex Committee: Chaired by the Union Minister for Power & New and Renewable Energy, this
committee will deliberate on the technologies and products to be developed and approve research
proposals.
Areas Identified for Research:

MAHIR will Focus on various research areas within the power sector, including but not limited to:
 Alternatives to Lithium-Ion storage batteries.
 Modifying electric cookers/pans to suit Indian cooking methods.
 Green hydrogen for mobility (High-Efficiency Fuel Cell).
 Carbon capture.
Li-ion battery recycling technology
Why in News?
Recently, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) transferred cost-effective Lithium-ion
battery recycling technology to nine recycling industries and start-ups.
About Li-ion battery recycling technology:

 Li-ion battery recycling technology is an indigenous development that can process various types of
discarded Li-ion batteries.
 The technology has the capability to recover more than 95% of Lithium (Li), Cobalt (Co), Manganese
(Mn), and Nickel (Ni) contents in the form of their corresponding oxides/carbonates with a purity of
around 98%.
 The recycling process involves leaching, followed by hierarchical selective extraction of metal
values through the solvent extraction process.
 The recovered secondary raw materials can be used for battery manufacturing or in other potential
applications.
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 This technology has been developed under the Centre of Excellence on E-waste Management.
About Lithium:
 Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal with the symbol Li and atomic number 3.
 It is the lightest of all the metals and the least dense solid element.
 It is highly reactive and flammable, and easily oxidizes in air or water.
Occurrence:
 Lithium is a rare element and is mostly found in minerals such as spodumene, lepidolite, and
petalite.
 It is also found in brines and clays in certain regions of the world, such as the “Lithium Triangle” in
South America, which includes Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.
Uses:
Lithium has a range of industrial applications, including:
 Lithium-ion batteries: It is a critical component of rechargeable batteries used in mobile devices,
laptops, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems.
 Aerospace industry: Lithium is used in the manufacturing of aircraft parts due to its lightweight
and strong structural properties.
 Glass and ceramics: Lithium is used in the production of heat-resistant glass and ceramics, such as
ovenware and laboratory equipment.
 Pharmaceuticals: Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
 Lubricants: Lithium is used in greases and lubricants due to its ability to reduce friction and wear.
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GS-III: Science & Technology: June ‘23 PIB
Chandrayaan-3
Context:
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to retain the names of the Chandrayaan-2 lander
(Vikram) and rover (Pragyan) for their Chandrayaan-3 equivalents as well.
Relevance:
GS III: Science and Technology

1. Chandrayaan-3 Mission
2. Objective and Composition
3. Implementation Plan for the Mission
Chandrayaan-3 Mission:
 Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission by ISRO.
 It aims to demonstrate capabilities in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface.
o Safe landing (through the lander Vikram - after Vikram Sarabhai, the father of the Indian
space programme) and
o Roving (through the rover Pragyan) on the lunar surface.
 Unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter and the propulsion module will act as a
communications relay satellite.
Mission Modules:
Propulsion Module:
 Includes the Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload for studying Earth
from lunar orbit using spectro-polarimetry.
Lander Module:
Consists of four payloads:
 Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA) for studying
the temporal evolution of electron density in the Lunar ionosphere.
 Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) for measuring thermal conductivity and
temperature on the lunar surface.
 Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) for measuring seismic activity around the landing site.
 Langmuir Probe (LP) for estimating plasma density and variations.
Rover Module:
 Equipped with the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown
Spectroscope (LIBS) payloads to analyze elemental composition near the landing site.
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Launch and Rocket:

 ISRO plans to launch Chandrayaan-3 in mid-July.
 It will be launched aboard the LVM3 (formerly GSLV Mk-III) rocket from Sriharikota.
Objective and Composition:

 Objective: Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious mission by ISRO aimed at demonstrating critical
technologies required for successful spacecraft landing on the moon's south pole.
 Composite Structure: The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is composed of three modules: propulsion,
lander, and rover.
 Scientific Instruments: The mission carries scientific instruments to study various aspects of the
lunar environment, including the thermo-physical properties of the lunar regolith (surface
material), lunar seismicity, lunar surface plasma environment, and elemental composition near the
landing site.
Implementation Plan for the Mission:

Propulsion Module Deployment:
 The mission will commence with the deployment of a propulsion module, which will transport the
lander-rover configuration to a lunar orbit situated 100 kilometers above the lunar surface.
Lander Module Arrival:

 Following a successful journey, the dedicated lander module named 'Vikram' will safely reach the
moon's surface.
Rover Deployment:
 Once the lander module has achieved a secure landing, it will initiate the deployment of the rover
module called 'Pragyan' onto the lunar surface.
In-Situ Chemical Analysis:

 The rover, Pragyan, will undertake comprehensive in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface
throughout its mobility phase.
 It will conduct detailed examinations and investigations to gather valuable data and insights.
-Source: The Hindu
National Internet Exchange of India
Focus: GS III- Science and Technology
Why in News?
Recently, the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) celebrated its 20th Foundation Day, reaffirming its
unwavering dedication towards building India’s internet infrastructure.
About NIXI
 The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) is a non-profit company incorporated under
Section 25 of the India Companies Act, 1956 (now section 8 under Companies Act 2013) with an
objective of facilitating improved internet services in the country.
 It was registered on 19 June 2003.
 Its Primary purpose is to facilitate exchange of domestic Internet traffic between the peering
Internet service provider (ISP), Content players and any other organizations with their own
Autonomous system (AS) number.
 This enables more efficient use of international bandwidth, saving foreign exchange and also
improves the Quality of Services (QoS) for Internet users by avoiding multiple international hops
and thus reducing latency.
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 NIXI is managed and operated on a neutral basis and currently has eight operational NOC located in
Delhi (Noida), Mumbai (Vashi), Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Guwahati
.
 NIXI is India’s First and Only Neutral Internet Exchange
 Since 2005, NIXI has also created INRegistry (.in domain) as its autonomous body for maintenance
of .IN domain.
 Since December 2012, NIXI also manages the National Internet Registry of the country delegation
Internet Protocol addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and Autonomous System numbers to its Affiliates.
Mission of NIXI
 To Promote Internet.
 To set up, when needed, in select location(s)/parts/regions of India Internet Exchanges/Peering
Points.
 To enable effective and efficient routing, peering, transit and exchange of the Internet traffic within
India.
 To continuously work for enhancing and improving the quality of Internet and Broadband services.
 Set up Internet Domain Name Operations and related activities.
Benefits:
 The launch of these new NIXI internet exchanges will contribute to the enhancement and
improvement of Internet and Broadband services at local level and in neighbouring regions.
 The internet service providers connecting at these points will benefit as their broadband services to
their end users will improve, bringing about a change in the lives of the people of the region.
 It will benefit every sector of the state ranging from health, education, agriculture, startup, and
ecosystem to MSMEs & other business verticals.
 Accessibility and convenience will increase for citizens in terms of availing government benefits and
improving quality of life.
Tapas Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Focus: GS III: Science and Technology
Why in News?
The Indian Navy and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carried out the
transfer of command-and-control capabilities of the TAPAS Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
About Tapas Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The Tapas Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), also known as Tapas-BH 201 (Tactical Airborne Platform for Aerial
Surveillance-Beyond Horizon 201), is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle.
Developed by the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), which is a part of the Defence Research &
Development Organisation (DRDO) in India,
Key details about the Tapas UAV:

 Name and Development: The Tapas UAV was previously referred to as Rustom-II but is now
officially known as Tapas-BH 201. It is designed and developed by the Aeronautical Development
Establishment (ADE), a division of the DRDO.
 Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE): The Tapas UAV falls under the category of a Medium
Altitude Long Endurance vehicle. It is designed to operate at altitudes of up to 28,000 feet, allowing
it to cover a considerable range and provide surveillance capabilities from an aerial perspective.
Features:
 Endurance and Altitude: The UAV has an endurance of over 18 hours, enabling it to stay airborne
for long durations. It is capable of operating at altitudes of up to 28,000 feet, allowing for extended
coverage and surveillance capabilities.
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 Wingspan and Speed: The Tapas UAV has a wingspan of 20.6 meters, providing stability and lift
during flight. It can reach a maximum speed of 225 kmph, allowing for efficient and timely
operations.
 Payload Capacity: The drone has a maximum payload capacity of 350 kilograms, which can
accommodate various equipment and sensor packages necessary for intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance (ISR) missions.
 Remote Control and Autonomy: The Tapas UAV can be controlled remotely by operators on the
ground. It also has the ability to execute pre-programmed flight plans autonomously, providing
flexibility and precision in its operations.
 ISTAR Capabilities: The Tapas UAV is designed to fulfill the Intelligence, Surveillance, Target
Acquisition, Tracking & Reconnaissance (ISTAR) requirements of the tri-services. It is capable of
operating effectively in both day and night conditions.
 Weaponization Potential: The UAV is pre-designed to carry certain weapons and can be converted
into an armed platform if required by the user. This provides the option for weaponization based on
mission needs.
Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Focus: GS III: Science and Technology
Why in News?
Recently, researchers at IIT Kanpur developed a 100% DME-fuelled engine with a mechanical fuel injection
system.
Dimethyl Ether (DME)

 Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a synthetic fuel that serves as an alternative to diesel fuel in specially
designed compression ignition diesel engines.
 It has gained attention as a viable option for reducing emissions and promoting cleaner energy
sources.
Benefits and Usage:

 DME can be produced domestically and has been adopted by several countries, including Japan,
USA, China, Sweden, Denmark, and Korea, for powering vehicles.
 When used as a fuel, DME emits significantly lower levels of particulate matter, soot, and smoke
compared to conventional diesel, even without the need for expensive exhaust gas treatment
systems or advanced engine technologies.
 Its properties make it a promising alternative for India's agricultural and transportation sectors,
where conventional diesel engines are widely used.
Properties of Dimethyl Ether:

 DME possesses a high cetane number, which indicates its ability to ignite easily in compression
ignition engines.
 Under normal atmospheric conditions, DME exists as a colorless gas.
Applications of Dimethyl Ether:

 In addition to its use as a fuel, DME finds extensive applications in the chemical industry and as an
aerosol propellant.
 It is utilized in various chemical processes and the production of dyes and plastics.
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Chiral Bose-Liquid State
Context:
According to recent research, the chiral Bose-liquid state may be an entirely new state of matter.
Relevance:
Formation of Chiral Bose-Liquid State:

 The chiral Bose-liquid state is a unique state of matter that exists at temperatures approaching
absolute zero or in the quantum realm.
 Matter in this state behaves differently from solids, liquids, and gases.
 Researchers achieved this state using a bi-layer semiconducting device.
 The top layer of the device contains freely moving electrons, while the bottom layer is filled with
"holes" that can be occupied by electrons.
 By bringing the two layers very close together and creating a local imbalance, electrons are left with
insufficient holes to fill, resulting in the formation of the chiral Bose-liquid state.
 In this state, electrons exhibit predictable patterns and become resistant to changes in spin, a
characteristic of subatomic particles.
 The synchronized movements of electrons in this state hold potential for applications such as novel
digital encryption systems.
 Creating and controlling such states of matter is challenging but offers exciting possibilities for
future technological advancements.
Lab-Grown Meat
Context:
Two U.S. companies, Good Meat and Upside Foods, have received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
approval to make and sell their cell-cultivated chicken.
 The first country to approve the sale of alternative meat was Singapore in 2020.
Relevance:

1. About Cultivated meat
2. Need for Cell-Cultivated Meat Creation
3. Challenges with Cell-Cultivated Meat
About Cultivated meat

Cultivated meat, also known as cell-cultured meat or lab-grown meat, is a form of meat produced by isolating
and culturing animal cells rather than raising and slaughtering animals.
Process of Cultivated Meat Production:

 Isolation: Companies isolate the cells responsible for the meat we consume from a living animal
through a biopsy.
 Cultivation: The isolated cells are placed in a bioreactor, a specialized container that provides the
necessary resources for cell growth, such as nutrients, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, and
controlled temperature.
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 Cellular Agriculture: This method of meat production is also known as cellular agriculture, as it
utilizes cell cultures to generate meat.
Transformation into Meat Products:

 Cell Proliferation: Over time, the cells multiply and form a mass resembling minced meat.
 Collection and Processing: The cultivated tissue is collected and undergoes processing, including
the addition of additives to enhance texture and appearance.
 Utilization: Processed cultivated meat is then used as an ingredient in various recipes, offering a
sustainable alternative to conventionally sourced meat.
Types of Cell-Cultivated Meat:

 Chicken Focus: Companies like Good Meat and Upside Foods have primarily concentrated on
developing cell-cultivated chicken meat due to its high global consumption.
 Expansion Plans: These companies aim to broaden their offerings to include other types of meat in
the future.
 Diverse Research: Researchers are actively working on creating cell-cultivated versions of sea bass,
tuna, shrimp, and pork.
Market Potential and Outlook:

 Growing Market: The global alternative meat market, including cultivated meat, is projected to
reach $20-25 billion in sales by 2030, according to McKinsey.
 Environmental Benefits: Cultivated meat has the potential to reduce the environmental impact
associated with traditional animal agriculture, including greenhouse gas emissions, land usage, and
water consumption.
 Ethical Considerations: Cultivated meat presents a more humane approach to meat production by
eliminating the need for raising and slaughtering animals.
Need for Cell-Cultivated Meat Creation

Emissions Reduction:
 Livestock production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, with beef being a major
contributor. Lab-grown meat has the potential to reduce emissions associated with conventional
meat production.
 According to the FAO, global livestock is responsible for 14.5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions, with beef accounting for 41% and chicken meat and eggs accounting for 8%.
Land Use Efficiency:

 Conventional meat production requires vast amounts of land for animal rearing and feed
production. Lab-cultivated meat has the potential to utilize land more efficiently.
 Studies suggest that lab-grown meat could use significantly less land compared to traditional meat
production, with estimated reductions of 63% for chicken and 72% for pork.
Animal Slaughter Prevention:

 One of the ethical concerns regarding traditional meat production is the slaughter of animals. Cell-
cultivated meat offers a way to produce meat without the need for animal slaughter, aligning with
ethical considerations and animal welfare concerns.
Food Security:
 Lab-grown meat has the potential to address food security challenges by providing a more efficient
and sustainable method of meat production.
 With the global population projected to increase, lab-cultivated meat can help meet the growing
demand for protein while minimizing the strain on natural resources.
Customization and Health Benefits:

 Cultivated meat can be customized to offer specific nutritional profiles and healthier attributes
compared to conventionally produced meat.
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 By reducing fat content or enhancing nutritional components, lab-grown meat can contribute to
public health initiatives and cater to specific dietary preferences.
Challenges with Cell-Cultivated Meat:

Taste, Texture, and Appearance:
 A significant challenge in the development of cell-cultivated meat is to match the taste, texture, and
appearance of animal meat.
 Consumers expect alternative meat to be comparable to traditional meat in sensory attributes.
Cost:
 The cost of producing cell-cultivated meat is currently high compared to conventional meat.
 The production process involves complex technologies and expensive inputs, making it
economically challenging to make lab-grown meat commercially viable and affordable for mass
consumption.
Quality and Resources:

 Researchers require high-quality cells to initiate the cultivation process. Ensuring a consistent and
reliable source of high-quality cells can be a challenge.
 The growth medium used for cell culture and the resources needed to maintain the quality of the
final product, such as nutrients and environmental conditions, need to be carefully optimized.
Environmental Impact:
 While cell-cultivated meat has the potential to reduce environmental impact compared to
traditional meat production, there are concerns about the environmental footprint of the cultivation
process itself.
 A study highlighted that if the production of cultured meat requires specialized and purified liquids
similar to those used in the pharmaceutical industry, the environmental impact could be worse than
conventional beef production.
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GS-III: Environment & Ecology: June ‘23 PIB
Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme (EBP)
Focus: GS III: Environment and Ecology
Why in News?
The Central Government aims to increase production of ethanol and also supply of ethanol for the Ethanol
Blended with Petrol (EBP) Programme, especially in the surplus season. Government policy changes have led to
a remarkable increase in molasses-based distilleries' capacity, soaring from 215 crore liters in 2014 to an
impressive 811 crore liters in the past 9 years.
Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme (EBP)

 Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme was launched in 2003- and this initiative is pursued
aggressively in the last 4 to 5 years to reduce import dependence of crude oil as well as mitigate
environmental pollution.
 The Ethanol Blending Programme (EBP) seeks to achieve blending of Ethanol with motor sprit with
a view to reducing pollution, conserve foreign exchange and increase value addition in the sugar
industry enabling them to clear cane price arrears of farmers.
 Although the Government of India decided to launch EBP programme in 2003 for supply of 5%
ethanol blended Petrol, it later scaled up blending targets from 5% to 10% under the Ethanol
Blending Programme (EBP).
 The Government of India has also advanced the target for 20% ethanol blending in petrol (also
called E20) to 2025 from 2030.
 Currently, 8.5% of ethanol is blended with petrol in India.
Advantages of Ethanol Blending

 Use of ethanol-blended petrol decreases emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons
(HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
 The unregulated carbonyl emissions, such as acetaldehyde emission were, however, higher with
E10 and E20 compared to normal petrol. However, these emissions were relatively lower.
 Increased use of ethanol can help reduce the oil import bill. India’s net import cost stands at USD
551 billion in 2020-21. The E20 program can save the country USD 4 billion (Rs 30,000 crore) per
annum.
 The oil companies procure ethanol from farmers that benefits the sugarcane farmers.
 Further, the government plans to encourage use of water-saving crops, such as maize, to produce
ethanol, and production of ethanol from non-food feedstock.
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GS-III: Internal Security: June ‘23 PIB
Exercise Khaan Quest 2023
Focus: GS III: Security Challeges
Why in News?
Recently, the multinational Peacekeeping Joint Exercise “Ex Khaan Quest 2023” commenced in Mongolia.
About Exercise Khaan Quest 2023:

 Exercise Khaan Quest 2023 involves military contingents and observers from over 20 countries.
 The exercise is co-sponsored by the Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF) and the United States Army
Pacific Command (USARPAC).
 The Indian Army is represented by a contingent from the GARHWAL RIFLES.
Objectives:
 The 14-day exercise aims to enhance the interoperability among participating nations.
 It Focuses on sharing experiences and training uniformed personnel for United Nations
Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO).
 The exercise helps prepare participants for future UN Peacekeeping missions, develop peace
operations capabilities, and enhance military readiness.
Activities:
 Exercise Khaan Quest 2023 includes various activities such as Command Post Exercise (CPX), Field
Training Exercises (FTX), combat discussions, lectures, and demonstrations.
Purpose:
 The exercise aims to improve the coordination and cooperation between international military
forces.
 It facilitates the exchange of best practices, strategies, and techniques in peacekeeping operations.
 Through joint training and exercises, participants enhance their skills, knowledge, and capabilities
in UNPKO scenarios.
Exercise Ekuverin
Focus: GS III: Security Challenges
Why in News?
The joint military exercise “Ekuverin” between the Indian Army & the Maldives National Defence Force has
commenced at Chaubatia, Uttarakhand from 11 to 24 June 2023.
About Exercise Ekuverin:

 Exercise Ekuverin is a joint military exercise conducted annually between India and Maldives. The
name "Ekuverin" means "Friends" in the Dhivehi language.
 It is the 12th edition of this bilateral exercise, which takes place alternatively in India and Maldives.
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GS-III: Internal Security: June ‘23 PIB
 The primary objective of Exercise Ekuverin is to enhance interoperability between the Indian and
Maldivian armed forces in Counter Insurgency/Counter Terrorism (CI/CT) operations under the
United Nations mandate. The exercise also Focuses on conducting joint Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.
 The exercise aims to promote the sharing of best practices, enhance coordination, and improve
cooperation between the two forces at the tactical level.
 In addition to the joint exercise, India provides assistance to the Maldives in defense training and
equipment requirements. The defense cooperation between the two countries extends beyond
exercises and encompasses economic, cultural, and military cooperation.
 The Exercise Ekuverin further strengthens the close and friendly relations between India and
Maldives, fostering mutual understanding and cooperation in various fields.
Maiden India-France-UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise
Focus: GS III: Security Challenges
Why in News?
The first edition of the India, France, and UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise began on June 7, 2023, in the Gulf
of Oman.
Details:
 Participating in the exercise are INS Tarkash (Indian Navy), French Ship Surcouf (French Navy),
French Rafale aircraft, and UAE Navy Maritime Patrol Aircraft.
 The two-day exercise will involve a range of naval operations, including Surface Warfare, Missile
engagements on surface targets, Helicopter Cross Deck Landing Operations, Advanced Air Defence
Exercise, and Boarding operations.
 The exercise will also facilitate the exchange of personnel for the sharing of best practices.
 The primary objective of the maiden exercise is to strengthen trilateral cooperation between the
three navies and develop strategies to address traditional and non-traditional threats in the
maritime environment.
 Additionally, the exercise aims to enhance collaboration in ensuring the safety of mercantile trade
and freedom of navigation in the region's high seas.
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Prelims: June ‘23 PIB
UTPRERAK
Focus: Facts for Prelims
Why in News?
Recently, the Union Minister of State for Power inaugurated UTPRERAK, a dedicated Centre of Excellence, to
accelerate industry adoption of clean technologies in New Delhi.
About UTPRERAK:
UTPRERAK, also known as the Advanced Industrial Technology Demonstration Centre (AITDC), is a Centre of
Excellence established by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Power, with the aim of accelerating
the adoption of energy-efficient technologies in the Indian industry. Here are the key mandates of UTPRERAK:
 Reference and Resource Institution: UTPRERAK is mandated to become a key reference and
resource institution on industrial energy-efficient technologies. It will provide comprehensive
information, guidance, and expertise related to energy efficiency in the industrial sector.
 Demonstration and Showcasing: UTPRERAK will demonstrate and showcase energy-efficient
technologies in key industry sectors. It will serve as a platform to exhibit and promote innovative
technologies, solutions, and practices that can improve energy efficiency in industries.
 Exhibition cum Information Centre: UTPRERAK will function as an exhibition cum information
centre, providing access to relevant information, case studies, success stories, and best practices in
energy efficiency. It will create awareness among industry professionals about the potential
benefits and opportunities associated with energy-efficient technologies.
 Knowledge Repository: UTPRERAK will serve as a repository of knowledge, collating and
organizing information related to energy-efficient technologies, industry-specific energy
conservation measures, and successful implementation models. This knowledge repository will be
accessible to industry stakeholders, researchers, policymakers, and other interested parties.
 Knowledge Exchange Platform: UTPRERAK will facilitate knowledge exchange and dissemination
of best practices among industry professionals. It will organize workshops, seminars, and training
programs to promote the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and share experiences from
various sectors.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency:

 The BEE was established on 1st March 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act,
2001.
 Objective: To reduce the energy intensity of the Indian economy.
 It coordinates with designated consumers, designated agencies, and other organizations.
 It recognizes, identifies, and utilizes existing resources and infrastructure to perform the functions
assigned to it under the Energy Conservation Act.
National Water Awards
Focus: Facts for Prelims
Why in News?
The Vice President of India will confer upon the fourth National Water Awards in New Delhi on 17th June
2023.
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Prelims: June ‘23 PIB
National Water Awards:

Nodal: The Ministry of Jal Shakti is responsible for overseeing the National Water Awards.
 The National Water Awards were initiated in 2018 by the Department of Water Resources, River
Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation.
 These awards provide a platform for start-ups and established organizations to engage with
policymakers and discuss the adoption of effective water resources management practices in India.
Purpose and Recognition:

 The awards aim to acknowledge and encourage outstanding efforts and achievements in realizing
the vision of a 'Jal Samriddh Bharat' (Prosperous India through Water).
 They recognize the contributions made by states, districts, individuals, organizations, and other
entities across the country.
Categories:
 The awards cover various categories, including 'Best State,' 'Best District,' 'Best Village Panchayat,'
'Best Urban Local Body,' and more.
Awards and Prizes:

 Winners in each category receive a citation, trophy, and cash prize.
 The cash prizes for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd rank winners are Rs. 2 lakhs, Rs. 1.5 lakhs, and Rs. 1 lakh,
respectively.
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Science & Technology Pg- Internal Security Challenges

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Lavender Festival and CSIR-Aroma Mission

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What are Auroras?

Dimensions of the Article:

Carbon Dioxide Aurora:

-Source: Indian express

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CHAMPIONS 2.0 Portal

Focus: GS II: Polity and Governance

About CHAMPIONS 2.0 Portal:

Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulations 2023

Dimensions of the Article:

3. Significance of the Law on ART

What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?

Salient Provisions of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act 2021:

Screening and Storage:

Informed Consent and Insurance:

Regulation of ART processes:

Restrictions and Prohibitions:

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Significance of the Law on ART:

Concerns Regarding the above Provisions:

-Source: The Hindu

Khadi and Village Industries Commission

Focus: GS II: Polity and Governance

About Khadi Village Industries Commission:

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District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)

Focus: GS II: Polity and Governance

District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)

Role and Composition:

Provision of Free Legal Services:

Salaries and Conditions:

Focus: GS II: Polity and Governance

About the NANDI Portal:

Significance of the portal:

Key Facts about the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization:

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Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

Concerns with PMMVY

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National Training Conclave

Focus: GS II: Government Policies and Interventions

National Training Conclave

The Framework of NPCSCB

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Core Guiding Principles

National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority

Focus: GS II- Government Policies and Intervention, Health

About National Pharmaceuticals Pricing Authority

Drugs (Prices Control) Order (DPCO)

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Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras

Focus: GS II: Government policies and Interventions

About Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras:

Who can open a Jan Aushadhi Kendra?

Focus GS II: Government policies and Interventions

Connectivity and Access: