L. D.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING SOCIETAL & GLOBAL IMPACT

PRESENTED BY-

VISHAL BUDDH (220283106002)

HAKIM NAWAZ (220283106014)
KEVIN HAMIRANI (220283106015)
NEEL TURKHIYA (220283106036)
 INDEX

 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF FUTURISTIC ENERGY SOURCES
 HYDRO POWER
 SOLAR POWER
 WIND POWER
 TIDAL POWER
 GEO-THERMAL POWER
 CONCLUSION
  FUTURISTIC VISION OF ENERGY
GENERATION
 A present day estimate by NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC determined that we
use 320 billion kilowatt-hours of energy every day.
 Mostly, We depend on FOSSIL-FUELS and it is non-renewable.
 In Order to survive the energy crisis many companies in the energy
industry are inventing new ways to extract energy from renewable
sources.
 While the rate of development is slow, main stream awareness and
government pressure are growing.
 TYPES OF FUTURISTIC ENERGY
SOURCES:
1. HYDRO POWER
2. SOLAR POWER
3. WIND POWER
4. TIDAL WAVE ENERGY
5. GEO-THERMAL ENERGY
6. BIOMASS ENERGY
7. ATOMIC ENERGY
 1. HYDRO POWER:

 Hydro is a Greek Word, which

means water.
 Hydro electricity is the conversion
of the mechanical energy in
flowing water into electricity.
 Hydro electricity is generated
when the force of falling water
from dams, rivers or waterfalls is
used to turn turbines, which then
drives generators that produce
electricity.
 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO PROJECTS
BASED ON INSTALLED CAPACITY:

 MICRO: up to 100 KW
 MINI: 101 KW to 2 MW
 SMALL: 2 MW to 25 MW
 MEGA: Hydro projects with installed capacity >= 500 MW
 THERMAL PROJECTS with installed capacity >= 1500 MW
 ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER:

 Hydro power is a renewable source of energy because it uses and not

consumes the water for generation of electricity, and the hydropower
leaves this vital resource available for other uses.
 Avoiding pollutants and emissions. Hydropower is a low- carbon
technology which helps to offset the carbon emissions and pollutants
caused by fossil fuels.
 Hydro power stations are preferred solution for meeting peak loads in
grids due to its unique capabilities of quick starting and closing.
 HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL IN
INDIA:
 The hydro power potential of India is around 1,45,000 MW and at 60%
load factor, it can meet the demand of around 85,000 MW.
 The estimated potential for power generation from small hydropower
projects is about 20,000 MW.
 India’s installed hydro capacity at the end of 2018 was around 45,400 MW,
an annual growth of just 1%, the lowest since 2009, what’ s more, between
2008 and 2018, hydro power’ s share of India’ s total installed electricity
capacity has halved from 25% to 13%.
 The generation of hydro power from top seven hydro power projects In
INDIA - NATHPA JHAKRI, BHAKRA NANGAL , SRISSLIAM,
NAGARJUNA SAGAR, HIRAKUD, SARDAR SAROVAR AND INDIRA
SAGAR.
2. SOLAR POWER:

 The earth receives about 174

billion megawatts of power at the
upper atmosphere as a result of
solar radiation.
 About 30% of the incident solar
radiation is reflected back while
the remaining, which amounts to
3.85 * 1024 Joules every year,
via absorbed by the atmosphere,
oceans and landmasses.
SOLAR POWER:

 One of the biggest hurdles in harnessing the energy from the sun is in
building cost-effective solar panels.
 The cost of solar- power is about US 8-15 cents per kilowatt-hour as
compared to the cost of coal base electric power at US 6 cents per
kilowatt-hour.
 Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly
using Photovoltaic (PV), or indirectly using Concentrated Solar Power
(CSP).
 SOLAR POWER is anticipated to become the world’s largest source of
electricity by 2050, with solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar power
contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption,
respectively.
 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV):

 Photovoltaics is the science

behind the most popular form of
the harnessing solar energy.
 It is the process of converting
sunlight directly into electricity.
 The photovoltaic effect was first
observed n 1839.
 A solar cell is a device that
converts light directly into
electricity using the photo electric
effect.
 APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC:

1. Rooftop and Building integrated systems

2. Concentrator photovoltaic
3. Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector
4. Solar farms
5. Rural Electrification
6. In Transport
7. Tele-Communication and Signalling
8. Spacecraft Applications
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF PHOTOVOLTAIC:
 ADVANTAGES:  DISADVANTAGES:
 Solar power is pollution- free
 It takes longer for the energy
during use, which enables it to
savings to pay back the cost of
cut down on pollution when it is
installation.
substituted for other energy
source.  PV systems have a lower
capacity for harnessing sunlight.
 Compared to fossil and nuclear
energy sources, very little  PV systems collect energy only
research money has been during sunlight hours.
invested in the development of
solar cells, so there is
considerable room for
improvement.
 SOLAR CHIMNEY ( THERMAL
CHIMNEY) :
 A Solar Chimney is a type of passive
solar heating and cooling system that
can be used to regulate the
temperature of a building as well as
providing ventilation.
 Like a Trombe wall or solar wall,
solar chimneys are a way to achieve
energy efficient building design.
 Solar chimney has been in use for
centuries, particularly in the middle
east and near east by Persians, as
well as in Europe by the Romans.
3. WIND POWER:

 Wind power is produced by using wind generators to harness the kinetic

energy of wind. It is gaining worldwide popularity as a large scale energy
source, although it still only provides less than one percent of global
energy consumption.
 Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns
two or three propeller- like blades around a rotor.
 Wind power is rapidly developing in practically every part of the world, with
growth rates ranging from 10 to 40% per year. Although the pace of growth
slackened in 2013, installed global capacity reached an impressive. 318
GW, For an increase of 200 GW in five years.
 ADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES
OF WIND POWER:
• ADVANTAGES:
 Wind energy is free, renewable
resource, so no matter how much is
used today, there will still be the
same supply in the future.
 Wind energy is also a source of
clean, non-polluting, electricity. Unlike
conventional power plants, wind
plants emit no air pollutants or
greenhouse gases.
 Although wind power plants have
relatively little impact on the
environment compared to fossil fuel
power plants.
• DISADVANAGES:
 It is more expensive to produce wind-
sourced electricity than electricity
from conventional sources, such as
nuclear and thermal energy.
 Wind power is intermittent because
winds are unpredictable and
uncontrollable.
 Further, god wind sites are often
located in remote locations far from
areas of electric power demand.
 PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE
PROSPECTS IN INDIA:
 Though solar energy is the future, wind energy is where India globally in
manufacturing and deployment in the present scenario.
 India has an installed capacity of over 34,293 MW of wind energy as on
may 2018, and occupies the fifth position in the world, after USA,
Germany, China and Spain.
 Some of the major wind energy plants are located in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat
and Maharashtra.
 India was the world’s fifth largest market (2.3 GW, up 34% over 2013) and
remained fifth globally for cumulative capacity (22.5 GW).
 As of 30 June 2018, The installed capacity of wind power in India was
34,293 MW ( 34 GW). Wind power accounts for 10% of India’s total
installed power capacity.
 4. TIDAL ENERGY:

 Tidal energy, also known as Tidal Power is classified as an alternate

energy or better known as the renewable source of energy. It is one of the
forms of hydropower energy that exercises energy of the oceanic tides to
generate electricity.
 Tidal energy in India is generated by the movement of oceanic tides.
 As the celestial bodies- Earth, Sun and the Moon change their positions
throughout the year with these changes in position the gravitational pull
exerted by these bodies result in water movements and thus the energy
created can be harnessed to generate electricity.
 Here the motion of the motion of the water is transformed into energy.
 TYPES OF TIDAL ENERGY
GENERATION:
1.Tidal Barrage:
 A Tidal Barrage as the name
suggests uses tidal barrages to
generate electricity.
 It uses the potential energy in the
difference in height between high and
low tide.
2. Tidal Stream Generator:
 This method of tidal energy
generation exercises the kinetic
energy of the flowing water to power
turbines placed beneath the water.
 Similar to wind power generation,
where water flows across the rotor
blades which rotates the turbine and
thus tidal streams are formed by the
constant incoming and outgoing of
the tide, thereby generating tidal
energy.
 TYPES OF TIDAL ENERGY
GENERATION:
1.Tidal Barrage: 2. Tidal Stream Generator:
 ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY
GENERATION:
 Tidal energy is the most sorted and renewable source of energy because
the energy it produces has lower cost and it’s clean because it uses no
fuel so it’s environment- friendly and no waste by- products are produced
either.
 Tidal energy has the potential to produce a great deal of free and green
energy. Hence, it’s bio-friendly energy.
 Tidal energy is not expensive to be conducted and is easy to maintain
compared to other forms of renewable energy sources.
 Low noise pollution as any sound generated is transmitted through the
water.
 DISADVANTAGES OF TIDAL
ENERGY GENERATION:
 Although the occurrence of tides can be predicted tidal energy is not
always a constant energy. Source because the energy generated from the
tides depends completely on the strength and flow of the motions of the
water, which it self is dependent on the gravitational effects of the celestial
bodies- Earth, Moon and The Sun.
 Intermittent power generation only generates power ten hours a day
during the outgoing and incoming of the tides.
 Chances of increase in coastal erosion where the tides are concentrated.
 Danger to marine animals like fish and other sea-life as they might get
suck in the barrage or get sucked by the force of the tidal turbine blades.
 TIDAL ENERGY IN INDIA:

 As the March 2017, India announced of its 7500 KM long coastline, where
the height of high tide was recorded over 5 meters higher than the low tide
which can essentially capture the potential tidal power.
 The Ministry of new and renewable energy ( MNRE) estimated that the
country can produce 7000 MW of power in the gulf of KHAMBHAT in
Gujarat, 1200 MW of power in the gulf of Kutch in Gujarat and about 100
MW of power in the Gangetic delta of Sundarbans in West Bengal.
5. GEO-THERMAL ENERGY:

 Geothermal Energy is heat derived within the sub- surface of the earth.
Water and/or stream carry the geothermal energy to the Earth’s surface.
 Geothermal energy can be used for heating and cooling purposes or be
harnessed to generate clean electricity.
 Geothermal energy is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the
earth.
 It is contained in the rocks and fluids beneath the earth’s crust and can be
found as far down to the earth’ s hot molten rock, magma.
 There are three types of geothermal power plants: Dry Stream, Flash and
Binary.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
GEO THERMAL POWER:
• ADVANTAGES:
 Geothermal power is cost-
effective, reliable, sustainable,
and environmentally friendly.
 Geothermal wells release
greenhouse gases trapped deep
within the earth, but these
emissions are much lower per
energy unit than those of fossil
fuels.
 Unlike solar and wind energy,
Geothermal energy is always
available, 365 Days a year.
• DISADVANTAGES:
 Drilling and exploration for deep
resources is very expensive.
 It has historically been limited to
areas near tectonic plate
boundaries.
 IN addition to dissolved gases,
hot water from geothermal
sources may hold in solution
trace amounts of toxic elements
such as mercury, boron, and
antimony.
 GENERAL ENERGY
SCENARIO : INDIA
IN INDIA:  India is set to have an estimated 10,600
MW of potential in the geothermal
• PUGA VALLEY (J & K) provinces.
• TATAPANI (CHHATTISGARH)  It targets generating 1000 MW
• GODAVARI BASIN geothermal energy in the first phase by
MANIKARAN (HIMACHAL the end of 2020.
PRADESH)
 The power generated through
• BAKRESHWAR (WEST
geothermal sources will be used to
BENGAL)
electrify rural pars of the country.
• TUWA (GUJARAT)
• UNAI (MAHARASHTRA)
• JALGOM (MAHARASHTRA)