PROJECT REPORT

On
“Perception of people on pollution generated by vehicles and EV’s and up to what extent
are they a reality than a fad”

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the degree of the

“Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)”

Management Education and Research Institute

Affiliated To Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Sector 16-C, Dwarka,
New Delhi

Supervised By: Submitted By: Neelam Bhatt

Preeti Verma
Assistant Professor
MERI

CERTIFICATE FROM THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the Project Work titled is “Perception of people on pollution
generated by vehicles and EV’s and up to what extent are they a reality than a fad” a
bonafide work carried out by enrolment no.07535101721student of BBA 2021-2024 of
MERI, COLLEGE.

Assistant professor
Ms. Preeti verma

Signature of Guide

Name, Designation

Place
AKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost of all, I express my severe indebtedness to “Almighty,” for bestowing with me all
favorable circumstances and keeping me in high spirits.

Express my heartiest thanks, a deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Assitant

Profesar or providing me practical guidance, Constant and vital encouragement, unstilted
interest and determined efforts even in her demanding schedule and also inspired me to
work seriously and gain practical knowledge through this project.

I thank, MERI COLLEGE, for giving me this opportunity to put to practice the theoretical
knowledge that I imparted during the four Semester. Last but not least, I am very grateful
to my parents., who have always helped me and have always guided me on the road to
success.
 Table Of Contents

S.NO PARTICULARS PAGENO

Declaration
1

Internal guide certificate

2

Acknowledgment
3

Chapter 1: Introduction
5-17
Overview of Industry
Overview of Company

Chapter 2: Review of literature 18-25

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

• Research Objective 26
27-36
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation

Chapter :5: Conclusion 37

Recommendation 38

38
Limmitation
Chapter 6: Bibliography 39

Chapter 7: Anexure 40
 CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CONCEPT

An Electric Vehicle is a one powered by an electric motor rather than a traditional

engine This electric motor is powered by rechargeable batteries that can be charged
by common electricity points available.
There are two types of EV technology: hybrid and fully electric.
➢ Fully electric: The batteries of an electric car can only be recharged by
plugged to some source of energy.
➢ Hybrid cars: In a hybrid vehicle, it is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines
a conventional internal combustion engine system with an electric
propulsion system, both of them are there in one car
It Is highly debatable that whether electric vehicles (EV’s) are the future of
motoring.
Therefore, it is necessary to take all the arguments both in agreement and
disagreement that up
To what extent FV’s are a reality than a passing trend.
An Electric Vehicle (EV) uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for
driving a car. An electric vehicle may be powered through a system by electricity
or may be self- contained with a battery, solar panels, or an electric generator to
convert petrol/diesel into EVs include, but are not limited to, only there are many
kinds such as road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, aircraft, and
spacecraft.
The term EV refers to an electric car. In the 21 st century, EVs saw a resurgence due
to
Technological developments, and an increased focus on renewable energy.
Government
Incentives to adoptions were introduced, including in the United States and the
European Union. A great deal of demand for electric vehicles developed, and a
small core
Of do-it-yourself (DIY) engineers began sharing technical details for doing electric
vehicle conversion
The car has an almost silent drive because the electric vehicles make practically no
noise compared to the combustion engine. The electric vehicles have no explosions
for propulsion; instead, it uses electricity to rotate a drive shaft magnetically.
Electric cars have only been getting better as time goes on. The technology that
drives them is continuously advancing to make the parts cheaper and increase the
range in which you can drive on a single battery charge. The cost to operate an
electric vehicle

Hybrid EVs:

A hybrid electric vehicle combines a conventional (usually fossil fuel-powered)

powertrain with some form of electric the action of driving or pushing forward.
Japan is the market leader with more than 5 million hybrids sold, followed by the
United States with cumulative sales of over 4 million units since 1999, and Europe
with about 1.5 million hybrids delivered since 2000 As of April 2016, over 11
million hybrid electric vehicles have been sold worldwide since their inception in
1997Japan has the world's highest hybrid market penetration. By 2013 the hybrid
market share for more than 30% of new standard passenger car sold, and about
20% new passenger vehicle sales including key cars Norway
DAMANTAGES ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR
Die plans to use only renewable energs in vehicle production starting in 2022, and
Walkswagen sey, will make production carbon-metal by 2050. Despite producing
mone emissions during the production stage, electric vehicles still pollute far less
than powered cars throughout their Hispan
Anli therping it is as way as charging your smartphone. Most electric car drivers
charge home-something made even easier by Renault, which provides a free home
charge prowretail customers purchasing a Now Renault 201
Es are greer than the traditional inmal combustion engine can making the mansion
from the fumiturity of selling can feel dating, wo mehow argently you think the
climate emergency
Best of all, the mileage costs are significantly cheaper this will vary depending on
cicity tariff, but according to the Thegy Saving Tes, charging an “eetichot home
willi cohg Fm. This compares with 13-jag is a por diesel canAnd with cheap
running costs, electric cars can te your conscience. The initial cost of an electric
veh petrol or diesel equivalent though the government £3,500 towards brand new
100% electric vehicles.
Our barsk balance as well as to be higher than that of a ntly offers a grant of up to
. But it’s in the daily running costs where electric vehicles excel. Fully electric
vehicles with a list price of under £40,000 are exempt from vehicle excise duty as
well as London’s congestion charge and its ultra-low emission zone charge. EVs
don’t need oil changes and have fewer moving parts, so you could save 20-30% on
servicing and maintenance costs compared with a petrol or diesel car.
Current electrical grids are mostly moving towards reducing their reliance on fossil
fuels and increasing their renewable energy production. With electric vehicles
already producing fewer emissions through their lifetime regardless of the energy
source, it shows that EVs are indeed the vehicle of the future. Car manufacturers
are also accepting the fact that electric cars are less polluting, and producing more
EVs will help reduce total carbon emissions.

1.2 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPANIES

seven travellers, and right around 300 miles in go per charge. Model 3 is a minimal
effort car choice for those not having any desire to follow through on the
significant expense for the Model S extravagance vehicle.
1.Tesla

Tesla Motors was established in July 2003 by engineers Martin Eberhard and Marc
Trepanning. The organization's name is a tribute to innovator and electrical
architect Nikola Tesla. The following three workers were lan Wright. Elon Musk,
and J. B Straubel, every one of whom are retroactively permitted to call themselves
prime supporters of the company, Musk, who earlier filled in as administrator and
is the flow CEO, said that he imagined Tesla Motors as an innovation organization
and autonomous automaker, focused on inevitably offering electric vehicles at
costs moderate to the average customer. In February 2017. Tesla Motors
abbreviated its name to Tesla.

Following 11 years in the market, Tesla positioned as the world's top-rated module
just as the top-of-the-line battery-electric traveller vehicle maker via vehicles sold
in 2019, both as a brand and via car gathering, with a piece of the pie of 17% of the
module portion and 23% of the battery-electric segment. Tesla's worldwide vehicle
deals expanded half from 245,240 units in 201 to 367,849 units in 2019. On March
9, 2020, the organization delivered its one-millionth electric car.

Tesla has never had a beneficial year; be that as it may, it has had a few
independently profitable quarters, most as of late the quarters finishing September
2018, December 2018, September 2019, and December 2019. On February 20,
2020, Tesla arrived at a market capitalization of US$166 billion.

2. BMW

BMW is a German vehicle organization that produces extravagance vehicles. As of

late, they have entered the electric vehicle advertise with the BMW i3, an
allelectric- extravagance SUV with a conservative 5-seater planned basically for
urban and rural voyaging. The BMW 1 is a sub-brand of BMW established in 2011
to structure and production module electric vehicles. The organization's underlying
plans require the arrival of two cars; the i3 all-electric vehicle and the 18 module
mixture. Idea forms of both these vehicles were appeared at the 2009 Frankfurt
Motor Show.

Arrangement creation of the BMW 13 bound for retail clients started in September
2013, and the European market dispatch occurred in November 2013 with the first
retail conveyances in Germany. The BMW i8 was propelled in Germany in June
2014. The United States, Norway, Germany, and the UK are the fundamental
markets for the two models.

BMW Ideals arrived at the 50,000-unit mark in January 2016, and the 50,000th 13
was conveyed in July 2016. Two years after its presentation, the BMW i3 turned
into the world's record-breaking third top-rated all-electric vehicle, and stayed as,
for example, of December 2016. Combined worldwide deals of BMW I and I
Performance module mixed-race models accomplished the 100,000-unit
achievement toward the beginning of November 2016, and 300.000 units in
September 2018, including MINI brand, energized vehicles ranks second with a
hybrid market share of 6.9% of new car sales in the year 2014, wed by the
Netherlands with 3.7%

Gasoline or petrol It is a clear petroleum combustible nuid that is utilized

principally as a fuel in most flash touched off interior burning motors
The fiel utilized in interior ignition motors can affect sly affect the neighbourhood
condition and is likewise a supporter of worldwide human carbon dioxide
emanations. It comprises for the most of original mixes acquired by the partial
refining of oil, upgraded with an assortment of added substances. Fuet can likewise
enter the earth uncommitted, both as fluid and as fume, from spillage and taking
care of during creation, transport, and conveyance (eg, from capacity tanks, from
spills, and so forth.).
For instance, of endeavours to control such spillage, numerous underground
stockpiling tanks are required to have broad measures set up to distinguish and
forestall such breaks. EV's VS FUEL/GAS VEHICLES
 ➢ ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR

• Less pollution versus their combustible engine. More Eco friendly

• Charging it is as easy
• Cheap running costs
• Per running, price is lower
• Producing fewer emissions

➢ ARGUMENTS NOT IN FAVOUR

They still lag in one key area: production.

The pollution behind the manufacturing process of their batteries.
• People are not aware of it.

• Low charging stations.

1.1.1 COMPARISION BETWEEN FUEL BASED/GAS BASED AND

ELECTRIC BASED VEHICLES

• Diesel fuel contains somewhat more carbon (2.68kg CO/litre) than

petroleum (2.31kg CO/litre). In general CO: discharges of a diesel vehicle
will, in general, be lower. This compares to around 200g CO/km for oil and
120g CO/km for diesel.
• In a petroleum vehicle, these can be tidied up by a three-way exhaust
system, so it discharges, on average, around 30% less NO, than a diesel
vehicle, without after- treatment.
• Since a wide range of materials can be acquired from ELVs, as ferrous
metals (71%), glass (3%), plastics (8%), fluids (2%), elastic (5%),
nonferrous metals (7%), and others (4%), they are viewed as to a higher
degree a valuable asset than squander [3-5]. The modern auto reusing
 industry isn't an old one, as it is only 75 years of age at the worldwide level.
Fundamental advertising statistical data points demonstrate that the
autoreusing industry is an essential, showcase driven industry. Consistently,
more than 25 million tons of materials are reused from ELVs, and cars are
the most reused merchand on the planet today. As per auto reusing
measurements, beyond what 80% of a vehicle can be reused, and the stay
ing 20% that can’t be reused is named as “auto shredder build up” (ASR). In
this class, ferrous and nonferrous metal pieces, earth, glass, texture, paper.
Wood, elastic, and plastic are incorporated. There is an overall worry in
diminishing the level of ASR because around 5.5 million tons of ASR is
disposed of at landfills consistently.
• As indicated by the EPA, engine vehicles all in all reason 75 percent of
carbon monoxide contamination in the US. The Natural Resistance Store
(EDF) gauges that on-street vehicles cause 33% of the air contamination that
produces brown haze in the U.S., and transportation causes 27 percent of
ozone harming substance outflows.
• The national average Is 4,815 pounds of CO-equivalent emissions for a
typical EV per year as compared to the average gasoline-powered vehicle,
which produces 11,435 pounds of CO-equivalent emissions annually. “Since
the turn of the century, carbon dioxide emissions from utilities have grown
at an average of 2.3 percent a year”

• Producing batteries for electric vehicles require new assets and vitality, so
they may have a more prominent natural impression when new. Engine
vehicles on the whole reason 75 percent of carbon monoxide contamination
in the U.S. Electric vehicles are digging in for the long haul and are just
going to turn out to be increasingly productive and financially savvy versus
their ignitable partners.

1.1.2 ADVANTAGES/ ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR

• Daimler plans to use only renewable energy in vehicle production starting in

 2022, and Volkswagen says, “it will make production carbon-neutral by
2050…. Despite producing more emissions during the production stage,
electric vehicles still pollute far less than gas-powered cars throughout their
lifespan.”

• And charging it is as easy as charging your smartphone. Most electric car

drivers charge at home-something made even easier by Renault, which
provides a free home charge point for new retail customers purchasing a
New Renault ZOE.

• EVs are greener than the traditional internal combustion engine cars,
making the transition from the familiarity of fossil fuel to embracing electric
can feel daunting, no matter how urgently you think the climate emergency.
And best of all, the mileage costs are significantly cheaper. Prices will vary
depending on your electricity tariff, but according to the Energy Saving
Trust, charging an electric vehicle at home will cost, on average, 4-6p per
mile, and 8-10p if using a public charging This compares with 13-16p for a
petrol or diesel car.
• And with cheap running costs, electric cars can te your conscience. The
initial cost of an electric veh petrol or diesel equivalent though the
government £3,500 towards brand new 100% electric vehicles.

• Our barsk balance as well as to be higher than that of a ntly offers a grant of
up to But it’s in the daily running costs where electric vehicles excel. Fully
electric vehicles with a list price of under £40,000 are exempt from vehicle
excise duty as well as London’s congestion charge and its ultralow emission
zone charge. EVs don’t need oil changes and have fewer moving parts, so
you could save 20-30% on servicing and maintenance costs compared with
a petrol or diesel car.
Current electrical grids are mostly moving towards reducing their reliance
on fossil fuels and increasing their renewable energy production. With
electric vehicles already producing fewer emissions through their lifetime
 regardless of the energy source, it shows that EVs are indeed the vehicle of
the future. Car manufacturers are also accepting the fact that electric cars
are less polluting, and producing more EVs will help reduce total carbon
emissions.

1.1.3 DISADVANTAGES/ARGUMENTS NOT IN FAVOUR

• Electric vehicles are more environmentally friendly than their gas-powered

counterparts.
But they still lag in one key area: production.

• Contrast to the clean image of electric cars is the pollution behind the
manufacturing process of their batteries. There is indeed a range of rare
earth metals that make up the composition of the cell, and their extraction
and manipulation can contribute to carbon emissions.
1.2.1 ABOUT THE COMPANIES WHICH MAKES EV’S LEADING
BRAND

1. TESLA

Tesla, Elon Musk’s inventive innovation organization, is known for delivering

topnotch. Front-line vehicles with outstanding quality and imaginative highlights.
Tesla’s two most well-known vehicles are the Tesla Model S and Tesla Model X,
and progressively, the lower-cost Tesla Model 3.

The Model S Is Tesla’s extravagance car, and at the hour of its first discharge, it
was the most noteworthy evaluated vehicle at any point tried by Consumer
Reports. The Model X is the electric SUV from Tesla and highlights bird of prey
wing entryways,
 2. BMW

BMW is a German vehicle organization that produces extravagance vehicles. As of

late, they have entered the electric vehicle advertise with the BMW i3, an
allelectric- extravagance SUV with a conservative 5-seater planned basically for
urban and rural voyaging. The BMW 1 is a sub-brand of BMW established in 2011
to structure and production module electric vehicles. The organization’s underlying
plans require the arrival of two cars; the i3 all-electric vehicle and the 18 module
mixture. Idea forms of both these vehicles were appeared at the 2009 Frankfurt
Motor Show.
Arrangement creation of the BMW 13 bound for retail clients started in September
2013, and the European market dispatch occurred in November 2013 with the first
retail conveyances in Germany. The BMW i8 was propelled in Germany in June
2014. The United States, Norway, Germany, and the UK are the fundamental
markets for the two models.
3.NISSAN

Headquartered in Japan, Nissan has sold the most EVs of any producer around the
world. The Nissan Leaf drives Their electric vehicle contributions. The world’s
most well-known access vehicle, the Leaf offers all the advantages of driving
electric, while remaining accessible with a moderately low-value point.

Nissan Motors has built up a few idea vehicles and constrained creation of electric
vehicles and propelled the arrangement creation Nissan Leaf all-electric vehicle in
December 2010. As of December 2015, the Leaf is the world’s record-breaking top
of the line interstate competent module electric vehicle with more than 200,000
units sold since its introduction.

The Renault-Nissan Alliance submitted E4 billion (around US$5.2 billion) into its
electric vehicle (EV) and battery advancement programs with the mean to turn into
the pioneer in zero-emanation transportation. By mid-2015, the Alliance positioned
as the world’s driving electric vehicle producer with worldwide deals of more than
250,000 units conveyed since December 2010.

In August 2013. Nissan affirmed the organization has plans for 5 module vehicles
later On. These 5 incorporate the Nissan LEAF, the Infiniti LE, the Nissan
eNV200, and two
Not yet declared models
Nissan has a long history of creating and selling electric vehicles in limited
numbers. In 1974, they presented the Nissan Laurel C130-EV, which was initially
evolved by an organization Nissan procured in 1966, called the Prince Motor
Company. In 1946, Prince gave an electric vehicle, called the Tama, and it was
sold in constrained numbers.

Nissan e-NV200
Nissan Esflow
Nissan Town pod Nissan Leaf
Nissan Nuvu
Nissan Altra
4.CHEVROLET
Chevrolet is the car area of American Organization General Motors and sells a
broad scope of vehicles around the world. Chevy’s first attack into the all-electric
vehicle showcase is the Chevrolet Bolt, which offers more than 220 miles for every
charge at a cost for underneath other long-extend vehicles, for example, Tesla’s
flow line-up.
5.ORTAGE
Portage is a great American vehicle producer, delivering plenty of vehicles
available to be purchased worldwide from pickup trucks to module half and halves.
Their driving electric vehicle is the Ford Focus Electric. An electronic form of the
famous Ford Focus, the Focus Electric, is a moderate EV with all the look and feel
of a standard vehicle, however, with more than 100 miles for every charge in its
battery.

6.VOLKSWAGEN

Volkswagen is a German automaker known for the VW Beetle contribution, an

economical and substantial electric choice in the Volkswagen e-Golf. Another
generally reasonable EV, the e-Golf has a battery go around 80 miles for each
charge and feels like a customary Volkswagen vehicle. The Volkswagen Group
MEB stage is a particular vehicle stage for electric cars created by the Volkswagen
Group and its subsidiaries. It is utilized in models of Audi, SEAT, Skoda, and
Volkswagen.
The design Is expected to “unite electronic controls and lessen the number of
microchips, advance the use of new driver-help innovation and to some degree
adjust how vehicles are built” by the VW Group.
In 2017, the VW Group declared slow progress from ignition motor to battery
electric
Vehicles with every one of the 300 models across 12 brands having an electric
form By 2030.
As of May 2018, the VW Group had submitted US$48 billion in electric-vehicle
batteries supplies and declared designs to furnish 16 industrial facilities to
manufacture electric vehicles before the finish of 2022. The up and coming
Volkswagen-marked creation vehicles will be gathered in VW’s Zwickau plant in
Germany for the European market from 2020, while two creation habitats in North
America and China are intended to be “propelled at nearly the equivalent time.”
Audi Q4 e-Tron (production version expected late 2020) > SEAT el-Born
(production version expected 2020)
8.ŠKODA.
Skoda Enyaq (production version 2020) MEB hatchback model by 2022.
 CHAPTER 2-LITERATURE REVIEW

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that

cause Adverse change.

Types of infection caused by Vehicles;

2.1 AIR POLLUTION

The combustion of fuel can cause to formation of gases that contain the impurities
of carbon and other particles and cause air pollution.
The typical air pollutants are:
Ozone: Ground-level ozone is different from the ozone that protects people from
the sun. It is created on the ground when volatile organic compounds chemically
react with oxides of nitrogen in the presence of sunlight. These chemicals are a
result of motor vehicle exhaust, emissions from electric utilities and industrial
facilities. chemical solvents, and gas vapors. Ozone can have a detrimental effect
on your health, especially if you have been diagnosed with asthma, COPD, or
bronchitis. Ozone can also harm the ecosystem, causing changes to the quality of
habitats. nutrient cycles, and water.
Carbon Monoxide: A side-effect of the ignition procedure, carbon monoxide
emanations most regularly originate from transportation sources. Carbon monoxide
is unsafe to the body in that is restrains the blood's capacity to convey oxygen to
the organs. At elevated levels, it stops oxygen conveyance all together and causes
demise.

Sulphur Dioxide: The burning of petroleum derivatives at power plants, and other
mechanical offices are answerable for most of sulphur dioxide creation. It is
additionally amazingly destructive to the respiratory framework, causing expanded
asthma indications. Sulphur dioxide can respond with different mixes noticeable all
around, shaping little particles. These particles can imbed in the lungs, and disturb
emphysema patients, just as those influenced by coronary illness.

Lead: Lead emanations inside the air have diminished significantly as an

immediate consequence of the Natural Assurance Office's activities to expel the
lead from gas
Nitrogen Oxides: Created by the outflows framed from power plants, on-street
vehicles, and rough terrain vehicles, nitrogen oxides are one of the synthetic
compounds associated with the development of hurtful fine molecule
contamination and ground-level ozone. It is known for causing respiratory pain and
various other medical problems.

Particulate Issue: Additionally, alluded to as molecule contamination, this type of

contamination is amazingly unsafe to the body. Nitrates, natural synthetics, soil,
metals, sulphates, and residue particles are liable for making particulate issues. The
EPA has ordered the particulates into two classifications, including inhalable
coarse particles, and fine particles, contingent upon their size

Carbon Dioxide: This ozone-depleting substance is a natural result of breath. It is

likewise connected with the consumption of non-renewable energy sources.
Methane: Originates from the gas discharged by domesticated animals, and
marshes. .
Chlorofluorocarbons: When utilized as charges in vaporized things and
refrigerants, CFCs have been prohibited because of the unsafe impact on the ozone
layer.

2.2 NOISE POLLUTION

Traffic noise has a significant impact on human health. Yet it could easily be
halved, with existing technology, if more stringent limits were adopted. The
European Commission approved a proposal for a new regulation aimed at
tightening noise emissions standards for cars, vans, lorries, and buses.
Vehicle noise standards were last updated in 1996, so they were long overdue. The
Commission proposal foresees a four-decibel reduction in noise emissions from
cars and a three-decibel reduction from lorries. These tightened standards will enter
into force five years after the regulation receives final approval, i.e., not before
2017.

T&E, together with other environmental NGOs, has been advocating for the limits
to be enforced faster, with an additional third step of reductions for all vehicles to
come into force in 2020. The European Parliament voted on a first position in
February 2013. Member states then reached their first position at the end of the
Irish presidency in June.

The Commission, Parliament and member states came to a final agreement in

November 2013. Unfortunately, the Commission's proposal was significantly
weakened, adding unnecessary delay and a less ambitious level noise reduction.
This means noise reduction on the road won't be heard for as long as 30 years.

2.3 LAND POLLUTION

Land contamination implies debasement or devastation of the Earth's surface and

soil, legitimately or in a roundabout way because of human exercises.
Anthropogenic exercises are directed referring to advancement, and similar
influences the land radically, we witness land contamination; by extraordinary we
are alluding to any movement that reduces the quality or potential efficiency of the
land as a perfect spot for farming, forestation, development, and so forth. The
debasement of land that could be utilized valuably, at the end of the day, is land
contamination. 1. Soil contamination

Soil contamination is another type of land contamination, where the upper layer of
the dirt is harmed. This is brought about by the abuse of substance manures, soil
disintegration brought about by running water, and another nuisance control
2.4 OF BATTERIES-EV

The Lithium-Ion battery is composed of three major parts the Cathode the Anode
and Electrolyte. The cost of these batteries to be manufactured is the major
downfall of lithium-ion batteries. State-of-the-art cathode materials include
lithium-metal oxides (such as LiCoO2,
LiMn204, and Li (NixMnyCoz) 02), vanadium oxides, olivine's (such as
LiFePO4).
and Rechargeable lithium oxides. Layered oxides containing cobalt and nickel are
the most studied materials for lithium-ion batteries Anode materials are
lithium,graphite, lithium-alloying materials, intermetallic, or Silicon.
Lithium seems to be the most straight forward material but shows problems with
cycling behaviour and dendrite growth, which creates short Circuits. Carbonaceous
anodes are the most utilized anodic material due to their low cost and availability.
However, the theoretical capacity (372 mAh/g) is reduced compared with the
charge density of lithium (3,862 mAh/g)".
The battery Electric vehicle may have its flaws, but the technology that runs them
is an ongoing development of research. The future of the car is still an unknown
path and may take years or even decades to be precise.
The next big thing for the battery electric vehicle is the new technology into the
battery, as most would say the EV's Achilles heel. When the Lithium-Ion battery
was introduced with help from the U.S. Energy Department and the large scale
production of these batteries, the prices of batteries have drop nearly 50% in the
last four years.
"Consumers now have more choices than ever when it comes to buying an electric
vehicle. Today, there are 23 Plug-in electric and 36 hybrid models available in a
variety of sizes from the two-passenger Smart ED to the midsized Ford C-Max to
the BMW 13 SUV.
As gas costs proceed to rise and the costs on electric vehicles keep on dropping,
electric cars are picking up in prominence - with more than 234,000 module
electric vehicles and 3.3 million crossovers out and about in the U.S. present days.
They fundamental experts that these vehicles have generally plunge into the
ecological impacts that they can evacuate if everybody had an electric car. With an
Electric vehicle, you have zero tailpipe discharges because there is no tailpipe to
try and have them come out. >His effortlessness of having practically no moving
parts contrasted with a show ignition motor makes support of the electric vehicle
extremely simple. There are no liquids to change or fill, so that disposes of
practically all the normal upkeep things that are engaged with inner ignition motors
vehicles

2.5 EV’S BATTERY PRODUCERS

CATL

➢ China has the best Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL). The

world’s most significant EV battery producer, which is as follows BMW.
Volkswagen, Daimler, which makes Mercedes vehicles – Volvo, Toyota
Motor Corp, and Honda Motor Co among its partners:
➢ The organization rose as a significant power, mostly on account of Beijing’s
arrangementOf just sponsoring vehicles furnished with Chinese batteries on
the planet’s most Exceptional EV showcase. Beijing is eliminating EV
appropriations one year from now.
➢ CATL, which works manufacturing plants in China, is building its first
abroad plant in Germany and is thinking about a U.S. production line.
PANASONIC CORP

➢ Japan’s Panasonic, a provider of U.S. EV pioneer Tesla (TSLA.O), said it

had introduced gear to increase creation at Tesla’s Nevada plant to 35 GWh
from its present production of around 30 GWh (A gigawatt-hour (GWh or
GW. H) is a unit of electrical energy equal to 1000 megawatt-hours (MWh)
and similar to one billion (10^9) watt-hours, 3.6 terajoules, or 3.41 billion
British thermal units (Btu), Grid Connection Date.
➢ The date on which the plant is first connected to the electrical grid for the
supply of Power) starting late October. Panasonic has said it is putting about
$1.6 billion in the Processing plant. Panasonic additionally delivers EV
batteries in Japan, China, and plans to move a portion of its plants to another
joint endeavor with Toyota. Panasonic’s customers additionally Incorporate
Honda and Ford Motor Company (F.N).

BYD CO LTD

China’s BYD, which is supported by U.S. speculator Warren Buffett, is

additionally one of the world’s greatest EV battery creators. It, for the most part,
utilizes them in- house for its vehicles and transports. BYD said a year ago it is
being thought about cell creation in Europe.

LG CHEM LTD
The South Korean firm was an early industry mover, winning an agreement to
supply General Motor’s Volt in 2008. It additionally provides Ford, Renault,
Hyundai Motor Tesla, Volkswagen, and Volvo.
➢ It is contributing 33 trillion won ($2.8 billion) to construct and extend
creation Offices close to Tesla’s plant in Shanghai. It has a joint endeavor
(JV) in China with Geely Automobile Holdings, which makes Volvos, and is
in chats with different carmakers about JVs in significant markets. >The
firm is thinking about structure a second US. Production line
notwithstanding its office in Michigan and is growing its plant in Poland.
SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD

➢ Samsung SDI, a subsidiary of South Korean tech goliath Samsung

Electronics, has EV battery plants in South Korea, China, and Hungary,
which supply clients, for example, BMW Volvo and Volkswagen.
➢ Samsung SDI is contributing about 1.2 billion euros ($1.3 billion) to grow
its industrial facility in Hungary; however, the EU is researching whether
Budapest’s money related help follows the coalition’s state help rules.
➢ Samsung began creation a year ago on the Hungary plant, which will deliver
batteries for 50,000 EVs every year.
 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Primary data is used to analyse how likely people are interested and aware of
the EV's and would they switch to these cars and give up the fuel/gas-based
vehicles and to what extent do they believe that the growing pollution is an area
that needs immediate alternatives.
This study has been undertakes to explore a lot of different angles of electric
vehicles and to formulate that whether they can live is lives up to its image of
being termed as"Eco friendly" or if operated wisely can prove to reduce
pollution level in the country. > Data was collected to obtain relevant
information regarding people's perspective, whether they are likely to switch to
electric vehicles and been socially responsible.

Objectives of the study

➢ Purpose – To analyse the pollution percentage generated by the electric vehicles

during all three major stages of its lifespan.
Production On-Roa Disposal

➢ To understand perception of people about the alarming state of pollution and to

what level are they concerned and awareness they have regarding EV’s and whether
they are in market to stay or not.
Data that was collected through primary sources using structured questionnaires to obtain
relevant information regarding people’s perspective whether they are likely to switch to
electric vehicles and been a socially responsible citizen to curve pollution caused by
standard

Vehicle’s

This study has been undertaken to explore a lot of different angles of electric vehicles and
to formulate that whether they can live is lives up to its image of being termed as “Eco
friendly.” Or if operated wisely can prove to reduce the pollution level in-country
Keywords: Electric vehicles, Pollution, Mileage, Environment friendly, Energy,
 Chapter 4- Data Interpretation and Analysis

Q-1 Are you environmentally conscscious?

Frequency

Yes Consantly
Sometime
Maybe

STATEMENT-HOW MANY CARS DO YOU OWN?

Responses Frequency Percentage Mean
Yes Consantly 48.5 0.485
Sometime 41.2 0.412
Maybe 10.3 0.103
Total 100 1 2.382

Table 1 shows how many cars do respondents own. Where 14.4% do not
have cars, 25.8% have 1, 34% own two cars, and 25.8 % own three cars.
So, the majority of respondents own two cars.
Q-2 Should the government provide incentives for people to buy an electric
car.

Frequency

Definielty yes
Maybe
Definielty Not

STATEMENT- ARE YOU ENVIRONENTALLY CONSCIOUS?

Responses Frequency Percentage
Definitely Yes 62.2 0.622
Maybe 27.6 0.276
Definitely Not 10.2 0.102
Total 100 1 2.25

Table 2: show that how many people are environmentally conscious.

Where 48.5% are sure they are, 41.2 % are sometimes, and 10.3 % are
doubtful. So, the majority of the mean
Q3 Should the government provide incentives for people to buy an electric
car ?

Percentage

Definitely Yes
Maybe
Definitely Not

STATEMENT-WHAT IS THE MAIN POLLUTANT GENERATED FROM

MOTOR vehicles?
Responses Frequency Frequency
Definitely yes 62.2 0.622
May be 27.6 0.276
Definitely Not 10.2 0.102
Total 100 1 2.52

Table 3: show that what are the primary pollutants generated by motor
vehicles. Where 46.9% think its carbon monoxide, 18.4 % think its
nitrogen oxides, 9.2% think its lead, and 25.5 % prefer not to say. So, the
majority of respondents believe its carbon monoxide
Q-4 Have you ever personally owned an electric car ?

Percentage

Yes Hybird car

Yes fully electric
No

STATEMENT-WLL YOU ENGAGE IN CARPOOLING TO REDUCE

POLLUTION?
Responses Frequency Frequency
Definitely yes 24.7 0.247
May be 11.3 0.113
Definitely Not 63.9 0.639
Total 100 1 2.52

Table 4 shows that how many people will engage in carpooling if offered the
idea.
Q 5 What do you think will be main problematic area for you to switch to
electric cars ?

Percentage

Price
Mileage
Brand
Other

STATEMENT-HAVE YOU EVER PERSONALLY OWNED AN ELECTRIC

CAR?
Responses Frequency Frequency
Definitely yes 49 0.49
May be 34.7 0.347
Definitely Not 13.3 0.133
Other 3 0.3
Total 100 1 3.567

Table 5 shows how many personally have owned an electric car. Where 24.7%
have a hybrid version, 11.3 % own fully electric, and 63.9 % do not own. So,
the majority of
Q6 How much would you be willing to pay for Electric cars ?

Pecentage

Not more than 1 LK

Not more than 2 LK
Not more than 5LK

Responses Frequency Percentage

Not < 1LK 36.1 0.361
Not <2LK 38.1 0.381
Not < 5LK 25.8 0.258
Total 100 1 2.103
Q7 Will you engage in carpooling to reduce pollution ?

Percentage

Yes
May be
NO

p
STATEMENT-DO YOU CONSIDER OWNING AN ELECTRIC CAR IS AN
ADVANTAGE OVER OWNING A GASOLINE/FUEL CAR?
Responses Frequency Frequency
Yes 59.2 0.592
May be 27.6 0.276
NO 13.3 0.133
Total 100 1 2.461
 7 shows that how many consider owning an electric car is an advantage over
owning a gasoline/fuel car. Where 51.5% think, 28.9 % are neutral, and
19.6% do not agree. So, the majority of respondent agree that EV’s is an
advantage over its mean

Q 8 How long would you be willing to wait for electric cars to be fully
charged?

Pencentage

0-1 hour
1-3 hour
3+ hour

STATEMENT ACCORDING TO YOU ON WHICH THE FOLLOWING

STAGES IS THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION GENERATED BY
VEHICLES ARE THE HIGHEST?

Responses Frequency Frequency

0-1 hour 42.9 0.429
1-3 hour 38.8 0.388
 3+hour 18.4 0.184
Total 100 1 2.247

Table 8 shows on which the following stages are the level of pollution
generated by vehicles are the highest. Where 27.8 % think its production
stage, 44.3% think its production stage and 27.8 % think its production stage.
So, the majority of respondents think of its operation stage.

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS

Some of conclusions that I could drew from my study are as follows:

1. The majority of the respondents are environmentally conscious and have
fundamentalknowledge about pollution and its sources and pollutants,
2. The majority of the respondent is willing to engage in carpooling.

3. The majority of respondents agree that EV's can reduce EV's is an advantage
over its counterparts pollution levels and agree that

4. The majority of respondents believe its Price and charging times can be the two
most important factors that if captured efficiently can promote the sales for
EV's. 5. The majority of the respondent is willing not to pay more than two
lakhs for the electric version of their vehicles. 6. The majority of respondents
also believe that the government should provide incentives for people to buy an
electric car.

8.Although EV's pollute more than its counterparts in the production stage yet it
clearly pollutes less as compared to its counterparts in the overall lifespan and
combined all the 3 stages and hence is more environmentally sustainable.
The study suggests that people are now acknowledging the alarming state of
pollution and are ready to switch to more sustainable counterparts like electric
vehicles if offered the right price and features.

This subject was chosen from me because as a socially responsible citizen I am

curious exploring the more sustainable alternatives and electric vehicles are a top
notch solution to be existing degrading condition of the world. The rapid growth of
the innovation in auto while industry has also inspired me to focus on this
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS

Increasing the quantity of open charging stations is an absolute necessity. As a

dependable guideline district should offer one accessible charging point for every
ten enlisted electric vehicles.
User-accommodating charging framework. Normalized and more convenient to use
rules are required for stopping and installment at open charging stations. >
Coappointment of endeavours. More tests and exhibition ventures are required for
Intelligent charging frameworks.
Ensuring power lattice limit. Early inclusion of power organizations in arranging
and Development of a charging foundation is essential. Customize territorial and
city arranging. E-versatility must be better coordinated into Behaviour change is
significant for the progress towards e-portability. Changes may prompt undesirable
results relying upon singular practices Urban arranging.

5.2 LIMITATIONS

The sample consisted of people of age between 23 to 50, who are capable of
investing in automobile and being socially responsible but the limitation is that the
sample might contain people who don't even own car or lacks knowledge and
awareness about electric vehicle's
Another limitation of the study was the lack of time and electric vehicle's being a
very complex and dynamic concept; only limited research could be undertaken.
The limited sample size used for the research was also a limitation, and because of
which a very accurate representation cannot be obtained for the research.
Moreover, electric vehicles are an elaborate and new concept that is still in the
running if making a mark in thethe automobile industry.
5.3 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The future scope of this research is to ascertain that the people become more aware
of the Rising level of pollution and switch to EVs to act more responsibly and
curbs for ppollution Level
The scope for further research is also to discover the beliefs, perceptions, and
knowledge of people about the electric vehicles and detailed and systematic study
of the underlined factors that promote and project EVs as much more feasible
alternative.
Chapter 6:Refrences
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesellsmoor/2019/05/20/are-electric-vehicles-really- better-
forthe-environment/#7d71564f76d2\ https://evercharge.net/blog/electric-cars-vs-gas-vehicles-
what-you-need-to-know/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental aspects of the electric_car

https://www.transportenvironment.org/what-we-do/electric-cars
Chapter 7: Questionnaire
1. How many cars do you own?
o 0
o 1
o 2
o More than 2

2. Are you environmentally conscious?

o Yes constantly
o Sometimes
o Maybe

3. What is the main pollutant generated from motor vehicles?

o Carbon monoxide
o Nitrogen oxides
o Lead
o I don’t know

4. Will you engage in carpooling to reduce pollution?

 o Yes
o No
o Maybe

5. Have you ever personally owned an electric car?

o Yes a hybrid electric/petrol car

o Yes a fully electric car
o No I have never own an electric car

6.What do you think will be train problematic area for you to switch to electric
car’s?
o Price
o Mileage
o Brand
o Other
7. How much would you be willing to pay for an "Electric Conversion" of your
current car?
o Not more than 1 lakh
o Not more than 2 lakh
o Not more than 5 lakh

8. Should the government provide incentives for people to buy an electric car?
o Definitely Yes
o Maybe
o Definitely Not
o
9. From what sources do you get the most of your knowledge about electric cars?

o Television
o Internet Sources
 o Personal Communication
o Other
10. How long would you be willing to wait for your electric car to be fully -
charged?

o 01 Hour
o 1-3 Hours
o 3+ Hours