K N F E n g i n e e r i n g M a t h e m a t i c s I

Prepared by
DR NOR AZALINA ROSLI
1 Basic Definition

2 Linear and quadratic functions

3 Polynomial, Rational and Circular functions

4 Exponential, Logarithmic and Hyperbolic functions

 Exponent @ power
𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒂
base
x can be any real number
a can be any number > 0, but must not equal to 1

𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒆 𝒙

Euler’s number
2.7128
 ()
Given the function f x = 4 x , evaluate each of the following

f (− 2)

 1
f − 
 2
x
1
Given the function f (x ) =   , evaluate each of the following
5
f (− 3)

f (2)
An exponential function is a mathematical expression in
which a variable represents the exponent of an expression
  1
Simplify ( )
x0  x 2 3
  x2  x 2 
 
 
 4
  3  1
Simplify  x 2   x0   x5  x 2 
   
   
 Exponent @ power

log 𝒂 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒚= 𝒂 𝒙

base

log 𝒙 = log 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 Common log

log 𝒆 𝒙 = ln 𝒙 Natural log

Evaluate each of the following

log4 16

log2 16

1
log5
125

log 1 81
3

27
log 3
2
8
Evaluate each of the following

log1000
1
log
100
1
ln
e

ln e

log8 1
Expand

(
log 4 x 3 y 5 )

ln xy
Simplify

7 log12 x + 2 log12 y

5 ln(x + y ) − 2 ln y − 8 ln x
Simplify

log2 27 x − log2 3 x

1
ln 8 − 3 ln 
2
Solve e ( x + 4 ) = 7 for x
53 x = 5 7 x − 2

3 z = 9 z +5
log x + log(x − 1) = log(3x + 12)

ln10 − ln(7 − x) = ln x
log5 (2 x + 4) = 2

log x = 1 − log(x − 3)
 There are two special combinations of
exponential functions, called the hyperbolic
sine and hyperbolic cosine.
 The hyperbolic sine is denoted as sinh(x)
while hyperbolic cosine denoted by cosh(x).

e x − e− x e x + e− x
sinh x = cosh x =
2 2
 sinh x
tanh x =
cosh x

cosh x
coth x =
sinh x

1
sec hx =
cosh x

1
csc hx =
sinh x
Example : Compute f(0), f(1) and f(-1) for each
hyperbolic function below;
f ( x ) = sinh x
Example : Compute f(0), f(1) and f(-1) for each
hyperbolic function below;
f ( x ) = cosh x
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