10-7 Special Segments in A Circle

10-7 Special Segments in a Circle
Find x. Assume that segments that appear to be tangent are tangent.
1.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
2
2.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
6
3.
SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

10-7ANSWER:
Special Segments in a Circle
6
3.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
5
4.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
13
5. SCIENCE A piece of broken pottery found at an archaeological site is shown. lies on a diameter of the circle.
What was the circumference of the original pottery? Round to the nearest hundredth.
SOLUTION:
Let be the diameter of the circle. Then and are intersecting chords.
Find the length of the diameter by first finding the measure of ST.
10-7ANSWER:
13
5. SCIENCE A piece of broken pottery found at an archaeological site is shown. lies on a diameter of the circle.
What was the circumference of the original pottery? Round to the nearest hundredth.
SOLUTION:
Let be the diameter of the circle. Then and are intersecting chords.
Find the length of the diameter by first finding the measure of ST.
The diameter is equal to QS + ST or .
ANSWER:
71.21 cm
Find x to the nearest tenth. Assume that segments that appear to be tangent are
tangent.
6.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
10
7.
ANSWER:
10-710
7.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
5
8.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
48
9.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
10-7ANSWER:
48
9.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
14
10.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
13
11.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x by using the Quadratic Formula.

10-7ANSWER:
13
11.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x by using the Quadratic Formula.
Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is about 3.1.
ANSWER:
3.1
12.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
11.2
13.
10-7ANSWER:
11.2
13.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.
ANSWER:
7.4
14. BRIDGES What is the diameter of the circle containing the arc of the Sydney Harbour Bridge? Round to the
nearest tenth.
Refer to the photo on Page 754.
SOLUTION:
Since the height is perpendicular and bisects the chord, it must be part of the diameter. To find the diameter of the
circle, first use Theorem 10.15 to find the value of x.
Add the two segments to find the diameter.

Therefore, the diameter of the circle is 528.01+ 60 or about 588.1 meters.
ANSWER:
10-7ANSWER:
7.4
14. BRIDGES What is the diameter of the circle containing the arc of the Sydney Harbour Bridge? Round to the
nearest tenth.
Refer to the photo on Page 754.
SOLUTION:
Since the height is perpendicular and bisects the chord, it must be part of the diameter. To find the diameter of the
circle, first use Theorem 10.15 to find the value of x.

ANSWER:
588.1 m
15. CAKES Sierra is serving cake at a party. If the dimensions of the remaining cake are shown below, what was the
original diameter of the cake?
SOLUTION:
Since one of the perpendicular segments contains the center of the cake, it will bisect the chord. To find the
diameter of the cake, first use Theorem 10.15 to find x.
AddManual
eSolutions the two segments
- Powered to find the diameter.
by Cognero Page 8
The diameter of the circle is 9 + 4 or 13 inches.
ANSWER:
10-7ANSWER:
588.1 m
15. CAKES Sierra is serving cake at a party. If the dimensions of the remaining cake are shown below, what was the
original diameter of the cake?
SOLUTION:
Since one of the perpendicular segments contains the center of the cake, it will bisect the chord. To find the
diameter of the cake, first use Theorem 10.15 to find x.

ANSWER:
13 in.
CCSS STRUCTURE Find each variable to the nearest tenth. Assume that segments that appear to be
tangent are tangent.
16.
SOLUTION:
Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is 6.

10-7ANSWER:
13 in.
CCSS STRUCTURE Find each variable to the nearest tenth. Assume that segments that appear to be
tangent are tangent.
16.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
6
17.
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
10-76Special Segments in a Circle
17.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
7.1
18.
SOLUTION:
First, find the length, a, of the tangent segment to both circles using the intersecting secant and tangent segments to
the smaller circle.
Find x using the intersecting secant and tangent segments to the larger circle.

10-7ANSWER:
7.1
18.
SOLUTION:
First, find the length, a, of the tangent segment to both circles using the intersecting secant and tangent segments to
the smaller circle.
Find x using the intersecting secant and tangent segments to the larger circle.
ANSWER:
14.6
19.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find a.
Next, use the intersecting chords to find b.
ANSWER:
a = 15; b ≈ 11.3
10-7ANSWER:
14.6
19.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find a.
Next, use the intersecting chords to find b.
ANSWER:
a = 15; b ≈ 11.3
20.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find q.
Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of q is 9.

Use the intersecting secant segments to find r.
Solve for r using the Quadratic Formula.

10-7ANSWER:
a = 15; b ≈ 11.3
20.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find q.
Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of q is 9.

Use the intersecting secant segments to find r.
Solve for r using the Quadratic Formula.
Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of r is about 1.8.

Therefore, the values of the variables are q = 9 and r ≈ 1.8.
ANSWER:
q = 9; r ≈ 1.8
21.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting secant segments to find c.
eSolutions
Use Manual - Powered bysecant
the intersecting Cognero
and tangent segments to find d. Page 14
Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of r is about 1.8.
Therefore, the values of the variables are q = 9 and r ≈ 1.8.
10-7ANSWER:
q = 9; r ≈ 1.8
21.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting secant segments to find c.
Use the intersecting secant and tangent segments to find d.
Therefore, the values of the variables are c ≈ 22.8 and d ≈ 16.9.

ANSWER:
c ≈ 22.8; d ≈ 16.9
22. INDIRECT MEASUREMENT Gwendolyn is standing 16 feet from a giant sequoia tree and Chet is standing next
to the tree, as shown. The distance between Gwendolyn and Chet is 27 feet. Draw a diagram of this situation, and
then find the diameter of the tree.
SOLUTION:
Let d be the diameter of the tree.

Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find d.
So, the diameter is about 29.6 ft.
ANSWER:
29.6 ft
Therefore, the values of the variables are c ≈ 22.8 and d ≈ 16.9.
10-7ANSWER:
c ≈ 22.8; d ≈ 16.9
22. INDIRECT MEASUREMENT Gwendolyn is standing 16 feet from a giant sequoia tree and Chet is standing next
to the tree, as shown. The distance between Gwendolyn and Chet is 27 feet. Draw a diagram of this situation, and
then find the diameter of the tree.
SOLUTION:
Let d be the diameter of the tree.

Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find d.
So, the diameter is about 29.6 ft.
ANSWER:
29.6 ft
PROOF Prove each theorem.

23. two-column proof of Theorem 10.15
Given: and intersect at B.
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. and intersect at B. (Given)
2. , (Inscribed that intercept the same arc are
3. (AA Similarity)
4. (Definition of similar
5. (Cross products)
PROOF Prove each theorem.

Given: and intersect at B.
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
3. (AA Similarity)
5. (Cross products)
ANSWER:
Proof:
3. (AA Similarity)
5. (Cross products)
24. paragraph proof of Theorem 10.16

Given: Secants and
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
and are secant segments. By the Reflexive Property, . Inscribed angles that intercept the
same arc are congruent. So, . By AA Similarity, By the definition of similar
triangles, Since the cross products of a proportion are equal,
ANSWER:
Proof:
same arc are congruent.
eSolutions Manual - Powered So,
by Cognero . By AA Similarity, By the definition of similar Page 17
3. (AA Similarity)
10-75.Special Segments in(Cross
a Circle
products)
24. paragraph proof of Theorem 10.16

Given: Secants and
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
ANSWER:
Proof:

Given: tangent secant
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
1. tangent and secant (Given)
2. (The measure of an inscribed ∠ equals half the measure of its intercept arc.)
3. (The measure of an ∠ formed by a secant and a tangent = half the measure of its intercepted
arc.)
4. (Substitution)
5. (Definition of
6. (Reflexive Property)
7. (AA Similarity)
8. (Definition of
9. (Cross products)
ANSWER:
Proof:
10-7triangles,
Special Segments inSince
a Circle
the cross products of a proportion are equal,

Given: tangent secant
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
arc.)
4. (Substitution)
5. (Definition of
7. (AA Similarity)
8. (Definition of
9. (Cross products)
ANSWER:
Proof:
arc.)
4. (Substitution)
5. (Definition of
7. (AA Similarity)
8. (Definition of
9. (Cross products)
26. CRITIQUE Tiffany and Jun are finding the value of x in the figure at the right. Tiffany wrote 3(5) = 2x, and Jun
wrote 3(8) = 2(2 + x). Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
7. (AA Similarity)
8. (Definition of
9. (Cross products)
26. CRITIQUE Tiffany and Jun are finding the value of x in the figure at the right. Tiffany wrote 3(5) = 2x, and Jun
wrote 3(8) = 2(2 + x). Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
Jun; the segments intersect outside of the circle, so the correct equation involves the products of the measures of a
secant and its external secant segment.
ANSWER:
Jun; the segments intersect outside of the circle, so the correct equation involves the products of the measures of a
secant and its external secant segment.
27. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the methods for finding measures of segments when two secants
intersect in the exterior of a circle and when a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: When two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, the product of the measures of one secant
segment and its external segment is equal to the product of the measures of the other secant segment and its
external segment. When a secant and a tangent intersect at an exterior point, the product of the measures of the
secant segment and its external segment is equal to the square of the measure of the tangent segment, because for
the tangent the measures of the external segment and the whole segment are the same.
ANSWER:
secant segment and its external segment is equal to the square of the measure of the tangent segment, because for
28. CHALLENGE In the figure, a line tangent to circle M and a secant line intersect at R. Find a. Show the steps that
you used.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find the value of a.
ANSWER:
10-7secant segment
Special and its
Segments in external
a Circlesegment is equal to the square of the measure of the tangent segment, because for
28. CHALLENGE In the figure, a line tangent to circle M and a secant line intersect at R. Find a. Show the steps that
you used.
SOLUTION:
Use the intersecting tangent and secant segments to find the value of a.
ANSWER:
29. REASONING When two chords intersect at the center of a circle, are the measures of the intercepting arcs
sometimes, always, or never equal to each other?
SOLUTION:
Since the chords intersect at the center, the measure of each intercepted arc is equal to the measure of its related
central angle. Since vertical angles are congruent, the opposite arcs will be congruent. All four arcs will only be
congruent when all four central angles are congruent. This will only happen when the chords are perpendicular and
the angles are right angles
Therefore, the measures of the intercepted arcs are sometimes equal to each other.
ANSWER:
Sometimes; they are equal when the chords are perpendicular.
30. OPEN ENDED Investigate Theorem 10.17 by drawing and labeling a circle that has a secant and a tangent
intersecting outside the circle. Measure and label the two parts of the secant segment to the nearest tenth of a
centimeter. Use an equation to find the measure of the tangent segment. Verify your answer by measuring the
segment.
SOLUTION:
the angles are right angles
Therefore, the measures of the intercepted arcs are sometimes equal to each other.
10-7ANSWER:
Sometimes; they are equal when the chords are perpendicular.
30. OPEN ENDED Investigate Theorem 10.17 by drawing and labeling a circle that has a secant and a tangent
intersecting outside the circle. Measure and label the two parts of the secant segment to the nearest tenth of a
centimeter. Use an equation to find the measure of the tangent segment. Verify your answer by measuring the
segment.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer:
Therefore, the measure of the tangent segment is about 2.4 centimeters.

ANSWER:
Sample answer:
x ≈ 2.4 cm
31. WRITING IN MATH Describe the relationship among segments in a circle when two secants intersect inside a
circle.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The product of the parts on one intersecting chord equals the product of the parts of the other chord.
ANSWER:
32. is tangent to the circle, and R and S are points on the circle. What is the value of x to the nearest tenth?
A 7.6
B 6.4
C 5.7
D 4.8
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
10-7ANSWER:
32. is tangent to the circle, and R and S are points on the circle. What is the value of x to the nearest tenth?
A 7.6
B 6.4
C 5.7
D 4.8
SOLUTION:
Since length can not be negative, the value of x is 5.7.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.
ANSWER:
C
33. ALGEBRA A department store has all of its jewelry discounted 40%. It is having a sale that says you receive an
additional 20% off the already discounted price. How much will you pay for a ring with an original price of $200?
F $80
G $96
H $120
J $140
SOLUTION:
Discount price = 200 – 80 = 120
Discount
eSolutions Manualprice = 120
- Powered by –Cognero
24 Page 23
= 96
So, the correct choice is G.
10-7ANSWER:
C
33. ALGEBRA A department store has all of its jewelry discounted 40%. It is having a sale that says you receive an
additional 20% off the already discounted price. How much will you pay for a ring with an original price of $200?
F $80
G $96
H $120
J $140
SOLUTION:
Discount price = 200 – 80 = 120
Discount price = 120 – 24

= 96
So, the correct choice is G.
ANSWER:
G
34. EXTENDED RESPONSE The degree measures of minor arc AC and major arc ADC are x and y, respectively.
a. If m∠ABC = 70°, write two equations relating x and y.
b. Find x and y.
SOLUTION:
a. Since the sum of the arcs of a circle is 360, x + y = 360,
and by Theorem 10.14, y – x = 140.
b.
Therefore, x = 110° and y = 250°.
ANSWER:
a. x + y = 360 and y – x = 140
b. x = 110°, y = 250°
35. SAT/ACT During the first two weeks of summer vacation, Antonia earned $100 per week. During the next six
weeks, she earned $150 per week. What was her average weekly pay?
A $50
B $112.50
Therefore, x = 110° and y = 250°.
ANSWER:
10-7a.Special
x + y =Segments – xa=Circle
360 and y in 140
b. x = 110°, y = 250°
35. SAT/ACT During the first two weeks of summer vacation, Antonia earned $100 per week. During the next six
weeks, she earned $150 per week. What was her average weekly pay?
A $50
B $112.50
C $125
D $135
E $137.50
SOLUTION:
Simplify.
So, the correct choice is E.
ANSWER:
E
36. WEAVING Once yarn is woven from wool fibers, it is often dyed and then threaded along a path of pulleys to dry.
One set of pulleys is shown. Note that the yarn appears to intersect itself at C, but in reality it does not. Use the
information from the diagram to find
SOLUTION:
First, use intersecting secants to find m∠GCD.
By vertical angles, m∠BCH = m∠GCD. So, m∠BCH = 39.

Since major arc BAH has the same endpoints as minor arc BH, m(arc BAH) = 360 – m(arc BH).
Therefore, the measure of arc BH is 141.
ANSWER:
141 Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 25
Copy the figure shown and draw the common tangents. If no common tangent exists, state no common
tangent.
So, the correct choice is E.
10-7ANSWER:
E
36. WEAVING Once yarn is woven from wool fibers, it is often dyed and then threaded along a path of pulleys to dry.
One set of pulleys is shown. Note that the yarn appears to intersect itself at C, but in reality it does not. Use the
information from the diagram to find
SOLUTION:
First, use intersecting secants to find m∠GCD.
By vertical angles, m∠BCH = m∠GCD. So, m∠BCH = 39.

Since major arc BAH has the same endpoints as minor arc BH, m(arc BAH) = 360 – m(arc BH).
ANSWER:
141
tangent.
37.
SOLUTION:
Four common tangents can be drawn to these two circles.
ANSWER:
10-7ANSWER:
141
tangent.
37.
SOLUTION:
Four common tangents can be drawn to these two circles.
ANSWER:
38.
SOLUTION:
Every tangent drawn to the small circle will intersect the larger circle in two points. Every tangent drawn to the large
circle will not intersect the small circle at any point. Since a tangent must intersect the circle at exactly one point, no
common tangent exists for these two circles.
ANSWER:
no common tangent
39.
SOLUTION:
Three common tangents can be drawn to these two circles.

ANSWER:
circle will not intersect the small circle at any point. Since a tangent must intersect the circle at exactly one point, no
common tangent exists for these two circles.
10-7ANSWER:
no common tangent
39.
SOLUTION:
Three common tangents can be drawn to these two circles.
ANSWER:
40.
SOLUTION:
Two common tangents can be drawn to these two circles.
ANSWER:
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Graph each figure and its image along the given vector.
41. with vertices K(5, –2), L(–3, –1), and M (0, 5);
SOLUTION:
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Graph each figure and its image along the given vector.
41. with vertices K(5, –2), L(–3, –1), and M (0, 5);
SOLUTION:
The coordinates of the vertices of the translated triangle are K’(2, –6), L’(–6, –5), and M ’(– 3, 1).
ANSWER:
42. quadrilateral PQRS with vertices P(1, 4), Q(–1, 4), R(–2, –4), and S(2, –4);
SOLUTION:
The coordinates of the vertices of the translated quadrilateral are P’(– 4, 7), Q’(–6, 7), R’(–7, –1), and S’(– 3, –1).

42. quadrilateral PQRS with vertices P(1, 4), Q(–1, 4), R(–2, –4), and S(2, –4);
SOLUTION:
The coordinates of the vertices of the translated quadrilateral are P’(– 4, 7), Q’(–6, 7), R’(–7, –1), and S’(– 3, –1).
ANSWER:
43. with vertices E(0, –4), F(–4, –4), and G(0, 2);
SOLUTION:
The coordinates of the vertices of the translated triangle are E’(2, –5), F’(–2, –5), and G’(2, 1).
ANSWER:
43. with vertices E(0, –4), F(–4, –4), and G(0, 2);
SOLUTION:
The coordinates of the vertices of the translated triangle are E’(2, –5), F’(–2, –5), and G’(2, 1).
ANSWER:
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line having the given slope and y-intercept.
44. m: 3, y-intercept: –4
SOLUTION:
The slope-intercept form of a line of slope m and y-intercept b is given by y = mx + b.
For this line, substitute m = 3 and b = –4.
So, the equation of the line is y = 3x – 4.
ANSWER:
y = 3x – 4
45. m: 2, (0, 8)
SOLUTION:
To find the slope-intercept form of the equation of this line use the point-slope form of a line, y – y 1 = m(x – x1)
where m is the slope and (x1, y 1) is a point on the line.
Here, m = 2 and (x1, y 1) = (0, 8).

So, the equation of the line is y = 3x – 4.
ANSWER:
10-7ySpecial
= 3x – 4Segments in a Circle
45. m: 2, (0, 8)
SOLUTION:
Here, m = 2 and (x1, y 1) = (0, 8).
ANSWER:
y = 2x + 8
46.
SOLUTION:
Here, and (x1, y 1) = (0, –6).
ANSWER:
47.
SOLUTION:
The slope-intercept form of a line of slope m and y-intercept b is given by y = mx + b.For this line, substitute
and b = .
So, the equation of the line is .
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
47.
SOLUTION:
The slope-intercept form of a line of slope m and y-intercept b is given by y = mx + b.For this line, substitute
and b = .
ANSWER:
48. m: –1, b: –3
SOLUTION:
For this line, substitute and b = –3.
So, the equation of the line is y = –1x – 3 or y = –x – 3.
ANSWER:
y = –x – 3
49.
SOLUTION:
For this line, substitute and b = 1.
ANSWER:

10-7 Special Segments in A Circle

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10-7 Special Segments in a Circle

Find x. Assume that segments that appear to be tangent are tangent.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

The diameter is equal to QS + ST or .

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4

Solve for x by using the Quadratic Formula.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

Solve for x by using the Quadratic Formula.

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is about 3.1.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6

Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is about 7.4.

Add the two segments to find the diameter.

Add the two segments to find the diameter.

Add the two segments to find the diameter.

Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is 6.

Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is 6.

Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10

Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of x is about 7.1.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11

Next, use the intersecting chords to find b.

Next, use the intersecting chords to find b.

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of q is 9.

Solve for r using the Quadratic Formula.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of q is 9.

Solve for r using the Quadratic Formula.

Since lengths cannot be negative, the value of r is about 1.8.

Use the intersecting secant and tangent segments to find d.

Therefore, the values of the variables are c ≈ 22.8 and d ≈ 16.9.

Let d be the diameter of the tree.

So, the diameter is about 29.6 ft.

Let d be the diameter of the tree.

So, the diameter is about 29.6 ft.

PROOF Prove each theorem.

PROOF Prove each theorem.

24. paragraph proof of Theorem 10.16

24. paragraph proof of Theorem 10.16

25. two-column proof of Theorem 10.17

25. two-column proof of Theorem 10.17

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 19

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 20

Therefore, the measure of the tangent segment is about 2.4 centimeters.

Solve for x using the Quadratic Formula.

Since length can not be negative, the value of x is 5.7.

Discount price = 200 – 80 = 120

Discount price = 200 – 80 = 120

Discount price = 120 – 24

Therefore, x = 110° and y = 250°.

So, the correct choice is E.

By vertical angles, m∠BCH = m∠GCD. So, m∠BCH = 39.

Therefore, the measure of arc BH is 141.

By vertical angles, m∠BCH = m∠GCD. So, m∠BCH = 39.

Therefore, the measure of arc BH is 141.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 27

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 29