Collecting

Quantitative
Data
Parlindungan Pardede
5 Steps in Quantitative Data Collection Process

obtaining
locating and
permissions Considering what
Determining selecting or administering the
(access) needed types of
participants and designing data collection
from individuals information to
sites to study instruments and
and collect
protocols to use
organizations

Creswell (2015), Chapter 4.

1. Determining Participants (and sites)

Analysis Unit
(individual,
Research family, school, Population
Questions or school & Sample
(Hypotheses) district )
Population vs Sample

Population: all members from a

specified group, all possible
outcomes or measurements that are
of interest.

Sample: the group of members/

elements that actually participated
in the study
Determining Population and Sample Size
Sampling Techniques
Systematic Random Sampling
The sampling
method that
divides a vast
population into
groups (or
clusters) several
times
Non-Probability Sampling
Judgmental Sampling

Members are chosen from an easily accessible

members are chosen based on a researcher’s and available group of people
previous knowledge and judgment.
Members are chosen by dividing a population into strata (groups) based on pre-determined
characteristics (age, gender, income, education). A quota is then set for each stratum, based on the
proportion of the population that it represents, participants are selected until the quota is reached.
Snowball Sampling
2. Where to Obtain permission?
• Institutions or organizations (e.g., school district)
• Specific sites (e.g., the secondary school)
• A participant or group of participants
• Parents of participants (e.g., 10th graders' parents)
• The campus on which the research is conducted
3. Considering Data Types
Activities Flow Examples

Effect of using What’s App to students writing skills

What’s App use= writting questions and responses

in online communication through WhatsApp
students writing skills= score obtained in students’
expressions

Grammar and diction in expressions & writing

assessment using rubrics

Scores o each expressions ranged from 0-100

Steps in Developing or Constructing an Instrument