BS 142 : Section 4.1 : 1984 pe o21 316,562.2.621.316 925 {© British Standards Institution. No part ‘of this publication may be photocopied ‘or otherwise reproduced without the ior permission in writing of BSI British Standard Electrical protection relays Part 4. Requirements for multi-input energizing quantity relays Section 4.1 Specification for biased (percentage) differential relays Relais de protection électrique Partie 4. Prescriptions relatives aux relais & plusiers grandeurs d’alimentation d’entrée Section 4.1 Specification relative aux relais différentiels & pourcentage Elektrische Schutzrelais Teil 4. Anforderungen an Relais mit mehreren ErregungsgréRen Abschnitt 4.1 Stabilisierte Differentialrelais British Standards Institution bBS 142 : Section 4.1: 1984 Contents Page Inside front cover Back cover Foreword Committees responsible Specification Subsection one. General 1. Scope 1 2. Definitions 1 Subsection two. Performance 3. Characteristic values 4, Limits of the operative range of the auxiliary energizing quantities Operation and accuracy Thermal requirements Rated burden Mechanical classification Construction Contact performance Marking and data 1 1 Subsection three. Tests 12, General 3 18, Tests related to accuracy and operating characteristics 3 14, Tests for performance with through current Foreword ‘This Section of BS 142, having been prepared under the direction of the General Electrotechnical Engineering Standards Cammittee, is one of a serios that collectively supersedes BS 142 : 1966 which has been withdrawn. The text of this Section is based upon IEC Publication 255-13 : 1980 Electrical relays Part 13. Biased (percentage) differentia relays’ published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Page 18, Insulation tests 4 16, Thermal tests 4 17. Mechanical tests 4 18. High-frequeney disturbance test 4 Appendices A. Recommended methods of presenting relay characteristics and performance 5 B. Recommended method of measuring harmonic restraint characteristics 8 Tables 1, Reference conditions and test tolerances of influencing quantities and factors 2 2. Limits of the nominal ranges of influencing ‘quantities and factors 2 Figures 1, Test circuits for checking operating characteristics and associated accuracies 6 2. Operating characteristic under reference conditions 7 3, Operating time under reference conditions 7 4. Harmonic restraint characteristics 8 However, reference is made to the correspanding clauses of BS 142 : Section 2.2 in cespect of constructional, mechanical and vibration requirements, thus invoking the more stringent requirements considered necessary within the UK for protection relays Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer imimunity from legal obtBS 142 : Section 4.1 : 1984 —_ British Standard Electrical protection relays Part 4. Requirements for multi-input energizing quantity relays Section 4.1 Specification for biased (percentage) differential relays ee NOTE. Ths Section shovld be red in conjunction with BS 142 : Part O General introduetion and ist of Parts and 8S 142 Section 1.1 ‘Glossry of protection relay terms ‘Subsection one. General 1. Scope ‘This Section of BS 142 is @ lower level document which specifies the performance requirements for electrically biased (percentage) differential relays, and the parameters ‘whose values are to be declared by the manufacturer of such relays. These relays constitute a particular sub-family lof measuring relays with more than one input energizing quantity, the general requirements of which are the subject of BS 142 : Section 2.2 This Section also recommends methods of presenting the characteristics and performance of these relays This Section applies to relays designed for the detection of faults particulary in a.c. generators, motors and trans: formers, It does not apply to relays designed for busbar protection, nor does it apply to current differential (e4. pilot wire) relays used for the protection of trans mission fines, This Section covers the majority of biased (percentage) differential relays and also, for example, those where the restraint percentage increases as the ‘through current increases. ‘The tests in clauses 13 to 18 are type tests. ‘This Section applies only to relays in a new condition. NOTE. The tite ofthe publications eeferre to in tis Section are listed on the inside bock cover 2. Definitions For the purposes of this Section of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS 142 : Section 1.1 apply, together with the following 2.1 differential relay. A relay which, by its design, is intended to respond to differential current, 2.2 biased (or percentage) differential relay. A differential relay in which the designed response is modified by 2 restraint current 23 differential current. in a differential relay, a current ‘which is the phasor difference between specified incoming {and outgoing currents. 24 restraint current. In a differential relay, the combination (of incoming and outgoing currents, which restrains operation of the relay. 28 restraint percantage. The ratio, expressed as a percentage, between the differential current and the Festeaint current(s) up to whieh the relay does not operate. NOTE, The definition of restraint percentage ignores an error, taich may not be negligible, due vo the finite operating current Fequired under zero restraint conctions. This may be taken into ecount when necessary. 2.6 through eurrent, In a differenti (of the total incoming current that i ‘outgoing current. relay, that portion Iso present in the ‘Subsection two. Performance 3. Characteristic values 3.1. Inputand auxiliary energizing quantities and frequency. ‘There are no specified values of input and auxiliary energizing quantities and of frequency but preferred values are given in clause 3 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. 3.2. Reference values of influencing quantities and factors ‘and values of their nominal and extreme ranges 3.2.1 Influencing quantities and factors. The reference ‘conditions shal be as specified in table 1 of BS 142 Section 2.2 : 1982. In addition, the conditions given in table 1 in this Section apply to biased (percentage) differential relays 3.2.2 Limits of the nominal ranges of influencing ‘quantities and factors, The values shall be as specified in table 2 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. In addition, the values given in table 2 of this Section apply to biased (percentage) differential relays. 3.3 Characteristic quantities and setting ranges. There are ‘no specified rated values of either characteristic quantities for setting ranges, The values and the limits of setting ranges shall be declared by the manufacturer. 3.4 Restraint percentage, There are no specified values of restraint percentage, The setting values shall be declared by the manufacturer 35 Resetting and disengaging ratios. There are no specified values of the resetting and disengaging ratios. ‘The values shall be declared by the manufacturer 4, Limits of the operative range of the auxiliary energizing quantities ‘The limits of the operative range of the auxiliary energizing quantities shall be in accordance with clause 4 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. i; iBS 142 : Section 4.1: 1 Table 1. Reference conditions and test tolerances of influencing quanti CCharacterite and input Influencing quantity or factor Input energizing currents Restraint current and factors Reference conditions ‘As declared by the manufacturer ie Differential current ‘As declared by the Bete sene) manufacturer Phase angle between input energizing quantities Transient dc. component in ac. ° Zero {see note) Asitiary energizing ‘uantitien NOTE. nthe speci case of relay in when polyphase measurements ar8 at of the input currents small be Under Table 2. Limits of the nor Setting value(s), where setting adjustments are possible Transient 'd.c. component in a.c nce conditions Influencing quantity or factor ‘As declared by the manufacturer I Zero | (see note) 5% of peak ac. value ‘ona single relay, the manufacturer shall define which minal ranges of influencing quantities and factors Character energizing quanti ic and input Reference input energizing quantity Non-reference input energizing quantity Phase angle between input energizing quantities ‘As declared by the manufacturer Waveform Steady-state d.c, component in ac. Transient d.c, component in a.c Ausilary energizing ‘quantities Voltage or current Waveform ‘Steady state d.c, component in acc. Transient d.c. component in ac. ‘As declared by the manufacturer5. Operation and accuracy 5.1 Operation 5.1.1 Operating characteristic. The manufacturer shall ‘declare the operating characteristics of the relay under reference conditions, these including the reference setting of the differential circuit, and at the maximum and minimum settings of the restraint circuits, when applicable. 5.1.2 Operating time. The manufacturer shall declare the ‘operating times of the relay under reference conditions at three and ten times the operating value of the differential current at its minimum and maximum settings {if any) Where necessary, this shall be done on a three phase basis 5.1.3 Effective ronge*. The manufacturer shal declare the effective range” of restraint current values. 5.1.6 Maximum through current. The manufacturer shal declare the maximum through current up to which the relay produces no output. The relay shall be able to withstand the sudiden application and removal of through current up to this value, This duration shall be declared by the manufacturer and shal! be at least 100 ms. NOTE. This maximum vei is bed ona tet in which thre to intentional sifeental current; the incoming and eutgoine {eovoughl currents Proud be eave. 5.15 Harmonie restraint. For relays which have harmonic restraint, the manufacturer shall declare which of the harmonics have a restraining effect and explain how the hharmonic restraint interacts with the fundamental frequency restraint. The amount af each of these harmonies which will prevent operation ofthe relay shall be declared, the amount being expressed 28a percentage of the ditforentia eurrent at the rated frequency. If different values are obtained under steady state and dynamic conditions, the highest value shall be stated 5.2 Accuracy. For biased (percentage) differential relays the manufacturer shall declare the assigned etrors for the ‘operating characteristics and for the operating time, tunder reference conditions, in accordance with the requirements of clause G of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. {nd pertormance are sven in append & and lustre in figures, 33nd 4 6. Thermal requirements ‘The thermal requirements shall be as specified in clause S of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. In addition, when a differential circuit has a lower thermal capability than the restraint circuit the thermal capability shall be declared by the manufacture 7. Rated burden ‘The rated burden shall be as specified in clause 8 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. In addition, the following requirements apply. {a} If the differential circuit has a lower thermal capability (and therefore a lower rated value! than the restraint circuits, it shall be considered to have the same rated value as the restraint circuits for the purpose of making burden measurements, (b) The manufacturer shall declare the burden between ‘each appropriate set of input terminals: (1) with no differential current flowing: (2) with differential current equal to input current. See term 907 of 85 142 Section 1.1 1982. BS 142 : Section 4.1 : 1984 8, Mechanical classification The mechanical classification shall be in accordance with clause 9 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. 9. Construction ‘The requirements of clause 10 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982 apply. 10. Contact performance The requirements of 8S 142 : Section 1.2 apply. NOTE, 85 142 : Section 1.2 requtesroferenco to BS 5992 : Part} 11. Marking and data ‘The marking and data rea clause 11 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 rements shall be as specified in 1982, ‘Subsection three. Tests 12, General The classification of tests and the requirements for routine testing shall be in accordance with clause 12 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982, 13. Tests related to accuracy and operating characteristics 13.1. Tost conditions 13.1.1 All influencing quantities and factors shall be at the reference values {within the specified test tolerances) Lniess being varied for test purposes 13.1.2 The auxiliary energizing quantities shall be at the rated values for al tests unless being varied for test purposes, 18.1.3 Timing tests shall be done with zero through current over the range of the values of the differential current for which specified times ae declared by the manufacturer NOTE. Other tess with through current maybe areed between the manulacturer and user 13.2 Test circuits and methods for measuring the relay characteristics 13.2.1 Single phase and polyphase relays, Single-phase relays shall be tested as specified in 13.22 and 13.2.3, Where polyphase relays are provided, they shall be tested with the relevant combinations of phase currents, and the magnitudes of the test currents shal be as declared by the manufacturer. 19.2.2 Operating characteristics (see figure Va) for a recommended test cicu't). For differential relays, the tests shall be performed as follows: (3) with /; equal to zero, check the threshold value of the relay: {b} with low values of fa, increase / until relay operates (c) increase f2 to higher value. Again increase /g unt relay operates; (4) repeat for a number of different /; values up to the limit of the effective range, Values shall be as declared by the manufacturerBS 142 : Section 4.1 : 1984 18.2.3 Operating time characteristics (see figure 1(b) for a recommended test circuit). For differential relays, the tests shall be performed as follows: {a) set current level with switch closed. {©) open switeh: {c) apply test current by closing switch, and measure operating time; (d) if point-on-wave contro! is used, choose the angle which gives maximum time, If this Control is not available, take ten shots at a random closing angle; (e) repeat test procedure for higher values of current. 13.2.6 Harmonic restraint characteristics (see figure (cl). ‘There is no specified method of measuring these character: istics but a recommended method is given in appendix B. 14. Tests of performance with through current 14,1 When testing to determine the limiting value of through current up to which the relay will not operate, the duration of the application of current shall be doclared by the manufacturer 14.2 For relays with more than two restraint circuits, the total current shall be applied to one restraint circuit 4s an incoming current, and divided approximately ‘equally among the other restraint ciccuits, a outgoing currents. If one or more of the restraint windings are ‘of minor importance the test procedure shall be declared by the manufacturer. 15, Insulation tests ‘The requirements of BS 142 : Section 1.3 apply. NOTE. BS 142 : Section 1.3 vequites reference to BS $992 : Part 3 16. Thermal tests The tests for thermal requirements shall be performed in accordance with clause 13 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. 17. Mechanical tests The tests for mechanical requirements shall be performed in accordance with clause 14 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982. In addition to the test conditions specified in 14.1.1 of BS 142 : Section 2.2 : 1982 the following condition shall also be fulfilled for diferentia relays: ‘At values of the differential current of zero for the Initial value and three times the operating value for the final value. Uness otherwise specified by the manufacturer the differential current shal be applied suddenly (see figure 1(b) for an example of a suitable test circuit) 18. High-frequency disturbance test Where required for static relays, the test for high-frequency disturbance shall be performed in accordance with BS 142 : Section 1.4Appendix A Recommended methods of presenting relay characteristics and performance A.1 Operating characteristics. The operating character istics and their astociated limits of error may be shown graphically as in figure 2, Other methods may also be used. When presenting the operating characteristics of a relay the manufacturer may use as @ restraint current any combination of incoming and outgoing currents, depending fon relay design, Where appropriate, the manufacturer should declare results both on a single and a three phase basis. A.2 Operating time, The accuracy of the operating ‘times over a range of currants may be shown graphically as in figure 3 or it may be deciared by the manufacturer for a specified range of differential currents. Normally only 2 maximum operating time is declared, A.3 Harmonic restraint. Figure 4(a) shown a recom- ‘mended method of presenting in graphical form the harmonic restraint characteristic of a differential relay which uses only one harmonic frequency to restrain. Figure 4(b) shows a recommended method for a differential relay that responds to more than one hharmonic frequency, BS 142 : Section 4.1: 1984 Appendix B Recommended method of measuring harmonic restraint characteristics (see figure 1(c)) Let Fe be the current at rated frequency and let xp be the current at specified harmonic frequency (see figure 4(a)). Use the following procedure (a) set value of Ig to initial value, {b) increase fy current from zero until relay operates. The reference condition of the phase relationship between fp and Iyge should be as declared by the manufacturer, {} repeat at different values of /x¢ current, (d) repeat iter (b) with different phase relationships between /¢ and /ep plotting additional curves if necessary, {e} having found the values under steady-state ‘conditions, the test should be repeated under dynamic conditions by switching fp and Ie currents simultaneously from zero ‘The test should be conducted with no transient dc. in the fundamental current. H necessary, increase /x until relay is blocked from operating, woBS 142 : Section 4.1: 1984 (a) Operacing characteristic test (0 Operating time test {el Harmonie restraint test re 1. Test circuits for checking operating characteristics ‘and attociated accuraciesBS 142 : Section 4.1 Ditferentiat current Limits of ert under reference conditions Non-operate zone [or exomte — Limits of effective range NOTE, Setting value shouldbe stated Figure 2. Operating characteristic under reference conditions Operating time Upper limit of time 1 I i i t T i Differential current p= 4} i H 1 Multiple of setting value Fa Limits of effective range ed " ing time under reference conditions 1984BS 142 : Section 4.1 : 1984 Cuttent he Operate 1g = Cumtent at rated frequency Current at specitied ‘ne * harmonic frequency Non-operate hes ie NOTE. Setting value should be stated {a} Response toa single harmonic fraqueney Curent ‘xr Operate Operate Operate | ° a ed any Frequency of xr Ib) Response to diferent harmonic trequencles Figure 4. Harmonic restraint characteristics ) 2Publications referred to BS.142_Elecciea protection elays Part 0 Genera! introduction and list of Pars Section 111 Slosary of protection relay terms Section 1.2 Speciicatian for contact perrormance Section 1.3 Specification for srulation testing Section 14 Spacitcstion far te igh frequency caturbance ves for static lays Section 22 Specstication for gensral requirement for masturing relays ured For protection Section 2:3 Specification for thermal electric! relay 855992 Electrical relays Part 1 Specification for contact performance of electrical relays Part 3 Specileation forthe insulation testing af electrics clays WeC 255-19" Electrical relays Part 19 iaeed percentage) differential relays Reteried to inthe foreword only. For information about SI services relating o third pany certication to sutable Britsh Standard product specifications, schemes for the registration of ferns of assessed capability, testing and inspection facies, please contact the Drector, Quality Assurance Dwvision, BSI, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ. Tel Hemel Hempstead 3111 Bh,This Brish Standord, naving en prepared under the direction of the General Electrotechnical Engineering Standarce Commitee ‘es published under the authovty of the Bosra of BSI and comes into efect 09 30 Apri 1964, {© Betish Standards Institution, 1984 SBN 0 580 11958 0 Britis Standard Inetitution Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI isthe independent nations body forthe preparation of British Standards Its the UK member ‘of the International Organization fo Standardization and UK. fontor of the British National Committee ofthe International Electrotechnical Commision copyright [Unere of British Standards ae reminded that copyright subsists io 85! pubtiestions. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BSI, Thi ‘doesnot preclude the free use, in the coure of implementing the andard, of necessary details such as symbols ana siz, type oF (gade deignations. Enaurier souls be addressed to the Puboicatons Manager, British Standards Institution, Linford Wood, Committees responsible for this British Standard “The preparation ofthis British Standace was entrsted by the General lactrotecnnicl Engingering Standards Committee (GEL/-) to Techrics! Committee GELIS upon which the following bodies were represented Beams Transmission and Distribution Association Brith Telecommunieations Electricity Supply tndusty io England and Wales Electronic Components Industry Federation stitution of Electra! Engineers Minstry of Defence Amendments issued since publication BS 142: Section 4.1 : 1984 Mitton Keynes MK14 6LE. The number far telephone enquires (0908 320033 and Yor telex 825777 Contract requcements [A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for ther correct appiieation. Revision of British Standards ‘eit Standards are revises, when necessary, by the sue ether of amendments or of revied ections. Ita important that users of Brith Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest smandments or editions Information on all @St publications sin the 85/ Catalogue, supplemented each month by BS! Nows wnich is avaiable to subscribing members of the Institution and ges details of new publizations, revisions, amendments aed withdrawn standards. Any eran wh, when making use of @ Batisn Standard, encounters an inaccuracy oF Ssebiguity, i requested to natty BSI without delay inorder that {the mater may be investigated and approzriate vt'on rake, The folowing BSI relerancos calate te the sork on this standard Committee reference GELIS Drafts for comment 77/20825 DC 1/24881 DC Telecommuniation Engineering and Manufacturing Assocation (TEMA) “The Following bodies were also represented inthe drafting ofthe standard, tough subeommitees sé pena Asociaton of Consulting Engineers CControt and Automation Manufacturers’ Association (BEAMA) National Supervising Inspectorate South of Scotland Electricity Board Aid, No. Date of sue | Textaffected British Standards Institution - 2 Park Street London W1A 28S - Telephone 01.629 9000 - Telex 266933 2404-5—1 54-8 GeLs BEL: Ly uonoeS :Zpl SA