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Identify the terms, their coefficients for each of the following expressions.
(ii) 1 + x + x2
(iv) 3 - pq + qr - rp
(v)
Answer :
The terms and the respective coefficients of the given expressions are as follows.
- Terms Coefficients
(i) 5xyz2 5
- 3zy -3
(ii) 1 1
x 1
x2 1
(iii) 4x2y2 4
- 4x2y2z2 -4
z2 1
(iv) 3 3
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- pq -1
qr 1
- rp -1
(v)
- xy -1
- 0.6ab - 0.6
0.5b 0.5
Q2 :
Classify the following polynomials as monomials, binomials, trinomials. Which polynomials do not
fit in any of these three categories?
Answer :
Q3 :
Answer :
The given expressions written in separate rows, with like terms one below the other and then
the addition of these expressions are as follows.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
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(iv)
Q4 :
(b) Subtract 3xy + 5yz - 7zx from 5xy - 2yz - 2zx + 10xyz
(c) Subtract 4p2q - 3pq + 5pq2 - 8p + 7q - 10 from 18 - 3p - 11q + 5pq - 2pq2 + 5p2q
Answer :
The given expressions in separate rows, with like terms one below the other and then the
subtraction of these expressions is as follows.
(a)
(b)
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(c)
Answer :
(i) 4 x 7p = 4 x 7 x p = 28p
(ii) - 4p x 7p = - 4 x p x 7 x p = (- 4 x 7) x (p x p) = - 28 p2
(iv) 4p3 x - 3p = 4 x (- 3) x p x p x p x p = - 12 p4
(v) 4p x 0 = 4 x p x 0 = 0
Q2 :
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Find the areas of rectangles with the following pairs of monomials as their lengths and breadths
respectively.
(p, q); (10m, 5n); (20x2, 5y2); (4x, 3x2); (3mn, 4np)
Answer :
We know that,
Q3 :
2x 4x2 … … … … …
- 5y … … - 15x2y … … …
3x2 … … … … … …
-4
Answer :
Q4 :
Obtain the volume of rectangular boxes with the following length, breadth and height respectively.
(i) 5a, 3a2, 7a4 (ii) 2p, 4q, 8r (iii) xy, 2x2y, 2xy2
(iv) a, 2b, 3c
Answer :
We know that,
Q5 :
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Answer :
(i) xy x yz x zx = x2y2z2
(ii) a x (- a2) x a3 = - a6
Carry out the multiplication of the expressions in each of the following pairs.
Answer :
Q2 :
(i) a b+c+d -
(ii) x+y-5 5 xy -
(iii) p 6p2 - 7p + 5 -
(iv) 4p2q2 p2 - q2 -
Answer :
(i) a b+c+d ab + ac + ad
Q3 :
(ii)
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(iii)
(iv) x × x2 × x3 × x4
Answer :
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) x × x2 × x3 × x4 = x10
Q4 :
(a) Simplify 3x (4x - 5) + 3 and find its values for (i) x = 3, (ii) .
(b) a (a2 + a + 1) + 5 and find its values for (i) a = 0, (ii) a = 1, (iii) a = - 1.
Answer :
= 108 - 45 + 3
= 66
(ii) For
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(b)a (a2 + a + 1) + 5 = a3 + a2 + a + 5
(i) For a = 0, a3 + a2 + a + 5 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 5 = 5
=1+1+1+5=8
=-1+1-1+5=4
Q5 :
Answer :
Second expression = q (q - r) = q2 - qr
Third expression = r (r - p) = r2 - pr
Therefore, the sum of the given expressions is - 2x2 - 2y2 - 4xy + 2yz + 2zx.
(vi)
Answer :
= 8x2 - 6x + 20x - 15
= 3y2 - 4y - 24y + 32
(iii) (2.5l - 0.5m) × (2.5l + 0.5m) = 2.5l × (2.5l + 0.5m) - 0.5m (2.5l + 0.5m)
= 6.25l2 - 0.25m2
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(iv) (a + 3b) × (x + 5) = a × (x + 5) + 3b × (x + 5)
= ax + 5a + 3bx + 15b
(v) (2pq + 3q2) × (3pq - 2q2) = 2pq × (3pq - 2q2) + 3q2 × (3pq - 2q2)
(vi)
Q2 :
Answer :
(i) (5 - 2x) (3 + x) = 5 (3 + x) - 2x (3 + x)
= 15 + 5x - 6x - 2x2
= 15 - x - 2x2
= a3 + a2b2 + ab + b3
Q3 :
Simplify.
(i) (x2 - 5) (x + 5) + 25
(viii) (a + b + c) (a + b - c)
Answer :
(i) (x2 - 5) (x + 5) + 25
= x2 (x + 5) - 5 (x + 5) + 25
= x3 + 5x2 - 5x - 25 + 25
= x3 + 5x2 - 5x
= a2 (b3 + 3) + 5 (b3 + 3) + 5
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= t (t2 - s) + s2 (t2 - s)
= t3 - st + s2t2 - s3
= a (c - d) + b (c - d) + a (c + d) - b (c + d) + 2 (ac + bd)
= ac - ad + bc - bd + ac + ad - bc - bd + 2ac + 2bd
= 4ac
= x (2x + y) + y (2x + y) + x (x - y) + 2y (x - y)
= 3x2 - y2 + 4xy
= x3 + y3
= 2.25x2 - 16y2
(viii) (a + b + c) (a + b - c)
= a (a + b - c) + b (a + b - c) + c (a + b - c)
= a2 + ab - ac + ab + b2 - bc + ca + bc - c2
= a2 + b2 - c2 + 2ab
Answer :
(i) (x + 3) (x + 3) = (x + 3)2
= x2 + 6x + 9
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= 4y2 + 20y + 25
= 4a2 - 28a + 49
(iv)
= 1.21m2 - 0.16
= b4 - a4
= 36x2 - 49
(viii) ( - a + c) ( - a + c) = ( - a + c)2
= a2 - 2ac + c2
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(ix)
Q2 :
Answer :
= x2 + 10x + 21
= 16x2 + 24x + 5
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(iii)
= 16x2 - 24x + 5
(iv)
= 16x2 + 16x - 5
(v) (2x +5y) (2x + 3y) = (2x)2 + (5y + 3y) (2x) + (5y) (3y)
= 4a4 + 28a2 + 45
= x2y2z2 - 6xyz + 8
Q3 :
Answer :
(i) (b - 7)2 = (b)2 - 2(b) (7) + (7)2 [(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2]
= b2 - 14b + 49
(ii) (xy + 3z)2 = (xy)2 + 2(xy) (3z) + (3z)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
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(iii) (6x2 - 5y)2 = (6x2)2 - 2(6x2) (5y) + (5y)2 [(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2]
Q4 :
Simplify.
(iii) (7m - 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2 (iv) (4m + 5n)2 + (5m + 4n)2
Answer :
(i) (a2 - b2)2 = (a2)2 - 2(a2) (b2) + (b2)2 [(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 ]
= a4 - 2a2b2 + b4
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(ii) (2x +5)2 - (2x - 5)2 = (2x)2 + 2(2x) (5) + (5)2 - [(2x)2 - 2(2x) (5) + (5)2]
= 98m2 + 128n2
= 4p2 - 4q2
= a2b2 + b2c2
= m4 + n4m2
Q5 :
Show that
(i) (3x + 7)2 - 84x = (3x - 7)2 (ii) (9p - 5q)2 + 180pq = (9p + 5q)2
(iii)
(v) (a - b) (a + b) + (b - c) (b + c) + (c - a) (c + a) = 0
Answer :
= 9x2 - 42x + 49
= 9x2 - 42x + 49
L.H.S = R.H.S
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L.H.S = R.H.S
(iii) L.H.S =
= 48pq2 = R.H.S
(v) L.H.S = (a - b) (a + b) + (b - c) (b + c) + (c - a) (c + a)
Q6 :
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Answer :
= 25 + 2 + 0.04 = 27.04
= 90000 - 9 = 89991
= 6400 - 4 = 6396
= [(1)2 - (0.05)2] x 10
= 0.9975 x 10 = 9.975
Q7 :
Answer :
= (20.0) (4.2) = 84
Q8 :
(i) 103 x 104 (ii) 5.1 x 5.2 (iii) 103 x 98 (iv) 9.7 x 9.8
Answer :
= 10000 + 100 - 6
= 10094