Isomers which have different structures with reference to space

Itave same connectivity of stereoisomers

atoms but diffeeer aleannents in space
t 4
configurational isomers Relative arrangement of groups conformational isomers
around atom in space
Non interconvertible Resolvable Interconvertible Nonresolvable

Due to rotation around

f te C c bond
Geometrical Optical isomerism

Geometrical isomerism

Molecules having same molecular structural formals but differ in

arrangement of atoms groups in space due to restricted rotation ace

known as G Isomers phenomenon as GI

Condition for GI

a GI arises due to presence of

i Double bond i e cf N N N

Cii Ring structure

Reas on Rigidity of doublebond Ring Cor restricted rotation about

the groups CoD atoms

9 y
a y
r
c X l
C we cannot one carbon
x
b Y b

b All the connected to

atoms should be in same plane
Ca b should be same plane
X y
Groups responsible to show GI must be nearly in same plane
c Different groups should be attached at each double bonded atom

GI arises due to change in aerial distance bt the groups

 an lo hange n e
goop
About c
as Cf

a
c C A B X Y GI exist
b y

About N

a D
N Atb GI exist
b y

About N N

N N GI exist
b

About KI b
a b

NIEturee
ype leo.CI in c

Cis E If 2 Same groups are present on same side of F CI

it is called cis isomes

Thang 2 Same groups are present on opposite side of Jc

Examples
a a a k eb l
i3
b1
c
cf b bl
C c
ta
Cla
same group l Cis
cis Trans ez trans

a b an a
r
ii c X No GI C c NO GI X
al b al lb
D
 Caa Caa X

Caa Cbd
Caa Cb

Cab Cab

Cab Cbd

Cab Ccd

H H D
Hy c
Ciii C C c
Dl LD pl D
cis Trans

H H H R
Civ c c c c
Rl IR Rl L H
cis Trans

HzC CH3 H
HzC
G c c c
H H
H CHS
Cis 2 butene Trans 2 butene

Note At room temp Cis cannot convert to trans

CVD

cis Trans

H 00C OH COOH
CUD
y
CEC
Hyc c

H Hoo H
H

Maleic acid cis Fumasic acid Trans are G I

s me
 same C 3
c
VII H NO GI

I c
7 Tee
cis Trans
 Type 2 E Z Nomenclature

E Entegegen 2 Zusammen
a x
For CIC will show GI but we cannot use
b y
cis trans In such cases we

use E Z nomenclature

E High priority groups on opposite side

Z t same side

HP Hp LR HP HP Highpriority
i
C C C C LP how c
LLP
LPI LLP Hpl
2 form E form

Configuration Criteria Naming

Cisltrans Similarity of groups cis 2 Same group same side

Trans i a i Opp Side

Elz Priority of groups E Prior groups opposite

2 Prior Same side

Priority rules CIP RULES CAHN INGOLD PRE LOG RULES

Rule l i Priority L Z'of atom directly attached to spacarb

17
Ct H Br H
r
Ex C C C c
t F D l F
Br
I 9
ell O
E 35

Z form E form
 compare priority of atoms on a carbon

Rule 2 IGisotopes of atom are attached then

Priority L At wt of element For isotopes
Cl H
c c
l D
F D
E form

Rule 3 If the first atom attached is same then

consider next atom and if it is same extend in the chain

until we
get point of difference Kl H H
H H
H dI d
1
C
H H
EI C C H H
it d Ba
c c
I I
F I
H
H H
c H D
Lf.fi't
H o H ID
F
IF I
C
i
C HyO C 3
I 1
H I GH
H
C C
f it it
H C C C C H3
I l
H H
c H H
Da
Ct H H
I
Ruley If directly attached group contains double bend

triple bond then duplicate triplicate atoms hypothetical

o É o

EI Jc cy CEN outmity
atom

C N

exe c c É É
d d

Iz e
T CH
CEN

CH z

F
HO
E
E isomer

Rules If after converting a multiple bond it

both groups appear same then highapriority is

unoriginal one

C
it CH
C E CH d c

c c
Eet Ece int
dHz c Hz I Hz kHz
g
 Then low priority given for CH

Rule 6 Bond pair is more prior than Lonepais

Rule 7 i for stereochemical group structure wise same

S but not 3D
Z E R

CH Me
Hf c
C
CH CH Me
H G
MayCon May not
Pseudo GI
E C H
Hz C Hz
C C T E
H
l z

E isomer