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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hagen, Stacy A., 1956-
Sound advice : a basis for listening / Stacy A. Hagen. ed.
p.cm.
-2nd
ISBN 0-13-081361-3
l. English language Textbooks for foreign speakers. 2. English
language--Spoken English Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Listening
Problems. exercises. etc. I. Title.
PEl128 .H226 1999
428.3'4-dc2l
99-34259
CIP
Editorial Director: Allen Ascher

Executive Editor: Louisa Hellegers
Development Manager: Penny lnporte
Development Editor: Andrea Bryant
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Electronic Production Editor: Carey Davies
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Art Director: Merle Krumper
Illustrators: Dorothea Sierra, Carlotta Tormey, Shelly Matheis
Realia: Wendy Wolf
Interior Design: Rachel Baumann, Carey Davies
Cover Design: Susan Newman Design, Inc.
O 2000 by PEARSON EDUCAIION.

Pearson Education, 10 Bank St., White Plains, NY 10606-1951
All rightsreserved. No part of this book may be

reoroduced. in anv forni or bv any means,
without peimissirin in writin! froh the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
1098
rsBN 0-1,3-08r3hl,-3
CONTENTS
-a.-a.--*a.â.^^.â.-a..^'^.â..a'a.â..-..a.
^.^^.
to:[,
understandins the Basics I
Chapter I Reductions 3
t-l Syllable Stress 4
l-2 Ellipsis 6
l-3 Function Words 8
1-4 More Ellipsis: Dropping Initial Words 9
t_5 going to, went to, hove to r0
t_6 Reductions for ondlor ll
Chapter 2 Introduction to Linking t5
2-l Linking with Vowels l6
2_2 Linking ldentical Consonants t8
Chapter 3 Special Sound Changes 23

3-l The Flap 24
3-2 -tyl-teen 26
3-3 -nt Reduction 27
3-4 The Glottal Stop 29
3-5 ConlCon't 30
3-6 of 3l
3-7 Linking of with Vowels 32
Chapter 4 Silent h 37
4-l Function Words Beginning with h 38
4-2 Questions Beginning with hovelhos 4l
4-3 Pronoun Summary 43
toZLBuitdins
on the Basics 47
Chapter 5 Advanced Linking 49

5-l Linking Similar Consonants 50
5-2 Linking with -ed Endings 52
5-3 Assimilation with y 54
Chapter 5 Focus on Function Words 59

6-l Listening for Unstressed Words 60
6-2 olon 62
6-3 ourlorelor 64
Chapter 7 Contractions 59
7-l Negative Contractions 70
7-2 Common Contractions with Personal Pronouns 72
7-3 Contractions with "wh" Words 73
7-4 Other Contractions with will 76
7-5 The 't" Contraction 78
7-6 Contractions with itlthot 79
Chapter 8 Endings and Beginnings 83

8-t -s/-es Endings 84
8-2 -en Ending 85
8-3 Adjective Endings 86
8-4 Prefixes 87
8-5 Comparative and Superlative Endings 89
PffiI,,1! Aduanced lisrening

Concerfs 93
,.1l!l\
Chapter 9 Grammar Challenges I 95
9-l Understanding Tag Questions 96
9-2 lnfinitives (to + verb) and Gerunds (verb + -ing) 98
9-3 Negative Comparisons t00
9-4 Talking To vs. Talking About r0l
Chapter l0 Grammar Challenges ll t05

t0- | Past Tense Modal Reductions t06
t0-2 Expressing Conditions with Should and Had il0
Chapter | | SpecialAspects of Intonation and Stress I t5

il-l Statements as Questions il6
I 1-2 Tag Endings |7
I t-3 Contrastive Stress lt8
I l-4 lndicating Surprise with Yes/No Questions il9
I r-5 Using Rhetorical Questions to Show Sarcasm t20
-hrg.iiJ.lt-','l':: t23
Chapter l2 TOEFL Practice I t25
Chapter t3 TOEFL Practice ll l3l

Chapter t4 TOEFL Practice lll 137
Appendix 143
Tapescript t45
Answer Key t7l
iv(
DEDICATION
a-. ^ --....
for M. D. R.
whose wisdorr, talent, and love rnade this work possible
ACKIIOWTEDE ilIENTS
-^. .^.a.^.
^.-4..-'L.^.^.
I would like to again thank those people who helped shape the first edition:
Suzanne Cloke, Joyce Kruithof, Daphne Mackey, Eric Deeter, Steven\Teinberger, Michael Legutke,
Barbara Griffeth, Pat Grogan, BrendalWhite, and Arthur Maisel.
Additional thanks to Sheryl Olinsky, for her enthusiasm and focus in overseeing the start of the
second edition.
My immense gratitude to Andrea Bryant, development editor, for her creativityr patience, and
very careful editing. Her fine work and attention to detail are evident on every page.
)u
PREFACE TO TIIE SECOND EDITIOTI
Sound Advice : A Basis for Listening presents a skills approach to discrete-point listening.
Designed for intermediate to advanced students, it covers the key features of spoken English which
are essential for the comprehension of authentic, natural speech - what English language learners
generally refer to as "fast English." Vhether the source is television, radio, or a casual encounter,
students are regularly frustrated by rapid, relaxed speech. Even universiry-bound students trained in
academic listening are often at a loss when trying to respond to extended conversational discourse.
Through systematic practice with linking, assimilation, and reduced speech, students gain accuracy
in understanding common, yet troublesome, aspects of listening comprehension.
Key Fealures in lhe Second Edition

The second edition incorporates the helpful suggestions of teachers, students, and reviewers
who have had extensive experience working with the text. IJsers of the first edition will find
numerous organizational changes, beginning with the division of the text into these four parts:
Part I: Understanding the Basics
Part II: Building on the Basics
Part III: Advanced Listening Topics
Part IV: TOEFL@ Practice
Part I teaches the most basic concepts, such as recognizing reduced words and linking. Once
students have mastered these concepts, they are ready for the more advanced phenomena in Part II,
including linking similar consonants, listening for function words, and understanding contractions.
Grammatically challenging concepts that were interspersed throughout the first edition have been
moved to Part IIL Part fV contains updated TOEFL@-style questions to assist students in preparing
for the Short Dialogues and Casual Conversations passages in the Listening section of the revised
TOEFL@ test. (If you are using an earlier version of theTOEFL@ test, these questions are found in
Parts A and B of the Listening Comprehension section.)
\il7hile the listening phenomena taught have largely remained the same, the accompanying
exercises have been completely reworked. They are now developed around contexts which relate to
the students'everyday lives, such as school, work, and travel. Students are often asked to think
about their own experiences in connection with the exercises, and many of the exercises are followed
by high-interest questions to stimulate pair and group discussion. The chapters begin with a preview
activity to introduce students to troublesome aspects of listening comprehension. They conclude
with chapter review exercises, including creative "chants," to help students consolidate what they
have learned, and test preparation practice.
;,-J
TO TIIE TEACIIER
Oueruiew
Sound Adaice: A Basis for Listening, Second Edition is designed for intermediate/high intermediate
to advanced students. Although the material can be covered successfully in one term, you may wish
to allow two terms if the material is used primarily as a supplement. Lab use is encouraged, since
many of the exercises are appropriate for self-study. This will allow a class to progress more quickly
through the material. Chapters 12,13, and l4 have been updated to prepare students for the
Listening section of the revised TOEFL@ test, and can be done solely in a lab if time presents a
problem.
It is recommended that you cover the chapters in order, as subject matter is arranged beginning
with the easier, more general concepts and moves to those which are more specific and challenging.
The material spirals so that features found in earlier chapters will be reviewed in subsequent ones.
The exercises deliberately do not encourage extensive pronunciation practice. Since receptive
skills precede productive ones, it is essential that students gain receptive familiarity before they
incorporate the patterns into their own speech. If you would like a text specifically designed for
comprehensive pronunciation practice, contact your publisher's representative about Sound
Advantage: A Pronunciation Book.
Erercise Presenlafion
These suggestions reflect an approach that has been successful for me, however your individual
needs may call for a different approach.
Each chapter, except for the final TOEFL@ chapters, opens with a Preview, where students
hear a statement or question and choose the picture that best matches what they have heard. Since
this is a preview of the material that will be covered in the chapter, it will prove challenging to most
students. Please assure them that the concept will be taught and practiced shortly. While you may
choose to provide answers at this point, the explanations are best saved for when you are covering
that particular topic in the chapter.
After the Preview, you will see the first in a series of Charts. The charts clearly explain the
phenomena that will be presented in the exercises, and include both sound representations and
examples in usage.
After each chart there is a series of Exercises that practice the point which was taught in the
preceding chart. There are a variety of exercise types, including listening for target sounds, fill-in-
the-blanks, and "agree or disagree."
. \fhen students are asked to listen for target sounds, they should hear the sentence at least
twice, and perhaps several times, as they gain familiarity with a particular concept. They will
often be asked to complete a task, such as underlining the linking or identifiiing reduced
words.
. The fill-in-the-blanks can be part of either individual sentences or conversations. uThile
students often find it helpful to hear individual sentences at least twice, it is useful for them to
hear complete conversations once without stopping. Then they can go back and fill in the
blanks, sentence by sentence, as they deal with smaller chunks of information.
. Another type of exercise, called Your Turn, asks students to listen to a series of statements
and answer them, or decide if they agree or disagree. This encourages better comprehension
and helps prevent rote-type responses. These statements also provide an excellent opportunity
for personal expression.
uii
. Many of the exercises conclude with a feature called What do you think? which was
designed specifically to stimulate pair and group discussion.
Finallg there is a Chapter Review, beginning with a "chant" that was specifically developed to
review listening phenomena in a longer, rhythmic passage, as well as encourage discussion and
entertain. Students can practice by first identiffing the target phenomena, then listening, and finally,
if appropriare, practicing with others. Some of the chants highlight potentially difficult vocabulary
and idioms, and I suggest that you review these first. Also in the Chapter Review are the test
practice sections, Test Yourself I and Test Yourself 2 (TOEFL@ Practice). Test Yourself I
follows the style of some of the more current listening tests, which require students to choose an
appropriate response to a question they hear. To simulate test conditions, you may want students to
hear the question only once. Test Yourself 2 (TOEFL@ Practice) is based on the first part of the
Listening section of the TOEFL@ test, where students are presented with short dialogues and must
choose a response for the question they hear. More extensive TOEFL@ practice can be found in
Chapters 12,13, and 14.
Sound-Spbol Correspondence
My primary consideration in choosing a sound-symbol representation was that it be clear and
immediately accessible to students. The sound representations stay as close to the Roman alphabet
as possible so that students unfamiliar with the International Phonetic alphabet will not be at a
disadvantage, and valuable time needed for listening will not be spent on mastering sound
transcription.
Sound representations are indicated in italics. Boldface is used to highlight words or phrases
introduced or explained in the charts. Stressed syllables and words are indicated in capital letters.
Dialect Uariation
The speech in this text is of the dialect spoken in the Central and $Testern regions of the United
States. It is inevitable that some sound representations in the text will differ from some instructors'
speech. As a rule of thumb, if the instructor expects that students will hear a variation or if students
themselves raise the question, it would be helpful to present alternate representations.
PART
Underslanding the Basics
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CIIAPTER
vvvvvvvvvvv
Reductions
PREUIEW
Put a check (/) next to the picture that best matches the sentence or question you hear.
)3
a -a.a ^ ^ --.
^.
(a) because [6u[ CAUSE] : One of the most important features of spoken English is ,
syllable stress. English has stressed and unstressed

(b) medical [rraeH duh cu[]
1l
syllables, and unstressed syllables are often reduced. ,',:,
(c) polite lpuh L|TEI This means that the sound is uh or ih (usually uhl.* ,i.i,
::i:
(d) aerobic luh no bucf Words with more than one syllable will often have ::
reduced syllables. This makes reduced syllables very
(e) Arabic lnx uh bucf
common.
:'.
i!
: i 1li:.. ..i
..1 " ..:.* ,: "'.
*Dictionaries and pronunciation books usually use the symbol: /a/
Erercise I
Where is the stress? Darken the stressed syllables. Then, listen and check your answers.
)o
Example: police
o.) oo
l. between 6. feeling
o) oo
2. children 7. mistake
()) ()A
3. color 8. correct
OO (DO
4. visit 9. even
)o ao
5. believe 10. hundred
Erercise 2
Listen to the words. Put a check (/) next to the words that have the same pattern as the
example (an unstressed syllable with /e/ followed by a stressed syllable).
weak STRONG
Exomple: eraSe luh MSEI
l. c5mmon 5. marriage
2. - escape 6. divorce
3. - r^".Ju" 7. JaPan
4. - today 8. behave
4( Chapter I
Erercise 3
Listen to the words. Put a check (/) next to the words that have the same pattern as the
example (a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable with /e4.
, STRONG weak
Example: going IGO unf
/
l. often 5. _ woman
/
2. - helld 6. _ return
/
5. _
- navtng 7. becduse
/.^
4. polite 8. _
- trafilc
-
Erercise 4
Listen to the conversations. Each of the underlined words has an unstressed syllable with the
sound /e/. Write lal over the correct syllable.
ln the Clossroom
l. A: Did you get one hundred on the test?
B: No, I have five mlstakes. What about youl
A: I got them all correct except one.
e ==-
2. A: ls marri{ge or divorce more common in your countryl

B: Today marriages are still more common, I believe.
Erercise 5
Now you will hear three-syllable words. In three-syllable words, usually one syllable is stressed
and the others are reduced. Listen and darken the stressed syllable.
oao
Example: remember
ooo e oo
l. delicious hospital
oao o oo
2. banana 6. chemical
ooo ooo
3. animal 7. returning
o6o ooo
4. tomorrow 8. possible
-;
*rr*, ,r, ;
i-r Elftptir ... .,., ".+i:;,, ::i.
(a) terrible lterr' blef You have learned that unstressed syllables are reduced. In words with
il
more than two syllables, a sound may be dropped completely. This is
(b) chocolate lthoc' latef .u:.
called ellipsis.
(c) business lbus' nessl
1:;:
(d) probably fpro'blql

:1,
t::,t
:.:;.
il!':l
' :it::rl
;.::::
(e) because I'causef Sometimes, the first unstressed svllable can be dropped, as in (e), (f), lit
(g), and (h).
(f) about ['bout]
tl1,
ita
(g) remember I'memberl

:::.:::
,,1;t:
(h) exactly I'xactlql
{i) Have some more pizza. An interesting form of ellipsis is "whole 'nother," which means "another
There's a whole 'nother whole." ln this case the words are reversed before ellipsis occurs. This :li
one in the oven, phrase is often heard in spoken English.
Erercise 6
The following words will be spoken with reduced pronunciation. Cross out the dropped sound.
(Notice that these words do not sound like the spelling.)
Example: intt'resting
l. average 4. ev/ning
2. findlly 5. dspecially
3. sepy'rate
Erercise 7
Look at the pictures. Each word has a sound that is dropped. Guess the word and cross out the
dropped sound.
,{\
ff?
2. u.- e -{- o it
t_
6 ( Chapter I
3.F'u( : / ,,,-- 4. c e- Lr -{-t
--
/
/r
-r\.7
5. c /- =-- L -tt /^/" 6. Bb' It-( +
,
Erercise 8
Listen to these phrases. Cross out the dropped sounds.
l. different temperature 2. another bakery 3. every garage
different garage another temperature every bakery
different bakery another 8ara8e every temPerature
Erercise 9
Listen to these short conversations. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Two Friends
l. A: What's your
B:
A: That's not a .That's a fruit!
2. A: Did you go to the I
B: I forgot. My is
Reducfions 7 7
Erercise l0
Work in small groups. Read the words and predict the missing sound. Then listen and check
your answers.
Example: mathematics [moth'motics]

| . traveler
2. enough
3. instead
4. factory
5. counselor
Words as well as syllables are reduced. Impoftant words are

(b) I hear you. stressed and unimpoftant words are reduced. Unimportant
luol words are called function words. They are mainly:
(c) Do you know? lo'uol articles, prepositions, pronouns,
sure. tfti
(d) | know for coniunctions, auxiliary verbs, "be" verbs
(e) Talk to me. ltuhl Important words are called content words. They are:
nouns, verbs, adiectives, adverbs
Note the reduction of the function words in (a) - (e).
(f) News travels quickly. In (f), all words are content words, so there are no reductions.
(g) He was away for MONTHS. Compare (g) and (h). The difference in meaning is determined
(h) He was away FOUR MONTHS. bv the stress.
Erercise ll
Before listening, underline the words you think will be stressed, and circle the unstressed
words. Then listen to the sentences and check your answers.
Exomple: Where (.1D (i) hurtl

At the Doctor
t. How long have you been sickl 4. I'm going to write you a prescription.
2. Put out your tongue. 5. lf you dont feel better in three days, give me a call.
3. Take a deep breath and hold it.
8 ( Chapter I
Erercise 12
Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
V(hat ore your plans for the weekend?
l. I thought we would watch movie video.
2. We are having neighbors dinner.
3. lwant-sleep long possible.
4. ld like go hiking or camP beach.
Check your answers. -

5. I need catch on work I didn't get done this week.
6. I have list mile long things do!
7. I've got to get- ready a math exam.
8. There's - exhibit
new - I'd like to
art museum see.
-
S\MZ
E* 5 What do you think?
' What are your plans for the weekend? What do you like to do best? What don't you like to
do? Discuss with a partner.
-^.-^.-^.-^.--.-^.-^.^^.-^.-^.-^.-^.^^.-^..1.-^. ^'^'
:i'f !tll;x#:t*iii:! lrss&liir:ia.:1l llf #t:&SlS!!.::;, i!!&.ii*:{;t!lli j !.1.*
(a) Do you care for a drink? I'carel

deleted. This is another form of ellipsis. a:la
(b) | beg your pardon? l'besl

This is common in spoken English.
(c) lt sounds good. I'soundsl ui:i:
t:::t
::'
I'qou/qal
l'qotl
I'mindl
Reductions
Erercise 13
You will hear these sentences spoken with ellipsis. Guess the missing words and write them in
the blanks.
Hove vou sot some extra?
know much about itl
sounds expensive.
'member the answer?
something the matter?
care for another onel
mind if I sit here?
want to join us?
matter much if I go?
sleep too long?
(a) ft's going to rain. lqonnal Notice these special reductions for these verbs:
(b) Iwant to know more. lwannaf going to + qonna
want to + wann^
(c) We have to leave. lhaftal have to - haftn
These reductions are common in spoken English.
"i:*F,F ,. . ,$-.+,jjj': 1:; i:*--; "..:.':l.:.::;'" ltl
Erercise 14
Part A: Listen to the sentences.
At the Airport
l. We have to check in here. 5. When are we going to arrive?
2. Do you want to watch the planes? 6. We have to fasten our seatbelts now.
3. Look at this line.We're never going 7. Do you want to sit by the window?
to make it.
8. We have to go through customs.
4. Are they going to serve foodl
Part B: Close your book. You will hear these sentences spoken quickly. Repeat them with slow
pronunciation.
l0 ( Chapter I
SJ\MZ
Z F What do you think?
' Do you like to fly? Why or why not? What is your favorite airline? Your least favorite? What
is your most memorable or interesting flying experience? Discuss with a partner.
..:" 1a) Do you drink coffee or tea? [coffee'r tea] Note the reductions for "and" and "or."
Because the sounds are so short, they might
(b) It's stop and go traffic. [stop'n go]- be confused or not heard at all.
(c) Shall we walk or drive? [walk'r drive]
,.:
(d) Come and look. [come'n look] l;!ti
,a::l
r,r,: .lil. ;:rlt51x::.;i:::ri!::S:.*i,,ii{1l i::i,,:i
r,
*ln relaxed speech, many speakers reduce "than" to "'n," for example "lt's more'n I got." This should not be confused
with "and."
Erercise l5
Part A: Listen to the sentences.
At a Cofe
l. Are you open or closed?
2. Will you pass me the cream and sugarl
3. ls that a seven or one on the billl
4. This table and that one are open.
5. Did you say both coffee and milk?
Part B: Close your books. You will hear the above sentences spoken quickly. Repeat them with
slow pronunciation.
Erercise 16
Choose the word you hear.
At the Post Office

l. and or
2. and or
3. and or
4. and or
Reductions
Erercise l7
At the Store
A: Will that be cash chargel
B: Cash.Wait. I mean check.
A: license
Do you have a driver's other identificationl
B: How about a driver's license passportf
A: One the other is O.K.
B: Here you are.
-
Erercise l8
FoodTolk
t. A: another helping?
B: I couldnt eat another bite.
2. A: ld like a hamburger shake.
B: here to go?
3. A: What do you order dessert?
B: Let's ask - see dessert menu.
4. A: Where did you learn cook

B: I grew up - of cooks.
5. A: Why aren't you eating-your ? | thought these were your
B: They taste kind of

6. A: Let's stop at the 8et some Pastnes.
B: I dont think time.
l2 ( Chapfer I
---. CIIAPIER REUIETI'
Erercise l9
Before listening, circle the reduced words that you have studied in this chapter. Then listen to
the chant.
vocobulsry
gounflefi uPensive' flne food
would rather: Prefer
CHATT CIIITilEI,
l:!:!i..
More to Eat
Hod 'nough?
Core for more?
Here's some chocolote
From o gourmet store.
You're on a diet?
This dessert's sugar free.
How'bout some coffee
Or would you rather have some teo?
Chollenge.' Practice saying the chant with a partner, in small groups, or with the class.
Erercise 20
Before listening, circle the reduced words. Then listen to each question and answer it.
Your Turn: Food Preferences
l. What's your favorite vegetablel

2. Which do you like better:semi-sweet or dark chocolatel
3. Do you prefer your coffee black or with cream and sugar?
4. What foods do you like to buy in a bakeryl
5. What's your favorite dessert?
Reductions
@ TEST YoURSETF
Listen to each question and choose the best response.
l. a. Sure, have a seat.

b. )bs, I did.
c. Yes, it's mine,
2. a. Not really.
b. Next week.
c. What about Mary's counselor?
3. a. We've got ten minutes.
b. At l:00.
c. In one hour',
4. a. I think l'll work out in the gym instead.

b. All the language classes are full.
c. I've already taken Arabic.
5. a. Yes.
b. Drive.
c. Maybe.
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14 ( Chapter I
vvvvvvvvvvvv
CIIAPTER
Introduction to Linking
2
PREUI EW
t.
2.
FINI/,{L
^^. ^^. ^^. ^^. ^-. ^^. ^-. ^-. ^-. ^-. ^-. ^-. ^^. ^^. ^^. ^^. ^^. ^^. ^^.
tll
"'ia:
(a) How muchuis it? lrlow muh chih zit?l In usual speech, English has a consonant-vowel
(CV) pattern. When a word begins with a vowel,
(b) She's on the phone. lshe zahn the phone]
i
;4 the consonant from the word before is moved
'ii
l
over. This is called linking.
ffi (c) What's up? lwhat sup?f
ti:i
ti::
Notice that a lot of linking occurs with little words
(d) Come on lC'mo nin.)
# ,in. beginning with vowels: "of," "on," "1," "in," "it,"
#! and so on. This makes them hard to hear.
{#
H
:ff
1if$
(e)Am.,l late? [ui latez] Sometimes, as in (e), (f), (g), and (h), the
$$
beginning of the first word is dropped.
.!;
i". (f) lf(Jit's(JI K , I'm leaving' [nits o.x., t'm leaving]
r*arl
,:t*
t:i:i
i!ii:
'::",'i {g} Does(Jit work? [zit workz] Note that (g) and (h) have the same tiit,
+i..
-
.,i
,:,r pronunciation. The meaning is recognized from
' th) ls it readv?' lzit ready?l the grammar nl
i1$ ii;:r
..'::',,. .' r' .:',rlt': . rr .ii.: .:::::i:t::jil::. :1,,,i1fftrffi$*l.tii:l1t'.ji::.,1'
. 1 ' r:i!i:,:.4ii :t,t;!:i.rr,l;r::tfJ.i;il:,t,,t irt:r:,i:{iiiio,:l .l: 1i.;t..t
Erercise I
Connect the words that are linked. Listen and check your answers.
Exomple: What's.rupl
What's up?
1. I'm workint on another English assignment.
2. Have a seat.\rye're just about to start a video.
3. I'm waiting for a friend to arrive.
4. I have an appointment at, eleven, so I need to leave in a minute.
On the Phone
5. A: May I speak to Mr.Abbot?

B: I'm sorry. He's on another line. May I take a message?
A: No, thanks. I'll call again in a little while.
16 ( Chapter 2
Erercise 2
Llsten to these common questlons. pill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Tedcher to Students
t. going too fastl

L make sensel
Student to Tbocher
3. latel
4. meanl
About the Weother

5. raining outl
6. look like rainl
Erercise 3
"Is it" and "Does it" sound very similar. They are often both pronounced zit. Use the grammar of
the sentence to help you tell them apart.
You will hear eight sentences. Choose "Is it" or "Does it."
Questions ot Dinner
l. ls it Does it
2. ls it Does it
3. ls it Does it
4. ls it Does it
Check your answers.
YourThoughts.' Who do you think is asking these questions, the cook or the person eating? Why?
Questions at a Deportment Store

5. ls it Does it
6. ls it Does it
7. ls it Does it
8. ls it Does it
Check your answers.
YourThougftts.' Who do you think is talking, the salesperson or the customer? Why?
s aS itn' Ai rs q-l 49 r- t-:t *- -.:8' .*,
fntroducfion fo Linklng ) l7
^-.-^. --.--'^.^^. '''
2-2 linlring ldonfiogl Conconenls^.^^..1'1
..:
(a) been no There's been no

- time. When the end of one word has the same sound as the
,,. good.rdeal. beginning of the next, linking occurs. This is when the final
tb) lt's a good deal. sound of one word is formed and used for the following
word This makes the first word sound like half a word'
(c) felt tired I felt tired all day.
'.,' (d) this seat Take this seat.
. (el More.lain
u iq expected.
L-Ju
Notice that (e) and (f) also have consonant-vowel linking. A
,l:i lot of linking can make a sentence sound very fast.
(f) Let Tomrnakejt.
Erercise 4
Connect the words that are linked. Then listen to each sentence and decide if you agree or
disagree. Put a check (/) in the correct box.
YourTurn: Listening/Speaking Skills Agree Disogree
l. Understanding fast talk is almost impossible for me. tr D

2. Linked words sound strange. tr tr
3. I understand everything my classmates say. tr tr
4. I want to speak as fast as native speakers. tr tr
5. Linking will let me understand native speakers better. tr tr
s\Mz
Z 5 What do you think?
' Which is more difficult, listening to or speaking a new language? Discuss this and the other
answers with a partner.
Erercise 5
PartA: Do not look at your book as you listen to the answering machine message. About how
much of the message did you understand?
25% s0% 75% 90%

Part B: Now connect the words that are linked in the message. Listen again.
Answering Mdchine Messoge

Hi,Jack.I'm sorry, but I have to work late tonight.l'll come as soon as I'm done. But I'm not
sure about the time. lt might take me until l0 or I I to finish. See you in a while.
YourThoughts: Which words or phrases were difficult for you?
18 ( Chapter 2
Erercise 6
Part A: Without looking at your book, listen to the voice mail recording. About how much did
you understand?
25% 50% 75% 90%
Part B: Now connect the words that are ltnked in the recording. Listen again.
Voice Moil Recording
You have reached the office of Tom Moore, Department of Engineering. I'm away from my
desk right now or with a student. My office hours are from one to two, Mondays,Wednesdays, and
Fridays. Please leave a messate, and l'll tet back to you as soon as I can.
YourThoughts: Which words or phrases which were difficult for you?
Erercise 7
Listen to the conversation between two students. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
At Schoof
A: Do you think you passed
B: No, I failed.
This so hard for me.
A: Oh, .You're smart.You'll pass.
B: I'm glad you believe that sure dont.
Erercise 8
Listen to the conversation between a husband and wife. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
What to Eat?
Man: Are leftl
Woman: I think we ate
Man: Darn. I wanted to omelet.
Woman: What about heating up some of that
chickenl
Man: No,I'm tired of rice.
Woman: Yeah. Let's go out!
Infroduction lo Linking
-- -- CIIAPTER REUIEW
Erercise 9
Connect the words that are linked. Then listen to the chant.
'
to Pour coffee: to Pt
tt coffee into a cuP
now
this instant right
haveaemt: getangry
cHfiill flfi]til3[
',rilii1.
Time to Eat
The soup's on the toble
The meat's getting cold
The coffee's just been poured
And the cook is getting bored!
Come this instantt come right now.
Sit down ot the toble
Or the cook will have o cow.
Challenge: Practice saying the chant with a partner, in small groups, or with the class. This chant
also has two reductions that you studied in Chapter l. Can you find them?
20 ( Chapter 2
Erercise f0
Following o Map
Begin at the movie theater and follow the directions to your apartment. Write down the address
of the apartment in the space below the map.
o
3
c
E
flm Strcet fr
Ff
n
itg o
:'
g g
o o
ry ,n
o
ttt-
{t E
E ItE l-
g'
rQ N q,
Oak Strcet 3
c
o,
It
* P
ltr'
1;.
*t
;
Sr u
s d
;*{
*
*
Park Street
The address is:
---:*'' TEST YOURSEIF I

Listen to each sentence and choose the best response.
l. a. No, it's expensive. 4. a. No, I don't care.

b. Yes, it was inexpensive. b. I'd love one.
c. Actually, it wasn't so expensive. c. I was careful.
2. a. to.
Yes, he had 5. a. It doesn't.
b. No, they can't. b. I'm tired.
c. No problem. c. Because she failed her test.
3. a, It's about l5 minutes away.

b. Yes, it's for me.
c. That's a great plan.
I nlroduction fo Linlting
-.& TEST VOURSETF 2
You will hear some short dialogues. Choose the correct answer.
f. a. The price of a chair.

b. A check-in window.
c. Where the chair is.
2. a. Whatl happening.
b" Why they are here.
c. When they got up,
3. a. A special about singers.
b. A show about a singer.
c. A singer who likes the woman.
4. a. At a movie theater.
b. At a bank.
c. At the gym.
5. a. Call the man with questions.
b. Think about some questions for sewing.
c. Talk to the man the next day if she needs to.
22 ( Chepter 2
vvvvv
CHAPT ER
vvvvvv
Special Sound Changes
3
- - -i$,, PREVIEW
Put a check (/) next to the picture that best matches the sentence you hear.
l.
^)R
\(9,
When t and d occur between vowels, they are pronounced as flaps.
.'j".;: lD,
.' . r. This sound is similar to a d, but it is much faster. The tongue tip
l(ltom
irfi touches the tooth-ridge very quickly.
i *,;,' . r'd*!.'s{
'.,*.
,:rli
, tcl WhatUelse do vou want? Many single words can form a flap when linked, as in (c) and (d).
!+:'i
iii tat I don't know how to do it.
"got to" is pronounced as gottn. The t is a flap.
(f) | ought to do my homework. "ought to" (should) is pronounced, with a flap, as otta.
"' ,
l-ri*'- "''.,,
,,
i.i
il;i tet titte eetween a vowel and I or r, the t may sound like d.
r;;ii 'o' '---- $
:liil
..i lhl Her head hurt(Ja lot.
::lii
ril
i'::lar;t:}i;,tffi*,{itiy.-
Erercise I
Listen. Underline the flap or d in these words and phrases..
l. little 6. Saturday I l. right away
2. bottle 7. idiot 12. hot or cold
3. water 8. not at all 13. wait'll (wait until)
4. Seattle 9. pretty 14. go to the
5. better 10. whatever 15. cut it out
Erercise 2
At the Gym
l. A: Have you exercised enough
B: No. I'm tired.
At School
2. A: I need to bookstore
B: l'll go with you.
24 ( Chapfer 3
In the Kitchen
3. A: Do you want the
B: good.
At o Restourant
4. A: Why isnt anyone us?
B: l'll go find a waiter.
Erercise 3
Mark the linking and underline the flap or d. tisten and check your answers. Then guess the
answers to the questions.
Trivio Questions
l. What is the most common last name in the United Statesl
2. What about in the worldl
3. What animal lives the longestl
4. Beethoven had a handicap or disability.What was itl
5. What is the deepest lake in the world?Where is itl
StlrL4,a
=, F What do you think?
' Compare your answers with a partner. Who had the most correct answers? (The answers
are at the bottom of the page.)
Erercise 4
"What are you" and "What do you" are both pronounced whaildaga. The d is a flap. Use the
grammar of the sentence to help you tell the difference. Listen to these sentences. Choose the
correct answer and then write the answer to each question.
Your Turn: Questions with'Whoddaya"
l. youare do you
2. are you do you
3. are you do you
4. are you do you
5. are you do you
6. are you do you
'€rJaqrs ur sr r{)il{^^'lE)lr?8 aIEl 's JeaP au€laq aH t aprnl '€ aal 'z qrlurs 'l :sJa^\suv

Erercise 5
Listen to these short conversations. Fill In the blanks with the word you hear.
Two Friends
t. A: you see what I'm giving you for your birthday!

B: ! My birthday is six months away.
2. A: I love your jacket.

B: Thanks. I on sale.
A: Where did you I
B: little shop down the street.

A: new coat.
B: You go there.l'll show you where
(a) thirty people [rHrn ay] There are two ways to tell the difference between -ty and -teen.
One is from the stress. The other is from a sound change to d.
(b) thirteen people [t[ir rEEN]
With -ty, the sound changes to d, and the first part of the word is
(c) eishty dollars [ercH dy] strong.
(d) eighteen dollars [eiafi rEEN] With -teen, the second part of the word is strong, and there is no
sound change.
Erercise 6
Complete the sentences by guessing the correct number. Then listen and check your answers.
MoreTrivid Questions
l. June has days.
2. In a lO-minute cartoon, about pictures must be made.
- man has about

3. An average whiskers on his face.
4. The U.S. flag has stars and stripes.
Whar do you think?

Compare your answers with a partner. Who has the most correct answers? (The answers
€ t puE 0s 't 000'fl 'E 000's t 'z 0€ 'l :sJe/ssuv
26 ( Chapter 3
Erelcise ?
Listen to these announcements and write the numbers you hear.
l. degrees
2. - days
3. - tickets
4. - this evening
5. - years old
I'1",..,,,,i,1:':;:,
(a) twenty Itwennyf

(b) county lcounqf
(c) identify lidenifyl
(d)wanted lwannidl
Erercise 8
Underline where you expect to hear the flap sound in these common phrases. Llsten and check
your answers.
l. dentist appointment
2. enter quietly
3. mental health
4. doesn't matter
5. medical center
6. rental car
Special Sound Chrngrr n

Erercise 9
Put a check (/) next to the picture that best fits the sentence you hear.
-t'o': -;o
M]SSIO-N
28 ( Chapter 3
^^
.l.l.....li.-."..ill"ll..*..;!:.:ji.:.....;i,:l].#"::......'....*l.....'.""
'-".:
f,i"'
;: ';"::*'"'::'-:::"i"';':;:''!;!-";
; ':* :'l .''; ':" ";:;'-
:'-'
." ...
'"i*i;,:r,.
,r:':;'';.'"...
.::i:::-::{;.
s. .
;!;' :..
=,.
" -'.:1" sr:i''''3i.,:t;'i''r;:i.,'i',
..'
.,,**'l:; .,r.:.
':'a:::r"-'1::::" tl'.::::-i''.i:'.'';.1,:,1;-::'::;.
".1
.. ,
.
(a) I'm waiting for the bus lwai'nl Many native speakers use a special sound to replace t. lt is
iv; called a glottal stop. lt most often occurs when t is followed
.i tbt wno hasn't eaten yet? Lea'nl bv the syllable n.
,,.
rlili ,
(c) lt's getting late. ls''n) A glottal stop is formed when the vocal cords close ,,,'
4$ (d) This food is fattening. lfa'ninql completely for a moment, stopping the air. lt is the sound
',ej you hear in the negative "uh unh."
3a:
..&;:::::r1 i'
ir:
.';' (e) That's not important. limpor'nl A glottal stop can also replace a syllable, as in (d) and {e}.
i:+
,_*i (f) ls something the matter? lsu'ml
Erercise l0
Listen to these common words and phrases. Underline the glottal stop.
l. sentence 5. certain
2. mountain 6. written
3. carton of milk 7. something
4. cotton shirt 8. gotten
Erercise ll
AtWork
L A: There's a meeting scheduled at I l:00.
B: I'm sorry, but I've got else planned.
At o Cofe
2. A: Sorry I'm late.What's ?
B: Not much.We're just for someone to take our order.
At the Hoir Stylist

3. A: Why dont we your hair?
B: Oh, no. I want to keep it natural.
At School
4. A: That food in the cafeteria made me thirsty. I need to find a drinking
B: I'm really thirsty, too. I wish we hadn't such salty food.

^^. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. --.-^. -^.-^.-^.-^.-^.-^.^^.--.-^.-^.-^.--.
It* S!fi${itnliliill:!'S3i-trr*:i;'.Jni:!i::;:'i::i:lr.l14i::i:':'ti:*:jirni',ir'i-4.=i::1'':ririii::vt-ffitr
i (a) | can go. "Can" is unstressed. The main verb is stressed.

.:.:
(b) she can dance. [she ftn dance.]

:,::
l:;i
i::, (c) He can drive. fne hn drive.]
::l
l;l tat I can't go. [t rnN'go.] In the negative form, both "can't" and the main verb are
li:il
stressed. The t in "can't," however, is dropped, and the
,iii lel sne can't dance [she rcnn'dance.]
;:1I final sound is pronounced as a glottal stop.
iii trl He can't drive. [He rnv drive.]
r'
'+[,:'il;:lffifr1lii::rr']"ril:":r:::tr:rii:'
Erercise 12
Listen to these sentences. Notice the pronunciation of "can" and "can't." Decide if the sentence
is true or false and put a check (/) in the correct box.
Ani mol Trivia Questions True Folse
l. Dolphins can breathe underwater. trtr

2. The ostrich, which is the biggest bird in the world, can't fly. trtr
3. A turtle can live 200 years. trD
4. Whales can stay under water for 24 hours. ntr
5. Snakes have tiny legs that you cant see. trtr
SrlV\44
, lWhat do you think?
' Compare your answers with a partner. Who had the most correct answers? (The answers
Erercise l3
At o Hotel
t. Where get a good meal?
2. change my money here?
3. we use the jacuzzi tonightl

4. What's the latest we get room service?
5. get a wake-up call in the morning?
aslel 'S (s.rnoq 7) asle3 'y

an{ '€ an{ 'Z ('aqrea.rq or rate^ or{t,o tno dunl leqf 'aslel 'l :sJei\suy
30 ( Chapter 3
6. give me a non-smoking rooml
7. What's the earliest we get the airport shuttle?
Put a check (/) next to the questions that you have asked in English.
. :,:-,.:..t.1
;r, ,,,,t.**i..r',*$ffi iffi

(a) I'm sick of work. [sicka] "Of" is a function word (see Chart l-3). Because it is a '.
function word, it is commonly reduced to a.

(b) It's kind of difficult. [kinda]
tt:.:
rll;
t::i
t!E
(c) I want some of that [somea] r!:i
r:i::
(d) She has a lot of money. [flap + a] ln (d) and (e), the sound a is preceded by a flap. ,::,i
(e) He's out of time. a'.,:
Erercise 14
Mark where you expect to hear a in these phrases. Some of them are idiomatic. Your teacher
will explain what they mean. Then listen and check your answers.
Phroses with "of"
l. sick of work 2. a waste of money 3. out of shape 4. a little of this
sick of school a waste of time out of state a little of that
a waste of energy out of work
out of date
out of this world
t,,
-sNW2
3 Ulhaf do you thinlt?
' What are you sick of? What's a waste of time or money for you? Do you own anything that is
out of date? Discuss with a partner.
Erercise l5
'Where have you been?'

l. I've been for a few days.
2. At the gym. I'm so
3. Traveling on business.
4. Looking for a job. I've been for a week.

Erercise 16
Fill ln the blanks with the words you hear.
At o Restourant
t. A: This dessert tastes world.
B: Let me try a that.
2. A: Oh, no! I'm
B: And I've only got checks!
How are we going to pay for food?
3. A: I'm really glad we came here tonight.I'm so cooking.

B: But if we keep eating food like this, we're going to be
shape real soon.
Erercise l7
It is easy to confuse "of" with the article "a." Listen to the sentences and check (/) those that
have the word "of." Then decide if you agree or disagree with each statement, and put a check
(/l ln the correct box.
YourTurn: PetTolk
Agree Disogree
t. trtr
7. trtr
3. trtr
4. trtr
5. trtr
What do you fhink?
Do you like pets? Do you have one? What anlmal do you think makes the best pet? Discuss
wtth a partner.
(a) All of us went lalluvusf When "of" is linked to a vowel, the sound is uv.
(b) What do you thtnk of her? lthinftuverl
(c) It's out of order. loutuvorderl Sometimes, as in (c), two pronunciations are common.
loutaorder]
32 ( Chapter 3
Erercise l8
Mark where you expect to hear a or uv. Then listen to each sentence and decide if you agree or
disagree. Put a check (/liln the correct box.
YourTurn: Learning English Agree Disogree
l. l'm tired of learning English. n tr

2. Listening is the hardest skill of all for me. tr D
3. lt's hard to think of answers quickly in English. tr tr
4. lt takes a lot of effort for adults to learn languages. tr tr
Erercise 19
Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Two Friends atWork
A: What are you doing for lunchl

B: I thought I'd go run around the track.Would you like to join me?
A: To be honest,I'm shape. After just a few minutes,I'd be
breath.
B: Well, that's the best reason to go running. So you can get better.
A: Then I need to find some other exercise. I've never really been fond
runnrnS.

CIIAPTER REVIEII'
Erercise 20
Before listening, find and circle the sound changes that you have studied in this chapter. Then
listen to the chant.
CHATT CHilTEI
Diet Blues
I can't eot coke
ond I con't eot ice creom.
This fottening food oround me
Makes me wont to scream.
I know l'm out of shape
I need to diet, too.
But con't I find some foods to eat
That don't leove me feeling so blue?
Challenge: Practice saying the chant with a partner, in small groups, or with the class.
34 ( Chapter 3
---' TEST YOURSELF I
Listen to each sentence and choose the best response.
l. a. I cant ski.
b. He can't swim.
c. I can speak Chinese.
2. a. lt has a lot of calories.
b. I like it, too.
c. I'm a little overweight.
3. a. I heard the alarm, too.
b. That's too bad.
c. I heard he hurt himself at school.
4. a. I dont like movies about money.
b. I didn't like it either.
c. I enjoyed it, too.
5. a. Three hundred fifty pages is too much.
b. Why do we have to meet at 3: l5l
c. How much time do we have until it's due?
---:.i TEST YOURSE[F 2 (TOEFt PRACTICEI
l. a. They bought something else.

b. lt wasn't expensive.
c. lt cost a lot of money.

d. The house is somewhere else.
2. a. Wait to tell her something important.
b. Talk to her later.
c. Tell her something important now.

d. Wait until he has only important things to talk about.
Sprrirf Souni ,rrngm

3. a. He didn't get any coffee.
b. The coffee is over there.
c. The coffee is almost ready,
d. The coffee is finished.
4. a. Waiting to buy tickets.
b. Leaving the ticket line.
c. Selling tickets.
d. Looking for the ticket line.

5. a. A drink with alcohol.
b. A drink with artificial sweeteners.
c. A drink with sugar.
d. A drink with natural sweeteners.
36 ( Chapter 3
CIIAPTER
v vvvv
Silenl h
4
- PREVIEW
put a check (/) next to the picture that best matches the sentence or question you hear.
(a) I want to see her. h at the beginning of function words* is usually dropped
lsee-erf
(b) She had no time. and the word before is linked.
lshe-adf
h can be dropped even when "have" is a main verb, as in
(b).
(c) Where dld he go? ldrl Notice the special pronunciations for "did he" and ',does
he" in (c) and (d).
ldidel
(d) Does he know that? ldzel
lrrl t
lw'+a;!@4rsir&
(e) She's happier now. (not reduced) In (e), "happier" is an adjective (content word), is not
reduced.
*Function words include auxiliaryverbs

and pronouns. (See Chapter l, p g.)
Erorcisc I
Connect the words that are linked in Column A. Thcn write ell the possible phrases from Column
B that can complete thc sentences in Column A. Listen and check your answers.
A B
l. Did his speak English

manager leave
2. Does he name
at home
3. What's his sister come
4. What does he work long hours
5. I saw him yesterday
want
3t ( Cheptcr {
Erercise 2
Connect the words that are linked in Column A. Then write all the possible phrases from Column
B that can complete the sentences in Column A. Listen and check your answers.
A B
l. lt has been "yes"
2. The teacher has had fun
father
3. My parents have said

4. We had seen his time
5. I had had
a problem
Erercise 3
Is MnAbbot dvailable?
l. I'm sorry, but on another line.
2. He's not available, but I can call you later.
3. He's away from- desk, but expected back soon.
4. He's not in at the moment, but I can transfer you to voice mail.
5. I think - down the hall. Let me check.

6. I'm not sure. Let me look at calendar.
Silenf h
Erercise 4
Write the name of your favorite male movie actor: Connect the
words that are linked, then listen to each sentence. Decide if you agree or disagree, and put a
check (/l in the correct box.
Agree Disogree
l. I would like to meet him. trtr
2. I think he's the best actor in the world.
3. There is something special about his style of acting.
trtr
tr tr
4. He doesnt seem to have any serious faults. trtr
5. I really admire him. trtr
s%
,^N Whal do you fhink?
Why is he your favorite actor? What movie of his do you especially enioy? Tell your partner
as much as you can about the actor without saying his name. See if your partner can guess
who it is.
Erercise 5
"Did he" and "does he" can sound very similar. In relaxed speech, "did he" is often pronounced de
and "does he" is often pronounced ilzc.Youwill hear eight sentences. Choose the correct answer.
About o Professor
l. Does he Did he 5. Does he Did he
2. Does he Did he 6. Does he Did he
Check your answers.
S\A4Z
Z F What do you rhink?
' There are many different types of teachers. with your partner, talk about one of your
favorite teachers. What was his or her teaching style? What did you like about it?
Da-
Elerctse 6
Listen to this short conversation two times. Then choose the correct answer.
Pot is
a. a woman b. a man
40 ( Chapler 4
Erercise 7
Listen to this short conversation two times. Then listen to the sentences that follow and choose
whether the sentence is true or false.
Some Bad Advice? True Folse
l. Terry asked her boss for more money. D tr

2. Terry is a man. n tr
Erercise 8
Listen to the conversation between two mothers. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
New Boby
A: Your new baby's beautiful.What's namel
B: We havent decided yet.
A: looks like you. sleeping through the night or
wake you up a lot?
B: Oh, unfortunately he only sleeps for a few hours at a time. I've been pretty busy taking care
" -- 'ilr
(a) Have I done it O.K.? [a-vi] Often in questions beginning with "have," the h is i::
3 dropped in fast speech.
(b) Have you been sick? lav-yaf i
(c) Have we been there?
I t{otice that the verb tense where this occurs is ill:'
lav-wef
:i present perfect. i:':
(d) Have they seen it? lav-theuf

.,,(,-
]114
rill:
!t"u
(e) Have there been changes? lav-theref
',!-
jirlii
(f) Has she fixed it? la-shel !!!i
'";':
(g) Has he stopped? la-ze or zel .liir

r,5:
ti&:
(h) Has it happened? fa-zit or zitl iilit
:iil
4*i
(i) Has there been any news? la-zere or zerel* , tlote the special pronunciation in (i) ,;i;
]lifk'{'ll;]siilgii$i$i$ji];l;..#6i*jgi]$*gH*.gi,3ff#ffi6i#fl;ts*i::1:]]:.].::.Tji*.-tu;:sii;:,:.:: :,;1,i.:titifti
*See Chart 5-l for further information
Silent h
Erercise 9
Fill tn the blanks with the words you hear.
Questions leochers Ask Students

t. it O.K?
2. the main ideasl
3. a questionl
4. confusing?
Put a check (/) next to the questions your teacher has asked you.
Erercicr | 0
Listen to these short conversations. Fill in the blanks wtth the words you hear.
At a Porty
l. A: ld like to meet that woman over there.
Can you introduce me
B: Sure,let's go.
2. A: This food is wonderful. Did your wife cook it all
B: Most of it brother helped , too.
3. A: ls that Scott sleeping on the sofa?
B: Yeah,l think pretq/ tired.
4. A: I'm a party next Saturday.
B: Oh, no,I'm one too!
A: You just one last week!
5. A: I thought you d be getting here much later.What happenedl
B: My boss less work for me than expected so I
could leave early.
42 ( Chrpfar 4
-^.
(a) Does he know? ldze or zel I Rs you have seen in the previous exercises, many of the
i words beginning with h are pronouns, and they can be
(b) ls he coming? fvze or zef confusing.
(cl Has he finished? la-ze or zel "Does he," "is he," "has he," and "did he" are allvery
(d) Did he agree ldide or del ' similar when reduced.
i Note the following:

i does he + dze or ze
'; ishe
+ i-zeor ze
: hashe + a-ze or ze
:. did he ) dide or de
(el lt's his choice. li'l "His" and "he's" have different vowels, but when spoken iil:
t:.:
quickly, they can be difficult to tell apart. Again, context i:l:il
(f) If he's ready, let's go. krl will help show the difference (subiect versus pronoun). ,:iti
:iid
;..::
:: , j!:.r-"::i !!iii: r-.r'. -
(g) and (h) can be confusing. In (g), sh is not dropped. iL

r. (g) ls she coming? li-shel :l::::
r. tht ts he comine? lrr,tl

:.I;:
::jif
.:;:.
t,t:.
;,', tit t't waiting for him. li*l -;;a;:"0 n,*

""0
,n",n ."" ,"""0''..v.i,nilu. ,,i:1.
t:J::
l:li;. You may only hear rn. Sometimes there is no way to tell
it tit t'rn waiting for them. lr^l the difference except with more context. r
i:i: ri:::::;i!:t:iirll:iiliri:r;r;r']:
Ererciso ll
Write the name of a famous man who is still alive:
Choose the phrase you hear. Then answer "yes" or "no" by putting a check (/l in the correct box.
Yes No
l. ls he Does he tr D
2. ls he Does he tl tr
3. ls he Does he tr E
4. ls he Does he tr E
5. ls he Does he tr tr
Silent h
Erercise 12
Listen to these short conversations. Then decide if the two people are talking about a man or a
woman.
Conversotions atWork
A
,fl_fl 4.
I t^\l
I
lrv,\
zfl_ fl
I
/>\l />.t
I
/-v\ l,tvA
3. 6.
Erercise l3
Listen to the conversation between a manager and an assistant. Fill in the blanks with the words
you hear.
Monoger to Assistont
|.A:Haveyouspokento-yetaboutthecopymachine|
B: No, he hasnt been in yet.
2. A: I expected only a few people for this meeting.What happened?
B:|to|d-itwasrequired.|thoughtthat'swhatyousaid.
3. A: What did you tell about the projectl
B: That they need to give me the final draft by Monday.
4. A: Have you been able- to reach yet?
B: No, he's still out of town.

-
44 ( Chapter 4
CIIAPTER REUIEW
Erercise 14
Circle the sound changes with ft that you have studied in the chapter. Then listen to the chant.
cilnilT cHrililEt,
New Guy on the Block
What's he like?
What's he like to do?
Whot's his job?
Tell me something new.
ls he shy, is he quiet,
Or does he like to tolk?
Tell me more about him
'Cause he's the new guy
On the block.
Silent h 45
---;r,TEST V0URSEIF I
Choose the best response to each question.
l. a. She's atschool. 4. a. I think he's graduating next week.
b. In the library. b. He's getting a Ph.D.

c. He's pretty happ)r. c. I think she's already graduated.
2. a. They were already finished. 5. a. I think he's ready.

b. Yeah, but he only had a little left b. She needs more money.
to do. c. Next week.
c. They did it all yesterday.
3. a. Size 12.
b. Blue.
c. 412 lst Street.
---$." TEST VoURSEIF 2 (T0EFL PRACTICEI

l. a. Where the woman went. 4. a. Raising their prices.

b. What the man is doing outside. b. The cost of something.
c. Where the man went. c. Another prize.
d. Why the woman left. d. When the price will rise again.
2. a. Kim and her friends. 5. a. He's not passing.

b. Kim and some friends. b. She's failing.
c. First Kim and then some friends. c. She's accepted her grades.
d. Kim, after he sees his friends. d. He's doing great.

3. a. She thinks he is sick.
b. Her guest is sick.
c. She guessed incorrectly.
d. She's probably ill.
46 ( Chapter 4
PART
Building on the Basics
vvvvvvvvvvvv
,:;::;ii:. , :. 1
.i:!!:!:irr ::;r:::,tr:t
CIIAPTER
Aduanced linfting
5
PREUI EW
t.
rllli|!|l|li'|ltlt IFFFI T'|;}*
Tu€sdcy wd/l'€5,d{4fy tVe{tn6@
F*t'|mty1 Fehuaty2 F&wryz
rttrtl;tttttt rtttllt;!;Fr ail-rix|t
Dono Donc , Dorr
Sofobank '$ Calllhnr n &tlt{orr Ef 0otohant fl
Paybills Ef Peym n
2.
3.
'":'i'l" '::'
'tt't'::'
tt" 'l':''
.,:.:.i.r:,,j..r',. r. ,.,.:.:,:i:,::, :":
:1, i",,tl
:i.:i:::;il:::l |r"..'r:,::r' ..l:.';,1:i;:
"'
In Chapter 2, you learned about linking with
vowels and with identical consonants. There is
(a) lt's iust me. [1us-me] Um 'I another kind of linking that occurs between two
,,
(b) She was sick. Iwa-sick] z/s consonants that are similar, but not the same.
These consonants are often formed in similar
(c) What was it? Iwfta-was] t/w
places in the mouth. You will see that t and d are
(d) I had a bad time. [6a-time] d/t quite frequent combinations. It is not practical to
memorize all the possible combinations. The
(e) Sit down. [si-down] Ud
best way to learn this kind of linking is to be
aware that such linking does occur. The more
prepared you are to listen for it, the easier it will
be to recognize.
(f) Si'down. In some dialects, speakers use a glottal stop

when dropping the final t, as in (f) - (h).
(g) Wha'was that?
(h) Le'me know.
(i) Is there enough? lzerel For many speakers, t[ becomes a z when it

follows z or s.
(i) What's that? lzatl
Erercise I
Look at these phrases. Mark the linking. Then listen and check your answers.
l. seat belts 6. did they
2. at this 7. what day
3. meet me 8. might be
4. need more 9. give me
5. about that 10. get there
Erercise 2
Mark the linking. Then listen to each sentence and check "yes" or "no."
YourTurn:What would you like to chonge in your life? Yes No
l. At this time, I'm working too hard. tr tr

2. I need more excitement in my life. D tr
3. lt might be better if I had less homework. tr o
4. I need to meet more English-speaking people. D tr
5. lt's important for me to have more time each day to sit down and relax. n tr
50 ( Chapter 5
sJ\A4a
t2.,,,?What
do you thinlr?
t What other things would you like to change in your life? Share your answers with a partner.
Erercise 3
Complete the sentences with the words you hear.
ln the Kitchen
l. A: What do you dinner?
B: think about it. I'm all that hungry.

2. A: Look delicious cake.
B: C'mon.That's the I need!
AtWork
3.A: I job I interviewed for.
B: Congratulations! I'm
You've done so well!
ln the Cor
4. A: Where should I groceries?
B: The best.
Erercise 4
Listen to each question. Choose the best response.
Answering Questions
l. a. An inexpensive one. 4. a. lt was wonderful.
b. A typewriter. b. They said so.
c. Carefully. c. I like it.
2. a. I love to travel 5. a. lt was a passing grade.
b. They're traveling, too. b. I believed the grade.
c. I'm still waiting to find out about c. The grades were really low.
the hotel.
3. a. lt was an accident.
b. ld love to.
:
Advanced Linking
(a) They walked the
(b) They walk there. Past tense endings are often hard to hear or are not heard
at all because, as you learned in Chart 5-1, t and d are
# (.) rn"y played tennis. ld+tl frequently linked consonants. The pairs of sentences in (a)
tif:!
$i} tat They play tennis. - (f) are grammatically different but pronounced similarly.
:ir* In (e), although the final d is lost, an extra syllable can be
$$ t.t I needed paper. fid+pl I heard. This is a clue to the past tense form.
jiH
;$ tO t need paper.
rii*""'-'-'"
ii tgl t studied too much last night. Context can help you tell the difference between "l
.rit studied" and "l study."
,,i$ tnl I study too much.
.,::::i.\',.,:t! ...".. ....-.. .:-',..-.. .
:;.:i ,l
,ri 1i; He talked loudly. ' The -s** ending forthird person singular, as in (i), is
.,ii
(i) He talks loudly.
, another clue to help you distinguish present from past.
t{'*'"'
i$$
tt t H.t flight. booked their Remember that the -ed ending can also occur with present
"":
ii:J .'.,, perfect' as in (k)' or with adiectives' as in (l)'
i:!:i rr He's rooKlns confused now.
,
.:.'.
*See Appendix for past tense pronunciation rules.

**Chapter 8 provides more practice with -s endings
Erercise 5
Listen to the announcements. Choose the verb you hear.
Classroom Announcernents
l. arrives arrived
2. pass passed
3. pass passed
4. postpone postponed
5. asks asked
YourThoughts: Have you heard your teacher say any of these statements? Which ones?
52 ( Chapter 5
Erercise 6
Choose the time phrase that best finishes the sentence you hear.
l. a. at this time
b. yesterday
2. a. most of the time

b. one month ago
3. a. just once
b. every night
4. a. for two hours
b. now
Check your answers.
5. a. at this moment
b. for two years
6. a. right now
b. in l9l8
7. a. in five minutes
b. five minutes ago

8. a. already
b. now
Erercise 7
Listen to the announcements. Choose the verb you hear.
Ai rp o rt An n o u n cern ents
l. arrives arriving arrived

2. arrives arriving arrived
3. check checks checked
4. depart departs departing
5. cancel cancels canceled
What do you thinlt?

What is your favorite way to travel? By air, train, bus, or car? Why? What are the
advantages and disadvantages of your choice? Discuss with a partner.
Advanced linking ) 53
Erercise 8
Listen to the short conversation. Complete the sentences with the words you hear.
ls Bob OK?
A: that all about? I've never seen Bob so upset.

happen?
B: I know of. But I here. I
though that his wife a divorce.
A: Really! I'm so they always

happ)r together.
B: You never can tell!
Erercise 9
Listen to the following short conversations. Then decide if the sentence ls true or false.
At the Office True Folse
l. Sue has been absent from work only once this week. D tr
2. The woman needs to go shopping at 6:00. tr tr
3. The computer is giving the man trouble. D tr
(a) Don't you know? ldon-cha) tn English, when two sounds are linked, they
sometimes change. y can change as follows:
(b)Would you mind helping me? lwu-ial
(c) | miss your phone calls.
t+g=66
lmi-shuf
(d) How's your family?
d+q=i
lhow-zhur]
s+y-sh
z+U=zh
You will find that assimilation with t and d is much :,
more common than with s and z. .ii
#
(e) What are you up to? lwhachyal The auxiliary verb can be dropped, as in sentences $
:*! that begin with "What are you" and "What did you." fi:
9t tfl wnat did you expect? lwhaial ,t:.
ri::'i,,1,l:i,i,j'r'ir*;r,,i:riri,;i:rl::;ti;liiii:riiiijSiid&ii::iiiltiiit::::::i:'-{1i:.i*t::::1ij.:..;;rii.,:,:,:.',:j
54( Chapfer 5
Erercise l0
Llsten to the following phrases. Match each group of phrases with the conect sound.
Common Phroses
l. a. ch
2. b. j
3. c. sh
4. d. zh
5.
Erercise ll
Listen to the questions and write the sound change you hear: ch, i, sh, or zh.
Informotion Questions
l. What's your namel
2. Where's your l.D.l
3. What's your birthdatel
4. When's your birthdayl
5. When did you get your first job?
Erercise l2
Two Friends
l. A: date with the new guy from work?

B: know about that?
A: You told me last week!
2. A: thinking about?
B: I'm just daydreaming.
3. A: like to see a movie on Friday?
B: I think so, might want to check back with me later. I may have
a conflict.
4, A: looking at?
B: You! | like to smile.
Advanced Linking
---*:: CIIAPTER REUIEW
Erercise l3
Mark the words that are linked. Then listen to the chant.
Rainy Day
It started to rain
It started to pour.
The weother looked nosty
Still I headed out the door.
I hurried for the city bus
And missed the last one.
5o I sot down in the pouring rain
And woited for the sun.
:t
56 ( Chapler 5
---.- TEST YOURSETF I
l. a. lt has a lot of room.

b. I found it.
c. l'll check.
2. a. Because I drive carefully.
b. Mel No way.
c. Maybe it's in your pocket.
3. a. The third one.
b. They're both good.
c. Only in the children's section.
4. a. 1999.
b. At the beach.
c. Saturday.
5. a. You're the first one.

b. They thought it was great.
c. l'll tell 15.
Advanced Linking
-- TEST YoURSEIF 2 lToEFr PRACT|CEI
l. a. Arriving.
b. Leaving.
c. Having a party.
d. Meeting someone.
2. a. At a party.
b. At a department store.
c. At a gym.
d. At a swimming pool.
3. a. She cant see the clock.
b. She cant find his tie.
c. She doesnt have time.
d. She doesnt see the time.

4. a. What he is doing tonight.
b. What he is planning this time.
c. What he is doing after tonight.
d. What he is awake for.
5. a. His wife.
b. A new person.
c. His old hairdresser.
d. He cut it himself.
58 ( Chapfer 5
CIIAPTER
vvvvvvvv
Focus on Function Words
6
PREUIEW
l.
2.
)se
(a) If it helps, try it. One-fourth of all words written and spoken in English are
(b) | need to be in and out of the store in the, that, to, of, and, in, it, is, l, a.*
an hour.
Notice that seven of these words begin with vowels. This
(c) I got in late last night. means they will be linked to the word before. This may
(d) Look on the next page. make them especially hard to hear. Several other function
words that begin with vowels are
(e) He neqds to be up at eight tomorrow.
off, on, at, up, as, if, out, an.
The other words ("that," "the," "to") begin with a t or th.
Remember, linking with these consonants is common (see
Chapter 5), so they can also be hard to hear.
(f) Do you think these are better? The pronouns

(g) How do those work? these, those, the one, the ones
(h) That's not the one lwant. are often hard for nonnative speakers to differentiate.
(i) Are these the ones you want?
*From Clifford H Prator,

Jr., and BettyWallace Robinett. 1972. AmericanEnglishPronunciation,Srd Edition. First published New
York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Fourth Edition, Fort Worth: Harcourt, I 985. Reprinted by permission of Holt, Rinehart t
Winston.
Erercise I
Circle the function words. Listen and guess the correct answers. Then check your answers.
Trivio Questions
l. What is the number-one-selling drink in the worldl

2. What is the bikini bathing suit named after?
3. How many bones does an adult have?
4. What do doctors consider the healthiest age to bel
s\Mz
Z , Ft What do you think?
Compar. your answers with a partner. Who has the most correct answers? (The answers
sl 't 902'E spuElsl ruDlr€ aq|z Elo) e)o] 'l :sro/v\suv
60 ( Chapfer 6
Eretcise 2
Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Then try to guess the answers.
Riddles
t. Where Superman buy groceries?
2. Why Mickey Mouse take rocket?
3. What's heaviest part fishl

4. Whv knife do so well math testl
5. Why woman afraid tigerl
ssMz
Z. 5 What do you thinlt?
' Compare your answers with a partner. Who has the most correct answers? (The answers
Erercise 3
ln o Clothing Store
t. sale?
7. Can I get different size?

3. Do you have any other colors?
4. Where can Er), I

I
5. How long sale last?
6. What's Pnce
Put a check (/) next to those questions that you have asked in a store.
What do you thinlt?

Do you like to shop for clothes? Why or why not? What is the most convenient way to shop:
at a small store? a mall? from a catalogue? on the Internet? What's your favorite store,
catalogue, or website? Discuss with a partner.
'.re8rt Suqtea-u€r! E sem tr osne)ag'S asnelag 't

'd.reqs lrra.rd s.r!
'sal€trs aqf '€ 'olnld lrsr^ plnol aq oS 'Z ltal.reu"radns P rV 'l :sJa/nsuv
Focus 0n Funcfion Words

Erercise 4
"1," "it,' and "that" can sometimes sound similar to nonnative speakers. Choose the word you
hear.
Teacher to Students
l.l that
2. 1 it that
3.r it that
4. 1 it that
5. 1 it that
^^.-^.-^.-^.-^. -^. -^. -^. ^^. --. -^. ^-. -^. -^. -^. -^. --. --. -^. --. --. -^.
(a) lt's a complicated problem. Because "a" and "an" begin with vowels, they are linked
(b) lt's an easy problem. to the words before. They can be very hard to heard or
not heard at all.
(c) | have a llttleleft. (some) Articles used with "few" and "little" change the meaning.
(d) I have llttle left. Notice the difference between (c) and (d), and (e) and (f).
(not much)
(e) I've taken a few. (some)
(f) t've taken few. (not much)
Erercise 5
Responses to the Question;'Would you like to hove dinner together tonight?'

l. a an 5.a an
2. a an 6. a an
3.a an 7. a an
4. a an 8.aan
Check your answers.
SSM.zz.
Z.,,lWhat do you think?

t When you go out to dinner with friends, where do you like to go? Where do you like
to go
for special occasions? Where do you like to get fast food? Discuss with a partner.
62 ( Chapfer 6
Erercise 6
Put a check (/) next to the picture that best fits the sentence you hear.
t.
2.
3.
Erercise 7
Listen to the short passage. Complete the sentences with the function words you hear.
The Origin of theWord"OK'
I'd like about

tell you origin of word "OK." 1840,
there was group men that wanted re-elect Martin Van
Buren- president U.S.They formed club called OK
Democratic Club.They chose -
name OK becauseVan Buren was -
town called- Kinderhook, NewYork, and his nickname was "Old Kinderhook." So his initials
were "OK." That was also password club. Soon,"OK" - began
be used mean "all right." Now is expression that is
used world.
-
- on Function Words
Focus
a'
::,-:,:: :^*".*::1' :-1und """ 'iT:|"'
(a) lt's our turn. When reduced, "our" sounds like "are."
(b) Her kids are going. "Are" is often reduced to r

iiK . ;:ii:
s*
!l s*
I Listen to the context to tell the difference among "our," tr
l "are," and "or." ffi
':',' :, .::,:,::itq*1.tn3.fr*r-;1'*..flt.
Erercise 8
Making Plone Reseryotions

l. our are or
2. our are or
3. our are or
4. our are or
5. our are or
6. our are or
Erercise 9
Store Complaints
l. A: sofa hasnt arrived yet. It was supposed to be here one
two weeks ago.
B: Let me check records.
2. A: I'm not sure if the lamp's broken if the light bulb doesnt work.
B: Let's see.
3. A: What we going to dol refrigerator has stopped working,

and we're having a dinner party this weekend.
B: policy is to send out first available repair person. lt looks

like that will be tomorrow.Will you be home, should we call first?
A: I dont know what plans Let me:-i] r"" o:
-i-
;; Chapter 6
---.. CIIAPTER REUIEW
Erercise l0
Underline the function words. Then listen to the chant.
ri:;',ri
.']..:i|
CHAilT CilTilTE[ .i i,'i;i
='; - *
Travel Dreams
I've been there ond done thot
\t t .;"
ti'
Sow those ond heord that. "t
;iil i::'i,'
I'd like to trovel ilit:.
unknown
To places ,:
Maybe with friends ii

Moybe alone.
But not in a plone
Nor gvgn bY car '"'t'"""'
I'd just like to walk ,,i

To places afor.
Focus on Funciion Words

Ereroise ll
Listen to tJte conversation. Complete the sentences with the words you hear.
Galng to the Gym
)rou 80tn8 gym afternoon?

B: lsnt closed? Tieday's holiday.
A: No, it's open l2:00 4:00.

B: Oh, I dont know My back sore.I worked too long
gar"den yesterday.
A: all the more reason to go to the gym.You can do stretching

exercrses.
B:l home.
A: I know sure would like some company!
B: O.K- l'll go. I'll meet you hout:
S\A4a
Z ..FWhat
\
do you thinlr?
' What do you think? How do you stay in shape? Do you enloy exercising? Why or why not?
Discuss with a partner.
rd4 9{t @ &l a,r .r .. qi {q, "
66 ( Chapior 6
- &. TEsT vouRsELF I
Choose the best response to each question or statement
l. a. I'm changing.
b. I dont have any.
c. For a change.
2. a. lt's a surprise.
b. I think so, too.
c. lt's in the cornen
3. a. Sorry,l dont know the time.
b. lt's tomorrow at one.
c. They're fine for me.
4. a. Actually, I dont mind doing them myself.
b. I might need more.
c. They dont need anY helP.
5. a. Let me close the window.
b. l'll turn down the heat.
c. Yes, it is hotter there.
Foous on Function Words

---,-, TEST Y0URSEIF 2 (T0EFt PRACTICEI
l. a. He is too weak.
b. He will decide in exactly two weeks.
c. He needs more time.
d. He will give them a week.
2. a. The baby is very small.
b. The baby is growing quickly.
c. The baby is a day old.
d. The baby sees him every day.
3. a. Reporting on the year.
b. Finishing a report.
c. Looking at reports.
d. Working on the end of a reporr.
4. a. Looking at one book.
b. Looking for more than one book.
c. Deciding on one of the books.
d. Buying one book.
5. a. Visit her cousins.
b. Invite her cousins over.
c. Have her cousins over for dinner.
d. Wait for her cousins' invitation.
68 ( Chapter 6
IPTE
Conttaclions
7
--&' PREUIEW
put a check (/) next to the picture that best matches the sentence or question you hear.
l.
€+ iti
c-r
{92
sEr=: €\.: t' l\ t--

't*
-E
-;!-17-?17t1
TODAYb
,IEATHER
oer.IB'!
s trs
DECEMAER
q-to
DEc€tr]ts5R
tg-21 q4'
0!
@
4,
@
0o
<4b tva
a,
@ a
DECEI'IBER
il -t7
DecrneeR
2s'3 I aa
e
a q.zz
L
vlt ////d
r't
a@
0t ! I a
-
;-6;
$w
l*'r.:6t:!:i.Wj:rql::4.:;.rrj."{F;a:.:;:!tiir'..i i'*riq+Sqiiiit, j,:,1.,:j:ffe$ii:}j{"r:i:r-;iti:i$g$%A!$$*#tli;l::i;t:
(a) Don't mention it. In Chapter 3, the nt reduction was introduced. you
ldonl
(b) He's sick, isn't he? learned that the t can be dropped in negative fiir
[lrr] contractions. This section will give you more practice.
,5j:i,
j;;i.::
ii t't He shouldn't go there ;ilil

lshun-qol Because t is not heard, contractions are hard to hear.
'l:'
One way is to listen for a slight n sound or glottal stop
:,. (d) He should go there. lshu'qof in the negative contraction. Compare (c) and (d). i::;i
':ifi
.$
lshu-qof
ir.,
$i t.l They won't know it. lwo-nof "Won't" and "want" are often confused. Note that the
vowel sounds are different (o versus a). Also, "won't" is
l (0 fhey want to know it. lwa-nna-nof
,, never followed by "to."
ii:riirl
.llli!:'j-'.' r'j:':1
'.:1
,i, lel Sne DOES have an idea. Normally "do" and "did" are not used in affirmativ€ ,
:i::ii
: sentences. However, they are when used for emphasis.
ii tht sn" doesn't have an idea. Compare (g) and (h), and (i) and (i). They can sound
,
(i) He DID try to reach you. very similar when spoken.

, i!:,'
ili til H. didn't try to reach you. il
:.,,jil:d::ij,,1".:r::i::i:i:ii#iir.::lllt,,,,:r'r:;:tr::.'rinrr:
i' ::lit:i:ti:'ri:r;r, , ., ,.,i.'i:; -: ,::i'L:-.':,, r :,,rl :i:.1-
Erercise I
Listen to the responses. Pay special attention to the negative contraction.
Responses to:"I really appreciote your help!,

l. Don't mention it.
2. lt wasn't much.
3. No problem. I didn't have anything else to do.
ResPonses to:"Con I pay you for your help?'

4. That isn't necessary.
5. Dont even think about it!
Erercise 2
Troveling by Plone
l. are aren't 4. should shouldn't
2. is isnt 5. can can't
3. want won't 6. does doesn't
70( Chapter 7
Erercise 3
"Isn't" and "doesn't" can be difficult to tell apart. Choose the word you hear.
Restouront Complaints
l. isn't doesnt
2. isnt doesnt
3. isnt doesnt
4. isn't doesn't
5. isnt doesn't.
6. isn't doesnt
SJ.'M,2
?.,-"S\\ What do you think?
t Hane you ever had an unpleasant experience at a restaurant? Tell your partner what
happened.
Erercise 4
At the Librory
l. A: I find this book.
B: Let me check the computer. Let's see .. . it's checked out. lt here for
at least two more weeks.You put a hold on itl
A: Sure.
B: lfl just see your library card, I do that right now.
Check your answers.
No Hot Water
2. A: There any hot water.
B:l just did a wash.There be any for another two hours.
A:l go out looking like this.I've got to take a shower.
B: Sorry, but I know you would a shower.
you take one this morningl
A: Yeah, -
but I've been out working in the garden' I look very attractive
right now!
Conlracfions ) 7l
:ir:i:i
ftrmor 8i
il, (at t'tt be right there. lohl Allthesecontractionshaveauxiliarvormoda|verbs,
and will be reduced. Note the reduced
,'il lUl You'll see. lurl pronunciations. *
iit t.l *t.'lt never know. virl
i'.. (d) She'll be here later. lshitl
:it,
i:,. te) We'lt know soon.
,;:i
l*rtl
;: tfl rn"y'll be shocked. Ithut)
' (e) l'm comine.
lahml
::::
,'ir (h) You're right.
lani
(i) We're going to try. "We're" often has the same pronunciation as the past iit
{we *:t":-h"':,1 tense verb "were."*
. llii:
..;
(i) They're in a hurry. "They're" is pronounced exactly the same as "there" ii
(lt's over there.) or "their.
(lt's their money.) :,rl
* Different dialects may use different reduced pronunciations
Erercise 5
Listen to the sentences. Pay special attention to the contractions.
Teocher to Students
l. You'll do better next time.

2. We'll have the midterm a week from Friday.
3. l'll give you your tests back ar rhe end of class today.
4. I'm canceling my office hours for Monday.
At the Office
5. He'll help you with the project.
6. She'll reschedule the meeting.
7. You're going to need some assistance with that.
8. I think they're going to give us a raise.
72 ( Chapter 7
Erercise 6
Who wonts to help move this piono?

t. do it.
2. As soon as he comes back.I'm sure offer.
3. try, but my back is kind of sore.

4. They will, but need to leave by 2:00.
5. sorry but not even gorng to try.
6. Give us a minute and then do it.
7. not serious, are youl
--. -^. -^. --. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. --. .^. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. -^. ^-.^^.--t--t
Contracted Word "Will" is often contracted with "wh" words,

(a) What'll it be? will who'll when'll
(b) Who'll you get? will what'll how'll
which'll where'll
Note: Another common contraction is "wait'll." This is
not a contraction of "will. " but the shortened form of
"wait until."
(c) How'd you do that? did Common contractions with "did" are
(d)When'd he find out? did what'd when'd
where'd why'd
who'd how'd
(e) Where've you been? have "Have" is often contracted with "wh" words:
(f) Who've you met? have why've where've
how've who've
when've what've
, how long've
': ;,;,i,l:}{ii:: i:it::fiiiffitrf:tiiliis#*s},$#14:istffissi*ij;trijffi*:;;,:li:11;i}:i.i*gi&i.,:::iii t,i:,i:;
Conlraciions > 73
Ereroise ?
Tabng aTrip
Part A: Ouestions with "will"
Imagine you are taking a trip. You can go anywhere in the world. Write the place on the line
below. Before you leave, your friends are asking you questions about the trip.
First Listening: Cover the questions on the left side. Listen to the questions and write answers.
Second Listening: Uncover the questions. Listen again and focus on the contractions.
Check your answers.
PIoce:
l. Where'll you gol

2. What'll you see?
3. When'll you leave?
4. How'll you get there?
5. Who'll you meetl
Part B: Ouestions with "have"
During your travels, you meet some people from another country. Now they are asking you
questions about your trip.
First Listenlng: Cover the questions on the left side. Listen to the questions and write answers.
Check your answers.
1. Where've you beenl

2. Who've you metl
3. What've you seenl
4. How long've you been herel
5. How've you enjoyed the trip so farl
Part C: Ouestions with "did"
Now you have finished your trip and are home. Your friends ask you more questions.
74 ( Chapter 7
First Listening: Cover the questions on the left side. Listen to the questions and write answers.
Check vour answers-
l. Where d you gol

2. WhatU you do?
3. WhatU you seel
4. When'd you get back?
5. WhoU you meetl
6. Howd you like it?
What do you thinlr?

Tell your partner or the class some of the details of your trip.
Erercise 8
Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Write the long form for each contraction.
Interview with o Movie Stor

t. you get your start in films?
2. A question about your family: they enjoyed your success?
3. How about your parents? they treated you since you've become a starl
4. you like to do next?
5. Your husband is a famous actor. he star in a picture with you?
6. you do for your next picture?
Erercise 9
SmollTolk
t. do this weekendl
2. like that weather we hadl
3. become so successful?
4. get married?
5. got planned for summer?
6. go for vacationl
Contractions ) 75
Erercise l0
Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Wrlte the long form for each contraction. Then
answer the questions with informatlon about yourself.
YourTurn: SmallTalk
t. A: you do tomorrowl
B:
2. A: you be tonight?
B:
3. A: you get home after school?

B:
4. A: you got planned for the weekend?
5. A: you been doing?

B:
S$/Ylzt
tn,^.?What do you lhinlr?
\\
' Do you usually make plans ahead of time? Discuss this and the answers to the above
questions with a partner.
(a) Tom'll help. "Will" is often contracted with names and nouns. You
may hear this more often than you will hear the non-
(b) Sue'll pick you up.
contracted form of the word.
(c) Your teacher'll tell you.
This is one reason why nonnative speakers are
(d) The book'll be here soon. sometimes surprised there is a "will" in the sentence.
(e) That'll be all.
(f) This one'll work.
Erercise ll
Listen to the sentences. Put a check (/) next to the sentences that have "wlll."
Staying with o Host Fomily

r. 4. 6.
2. Check your answers. 7.
3. s. 8.
76 ( Chapfer 7
Erercise 12
At the Bank
l. A: lU like to open an account.
B: Just a moment, and the be right with you.
2. A: ls there a monthly charge for a checking account?

B: Next week be a special promotion, and you can sign up then for an
account with no fees.
3. A: lU like to cash this check.

B: Because it's a large amount, the need to put a hold on it until it
clears.
4, A: my checks be ready?
B: take 14 days.
5. A: Will I be overdrawnl
B: This clear tomorrow and be fine.
Erercise l3
Predictions for the Year

AboutYour Fomilv
l. Your you somewhere special.
2. One of your married.
AboutYour lob
3. Your you a raise.
4. Your downsized.
AboutYour Friends
5. Your best married.
6. After 20 years, your college you.
Conlractions ) 77
':" ': ' '::";':";':'h
l'11'*fi*'::1ffi
Contracted Word "1s," "does," and "has" can all be contracted to r- il
*f (a) is ti'
does
**r
r.'ri tur
i*:j i#
"s:
.fi* tc, has I
ffi
'#s '#
;:* ffi
:ri (d) is Note that the contractions are not always formed with ffi
"wh" words, as you can see in (d) and (e). S.
'f:
iri: tet has
,&l
,i!;l
Erercise 14
Listen to the questions about Bill Gates. Choose the correct verb in the contraction, and if you
know the answer to the question, write it below.
t. is does has
7. is does has
3. is does has
4. is does has
5. is does has
Erercise l5
Listen to the questions about your hometown. Choose the correct verb in the contraction. Then
answer the questions with information about your hometown.
Your Hometown
l. is does has
2. is does has
3. is does has
4. is does has
5. is does has
78 ( Chapler 7
Erercise 16
Listen to the conversation. Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Write the long form
for each contraction.
At the Docto/s
Doctor: You don't look so well.
Patient: My gotten worse.
Doctor: taken for it?
Patient: Just aspirin.And my giving me lots of liquids.
Doctor: So how many you had thisl
Patient: I think the fifth.
Doctor: I'm glad you came in. run some tests.
: ':: --: :2:
:,'i i:l '
Contracted Word "Would," "had," and "will" are commonlv contracted

with "it" and "that."
(a) great.
lt'd look would t,i;i
(b) That'd be fine. would

Note that'd can represent either "would" or "had." The '.:'
context of the sentence will indicate if the verb is ,t:,
(c) It'd better rain. had "would" or "had."

(d) That'd happened before. had
(e) tt'll last forever. will
(f) That'll be fine. will
Erercise 17
"lt'll" and "lt'd" can be difficult to tell apart. Check the sentences where you hear "will."
My New Cor
t.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4, € What do you think?

S.NMZ
' Choosing a car is a big decision. What features do you think are important in a car? What
do you think is the best car to own? Why? Discuss with a partner.
Conlractions
Erercise l8
Choose the word that is in the contraction you hear.
About theWeather
l. would had will
2. would had will
3. would had will
4. would had will
5. would had will
6. would had will
Erercise l9
Listen to the short conversations. Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Write the
long form for each contraction.
At o Restouront
l. A: Can I park your car for you?
B: great.
2. A: How's your pasta?

B: I think better with less garlic.
3. A: Would you like ground pepper on your salad?
B: fine.
4. A: ls our order almost readyl

B: a few more minutes.
5. A: I'm sorry, but the fish doesnt taste fresh.

B: That's strange. just come in this morning.
80 ( Chapter 7
--i*:'CIIAPTER REVIEW
Erercise 20
Underline the contractions that you have studied in this chapter. Then listen to the chant.
the date.
meone else arronges
out
to help youfiguresomethins
cfuc hint, information
CHITT CHITilEI,
Blind Date
Where's she live?
What's she do?
What's she like?
Hey, give me o clue!
When'll I meet her?
How'll she be?
Whot'il I tell her about myself?
How'll she feel about me?
Erercise 2l
Weother Report
The be looking better as the week goes on.Today,

looking at more rain but by tomorrow start to warm up. Look for highs only
in the 40s tonight, but get up into the 70s tomorrow. decrease. and
see some sunshine later in the day. continue th rough Thursday.
Then, want to take your umbrella on Friday because the be back.
Contracfions ) 8l
TEST YOURSELF I
l. a. l'll have a shake. 4. a. Sorry, we made a mistake.
b. lt looks nice. b. The burgers are great.

c. Thatd be great. c. We'll cook it more.
2. a. Tom will. 5. a. No time at all.
b. We'll call your number. b. Three orders.
c. In five minutes. c. I'd recommend it.
3. a. Yes. we sure do.

b. Of course you can.
c. We have some salads over there.
rEsT YoURSELF 2 (T0EFL PRACTICEI
l. a. She him.
won't try to believe 4. a. A machine.
b. She saw something unbelievable. b. Some work.
c. She wants to believe it. c. A walk.

d. She doesn't believe everything she d. Her new job.
sees' 5. a. She doesn't think so.
2. a. She isn't going to tell him. b. She expects it is.
b' He didn't hear it' c. She wouldnt ever be overdrawn.
c. He wasn't exactly listening. d. She would be surprised.
d. She hasn't given it.
3. a. He wont do that.
b. He wants to do that.
c. He's dissatisfied.
d. He lust won't do anything.
82 ( Chapter 7
vvvvvv
CIIAPTE R
Endings and Beginnings

8
PREUI EW
2E
(a) She likes sweets. Listening for endings is important. Occasionally, they change
the meaning of a sentence. Also, if you don't hear an ending, it
(b) He's satisfied.
may be less likely that you will produce it.
(c) She wishes she could.
Eight endings in English carry grammatical meaning:
(d) The chapters sure were long. -ing, -ed, -en, -est,
(e) Their grades seemed O.K. -er, -es, -s, 's.
The singular verb and plural noun endings ril:
[t],k1,[i'] .
can be difficult to heat especially when they are linked to an s
or sfr, as in (a)-(e).
il
(f) He's finally gotten to sleeP. -salsosignalstheperfectform,.has.''The.enendingonthe

main verb also tells you that the perfect form is being used (see .
(g) He finally got to sleep. (S).
Chart 8-2). Compare 1f) and '
(h) The bus's leaving, It is easy to confuse "is" with the plural -es, as in (h) and (i).
Even if you don't completely hear the verb "are," listen for an
(i) The buses are leaving.
extra sound. lt will be the verb.
(i) The doctor's schedule is full. 's can also have a meaning, as in (i).
il;t#S$fu tii4i';!if-i:f dijf:ff#i$€il*8fi i.a'ffii#i*S*i,ffi$li:::.;.; ,15';.:1.'., ,. r.,:.f ii ' ;:,.,;' 1 .1 'r,
*See the Appendix for pronunciation rules
Eretcise I
Choose "yes" if there is an's/-es ending on the main verb and "no" if there is not.
Trovel Announcements
l. yes no
2. yes no
3. yes no
4. yes no
5. yes no
YourThoughts: Where might you hear each announcement?
84( Chapter 8
Erercise 2
Choose the correct answer. Do you hear a possessive (,,s), ,,is,,' or a plural (,es)?
In the Kitchen
l. 's is -es 5. 's is -es
2. 's is -es 6, 's is -es
3. I is -es 7. 's is -es
4. 's is -es 8. 's is -es
Check your answers.
StIVv72
Eo,, F What do you thinlr?
,\ Do you enioy spending time in the kitchen? If so, what do you like to do: cook? wash the
dishes? watch someone else cook? eat? Who does the cooking where you live? What do
you think of it?
Erercise 3
Listen to the sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct ending (plural, possessive, or verb).
At the Office
t. Your fax are here.
2. Your computer still on.
3. Tim office is upstairs.
4. Oh, no! I think my hard drive just crashed.
5. E-mail great, isnt it?
6. Their office are down the hall.
(a) He broke them. The perfect ending -en is sometimes hard to hear.
(b) He's broken them. Listen for an extra syllable after the verb, as in (b).
(c) He's taking French. In rapid speech, (c) and (d) can sound the same since
(d) He's taken French. the endings are reduced. A contextual clue, such as the
time word in (e), can help you tell whether the verb is
(e) He's taken French already. present perfect or present progressive.

Erercise 4
Listen to the sentences and choose the correct verb. Then choose whether the sentence is true
or false for you.
Your Turn: Every day Life True Folse
l. got gotten tr tr
2. got goften tr tr
3. spoke spoken tr tr
4. drive driven tr tr
5. drive driven tr tr
Check your answers.
6. take taken tr tr
7. take taken D tr
8. eat eaten u tr
9. eat eaten tr tr
t0. eat eaten tr tr
Some common adiective endings are

rl
-ing, -en, -ed, -y.
,1ier!i,. . , .,'i,r,':
Notice the difference in (d) and (e). (d) is an adiective,

while (e) is a verb. -y and -ing can be especially i
difficulttote|lapartbecausetheyareoftenpreceded
bv the same verb ("be").
;'::::,.,,.,]:l::{i1;,,1
Eretcise 5
Choose the word you hear in each sentence.
Y
l. cloudy 2. rainy 3. sleepy 5. snowy
clouding raining sleeping snowing
s6 ( Chapter 8
Erercise 6
Listen to the sentences and write the adiectlve ending you hear.
l. swoll- 2. invit- 3. puzzl-
4. classifi 5. risk-
YourThoughts; Where might you hear each sentence?
$
(a) They're being irresponsible. In Chapter l, you learned that unstressed syllables are
(b) They're being responsible. reduced. Since prefixes are unstressed, they can be
difficult for nonnative speakers to hear.
(c) Act informal.
You may just hear an extra sound instead of the exact
(d) Act formal. sounds in the prefix.
ruqrrc:6.digt4rr!ffir* !. f**n* -:,,4:., t rd I. r;4.d\. i! {i ,}:4.:n::!!r i ,i;i3;l;19r&:!i.r,:.1a:9.+.*,..ii
(e) I feel uneasy. Notice the similarity in the groups of words: (e) and (f);
(g), (h), and (i); and (i) and (k). Use the grammar of the
(f) It's an easy one.
sentence to determine if you are hearing an article-
noun combination or an adiective.
(g) It's unfair.
(h) It's their affair.
(i) They're at a fair.
(j) Her acting looks unnatural.

(k) She's a natural for the part.
Endings and Beginnings ) 87

Erercise 7
Choose the word you hear in each sentence. Then check your answers.
At a Hospitol
L comfortable uncomfortable
2. regular irregular
3. skilled unskilled
4. convenient inconvenient
5. clear unclear
YourThougLrts: Who do you think is speaking each sentence: doctor, nurse, patient, or friend?
Eretcise 8
Choose the word you hear in each sentence. Then check your answens.
At School
l. complete incomplete
2. logical illogical
3. common uncommon
4. important unimportant
5. fair unfair
YourThoughts: Who do you think is speakiing each sentence: student or teacher?
Erercise 9
Listen to the short conversations. Complete the sentences with the words you hear.
At the Office
l. A: Will the dinner meeting be casual?
B: I think it will be pretty
2. A: How do you know you didn't get the Promotion?
B: She let me know.
3. A: My workload's getting more
B: Can I be of any helpl
88 ( Chapter 8
4. A: We need to follow up on this situation. lt's not matter.
B: I understand.
5. A: This file is
B: I know.I'm working on it.
-^.-^. ^-.-^.^^.^^. -^.-^.-^.-^.-^. ^^. -^.^-.^-.^-.

litlrc rs
(a) Your picture is prettier than the others. The comparative ending -er and the superlative ending
-est are often confused and sometimes not heard at all.
(b) Your picture is the prettier of the two.
Usually, -er is accompanied by "than," as in (a).
(c) You need to hurry. The longer you wait, the
less chance vou have. Note, however, that "than" is not always necessary, as
in (b) and (c).
"The" can also be used for the comparative. "Of" often
follows the adiective when "the" precedes it. (b) has
the same meaning as (a).
In (c), the meaning is cause and effect (if you wait a
long time, you will have less chance).
ld) He's the older of the two brothers. -er and -est can sound very similar, as in (d) and (e).
Note that "the" is sometimes used in the comparative
(e) He's the oldest of the three brothers
and always used in the superlative.
(f) He began working harder and harder The -er ending can also be used for emphasis and to
show that something becomes progressively greater, as
in (fl.
tr
(g) It's not as hard as that. * "as...as" is a common comparative structure. The
(h) Your guess is as good as mine.
I vowels will be linked to the words before, so "as...as"
i may be hard to recognize.
:::.:iiil}i;:[i$i:rit!ji*gEH#ffi*ii:$frSffi1ifrffii**g*1itii!j$l|j!:i,.:::'.r.
Erercise l0
At the Store
l. cheap cheaper cheapest
2. big bigger biggest
3. late later latest

4. short shorter shortest
5. pretty Prettier Prettiest

Erercise ll
Directions to the Moll
l. quick quicker quickest

2. long longer longest
3. hard harder hardest
4. fast faster fastest
5. simple simpler simplest
Erercise 12
Write the ending you hear. Then agree or disagree with each sentence.
Famous People Agree Disogree
l. prett- trtr
2. great- tr tr
3. happ- tr c
4. cute- tr tr
5. quick- tr D
6. quick- tr D
S\MZ
?'^S\ Whal do you think?
' Who's your favorite movie or television star? Why? Who do you think is the most famous
person in your country? In the world? Discuss with a partner.
90 ( Chapter 8
CIIAPTER REVIEW
Erercise l3
Underline the plural endings, and mark the linking. Then listen to the chant.
SmtT cHfiililEt,
fewelry Sale
Watches, eorrings l
Neckloces ond rings.

I never thought on expensive store
Would discount so many things.
The prices ore os low os can be
but the quality isn't cheop.
l'd love to spend all my money here
But then l'd never sleep!

--* ;, TEST VoURSEIF I
Choose the best response for each question.
l. a. Yes, it's frozen.

b. Yes,I'm frozen.
c. No, it's really cold.
2. a. He was voted in by the board of directors.

b. Because he's rich.
c. At the last meeting.

3. a. lt's as great as the other one.
b. Yes, it is a big one.
c. That I wont get the job I want.
4. a. I got stuck in traffic.
b. Because it was really late.

c. Next time, l'll try harder.
5. a. I like to drive.
b. Positive.
c. I really enjoyed it.
--1' TEST YoURSEIF 2 (T0EFI PRACT|CEI
l. a. The biggest size they have. 4. a. They are being polite.

b. Something bigger than 10. b. They are talking too loud.
c. A "large" instead of a "medium." c. They shouldnt whisper.
d. A l0 or larger. d. They should speak louder.
2. a. lt's usually quiet. 5. a. His brother is the only part-
time worker'
b. lt's quite usuar.
c. lt's quieter than usual. b' Half-time work keeps his
brother busy.
d' The quiet is normal' c. His brother only has part-time
3. a. Tuesday will be too late. workers.
b. No later than Thursday. d. His brother isnt really busy.
c. Anytime before Tuesday.
d. Sometime late Thursday.
92 ( Chapfer 8
PART Aduanced [istening
Concepts
vvvvvvvv
ClIAPTER
vvv
Orammar Chaflenges
9 I
PREUI EW
Put a check (./) next to the picture that best matches the sentence you hear.
Expected As you learned in Chapter 7, the t can be dropped in
Ouestion Response contractions.
He's sick, isn't he? Yes. One common use of contractions is in tag questions.
The response is often confusing for nonnative speakers.
You didn't get it, did you? No.
When people use tag questions, they are pretty certain
It wasn't ready, was it? No. that you will agree with them. In fact, they are iust
checking their information and expect you to agree.
You understood, didn't you? Yes.
The rule for responding is as follows:
lf the first verb is affirmative, the expected answer is
"yes." If the first verb is negative, the expected answer
is "no."
expected
response
':' + (yes)
+ - (no,
Remember, don't expect to hear I the negative
contraction.
(e) You've finished, right? Yes. Sometimes, a word like "right" or "huh" is used, as in
(e) and (f). Sometimes instead of a contraction, only a
(f) There's too much salt, huh? Yes.
rising intonation is used as in (g), and the tag is
(g) You didn't hear? No. implied. Listen for the verb in the first part to decide
your response
Note: This chapter does not deal with unexpected responses
Erercise I
Listen to the tag questions and mark the dropped t. Then choose the expected response.
Teacher to Students Expected Response

Yes No
l. I gave you homework, didn't l? tr tr
2. We were on page 10, weren't we? tr tr
3. You didn't finish it, did youl u tr
4. You have a question, dont youl tr D
Check your answers.
96 ( Chapter 9
Yes No
5. This is hard, isnt it? tr tr

6. This isn't hard, is it? tr tr
7. lt was a lot of work, wasnt it? tr tr
8. You worked really hard, didnt youl tr D
Erercise 2
Complete each sentence with the correct tag question. Then listen and choose the expected
response.
Your Experiences with English Expected ResPonse

Yes No
t. You're not a native English speaker, trtr

2. Listening is difficult, tr tr
3. Learning English takes a lot of work, tr tr
4. You're improving your English, D tr
5. After studying this book, you'll be able to understand
English speakers better, , tr D
6. After studying this book, you're going to understand
English speakers better, I tr tr
Erercise 3
Listen to the question and choose the expected response.
Monoger to Employee
Yes No
t.tr u
2.tr tr
3.tr tr
4.tr tr
Check your answers.
Doctor to Patient
Yes No
s. tl tr
6.tr tr
7.tr tr
8.tr tr
;,,;;, ch; ;;s; i; 97
Erercise 4
Complete each sentence with the correct tag question. Then listen and choose the expected
response.
Porent to Child Yes No

t. You're not awake yet, E tr
2. You won't be late, tr n
3. You haven't finished your homework, tl tr
4. You're going to be up late, D tr
5. You have too much to do. tr E
6. You cleaned your room, tr D
^^.^^.^^.-^.-^.-^. --. ^^. -^. ^-t

^.^^.-^.-^.^-.--.--.
+
':
"Stop," "remember," and "forget" are three verbs that
change their meaning depending on whether they are
followed by an infinitive ("to") or gerund {-ing). tt's very ..:.
important to listen for these sounds because the r..',
meaning can be completely misunderstood. Remember

that since "to" and -ing are both unstressed, they may .:
','t,
be hard to he.l.
::.lt
,
ttt.l
:if:l (a) He stopped to study. In (a), he stopped another activity to begin studying
(he stopped in order to study). In (b), he finished
(bl He stopped studying.
.iL::i studying.
r;4i;i:a
(c) | remembered to call the doctor. (c) means the person didn't forget to call the doctor,
::il
(d) | remembered calling the doctor but in (d) the doctor has been called and the person is
remembefng or thinking about that.
;j:;{ :! '
:i;l
;
:i
(e) | forgot to place the order. In (e), the order wasn't placed, but in (f), the order was
placed and the person forgot about doing it.
li: ''(f) | forgot placing the order.
e8( Chapter 9
Eretcise 5
t.
2.
Erercise 6
Choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the sentence you hear.
Pat's Doy
t. a. Pat thought about his talk with the doctor.

b. Pat didnt forget to call the doctor.
a. Pat picked up the groceries.

b. Pat didnt pick up the groceries.
3. a. Pat didn't finish his exercises.
b. Pat began to exercise.
OrammarChallenges | ) 99
4. a. Pat was thinking about the time he ordered the pizza.
b. Pat didnt forget to order the pizza.
5. a. Pat began working.

b. Pat finished working.
il* (a) Sales have never been strong.
l* (b) Sales have never been stronger.

:_:il!
,,il difficult. The sentences have completely opposite ,':

.::.4
ij,1+ meanings'In(a),salesareweak.In(b),salesare
:!:{
,'t excellent. Sales in (b) are being compared to all other ,,,.,.,
::;.t,i O.t:r:, Thev a1e the strongest they have ever O..l
r:i'i
's-"1": "1,
.Sj
:iii
:: (c) You won't see a happier baby. (c) and (d) are also negative comparisons. iii
ffi
,ii (dt There isn't a better time to buy In (c), the idea is that you won't see a happier baby than ;r.
this one. This baby is very happy. ,'
t';::ij &1
:l'ii
'.1.:f.
In (d), there isn't a better time to buy than now. Now is ffi
the best time to buy. i:*
,..',id.i:.i;j::a:;iii.:,:ii; ,;::;;iri;11;1:;r'.: r;'i:i:;,i;t,:1;': :.t:: . ::':t::.:t;.::t! . ::::.:: ,'
Erercise 7
Soles Tolk
t. a. lt's cheap. 5. a. lt's very fast.
b. lt isnt cheap. b. lt's not so fast.
2. a. You arent lucky. 6. a. lt's very fast.
b. You are lucky. b. lt's not so fast.
3. a. lt's a good time. 7. a. The price is great.
b. lt's a bad time. b. The price isn't great.
4. a. lt's a good price. 8. a. The price is great.
b. lt's a high price. b. The price isnt great.
Check your answers.
S$I4Z
i, F Urhat do you thinlr?
' Think of a place where the sales staff tries to put a lot of pressure on you to buy. What kinds
of things do they tell you? Does it bother you? How do you respond? Discuss with a partner.
100 ( Chapfer 9
Erercise 8
Students Talking About o Cfoss
l. a. lt's simple. 3. a. lt was good.
b. lt's hard. b. lt was bad.
2. a. lt's easy. 4. a. The teacher's easy.
b. It's hard. b. The teacher's hard.
Check your answers.
Tbochers TalkingAbout o Closs.

5. a. They dont study. 7. a. The papers were good.
b. They study hard. b. The papers were bad.
6. a. lt's easy. 8. a. The class learned quickly.

b. lt's hard. b. The class learned slowly.
Erercise 9
Listen to the sentences. Then choose whether the sentence is true or false for you.
Your Experience in the Clossroom

True Folse
t. tr D
2. tr tr
3. D tr
4. E tr
(a) Did she marry, Billy? Intonation and pausing are very important in
distinguishing the meaning of sentences. In (a) and (c), the
(b) Did she marry Billy?
person is being spoken to directly. In (b) and (d)' the
(c) How much did you give, Bob? person in the sentence is being spoken about'
(d) How much did you give Bob? The first parts of (a) and (c) have different intonations
because of question type: (a) is a yes/no question (rising
intonation), while (c) is a "wh" question (falling intonation).
Orammar Challenges | ) l0l

Erercise l0
Listen to the sentences. Insert commas where necessary to indicate whether the speaker is
talking to or talking about the person.
l. Are you lecturing Sue?
2. Who's helping Kim?

3. lt's fun to visit Jim.
4. Why did you watch Dan?
5. Did you hear Nancy?
YourThoughts: Listen to the sentences again. Think of a possible situation for each sentence.
Erercise ll
choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the sentence you hear.
l. a. Linda received money. 4. a. lt's not easy to know
b. Linda gave money. b. lt's hard to talk to Jake.
2. a. Someone likes Fred. 5. a. Tom is studying.
b. Fred should like it. b. Someone is watchingTom.
3. a. Sara is being divorced.
b. Sara is going to leave.
Erercise 12
l. a. This is interesting,Scott. 4. a. I like Cathy.
b. Scott is interesting to watch. b. I like that.
2. a. Bob is being helped. 5. a. Someone told Jan.
b. some people are helping. b. Jan told someone.
3. a. Will Billy visitl
b. Will someone visit Billy?
tO2 ( Chaprer 9
-WCIIAPTER REVIEW
Erercise l3
Underline the negative comparisons. Then listen to the chant.
,
*,,
,,**
What a Deal?
"x
l:t The price has never been lower you say 'fi
,,.,:.. "AIl the other shoPs are so high."
.::dt You tell me I couldn't be luckier
']i And find o better buY.
iif l've shopped a lot oround the town
";
J"
And found o cheaPer one
'
:iir,' 5o you'd better match my offer right now
: Or the business we're doinq is done.
".i
, ri:
, r:t:i:.,.,r:.i,,.t...:,,. 1.:.. ..:rti;:fial:.'t, i.,ijit:,ljiil:j'l.i::i.:,,i:,i:r'1'!....r' ':,:.i'
Chollenge: Practice saying the chant with a partner, in small groups, or with the class.
TEST YOURSEIF I
l. a. I had nothing to say. 4. a. No, I need more.

b. I stopped talking. b. Yes, I need more.
c. I wasnt in a hurry. c. Of course.
2. a. Yes, I did. 5. a. I will never eat hot food.
b. No, I wanted it. b. lt sure is spicy.
c. No, sorry. c. I like it cold like this.
3. a. Call my boss.
b. Meeting my supervisor.
c. Forgetting my meeting.
---, tEsT vouRsELF 2 lToEFt PRACT|CEI
You will hear some short dialogues. choose the correct answer.
l. a. lf she remembered her dogs 4. a. The deal is finished.
very well.
b. The price is great.
b. lf the dogs have been fed.
c. The cost will go lower.
c. lf the dogs remembered to eat.
d. The sale is over.
d. lf she is thinking about feeding
the dogs. 5. a. He's corrected a lot of papers.
2. a. The price is cheap.

b. He's collected a lot of papers.
b. The price will never be lowered.

c. He's corrected a few papers.
c. The cost will be lower.

d. He's collected a few papers.
d. The cost is expensive.

3. a. He needs to meet with Paul.
b. He forgot to meet with Paul.
c. He didn't remember meeting Paul.

d. He forgot that Paul had a meeting.
104 ( Chapter 9
v
CIIAPT ER
vvvvvvvvv
ll
f( Orammar Chalf enges
PREUI EW
l.
--t=
---;=;'
W
(a) You could have been hurt. have-[a] Reductions for past modals can be very difficult.
Often they are confused with "a" or "of." Since
(b) She would have called. have'[a] "have" is a function word, it is reduced and may
(c) They should have arrived. 1luu. -[uvJ sound like either "a" or "of," depending on
whether the word following it begins with a vowel
(d) He might have accepted. Srug--[uv]
or consonant sound.
(e) It may have gotten lost. have-[a]
One clue that you are hearing "have" and not "a"
(f) I must have lost it. have-[a] or "of" is that the main verb takes the past
participle form.
Notice that in (a)-(d), the preceding d and t will
be flaps.
may/mighVcould have 50% chance Note the differences in meaning. "May

have"/"might have"/"could have" are all past
must have 95ol" chance
guesses. They are weaker than "must have" which
could have past possibility is a strong guess.
should have past expectation "Could have" can also be used to express past
or past advice possibility. "Should have" expresses past
expectation (l expected it to happen but it didn't)
or past advice (it was a good idea for you to do
something, but you didn't).
(g)You had to have known. hane-[a] "Had to have" is a guess similar to "must have,"
except it is even more certain or sure.
(h) Might it have been OK? Note the question forms in (h), (i), and (i)
(i) Could he have come?
(i)Would I have been right?
Erercise I
Part A: Listen to the sentences. Pay special attention to the reduction of the past tense modals.
Then, answer the questions.
Advice fromTeacher to Students Yes No

l. You should have done your homework. (Did they do their homework?) trtr
2. You should have tried harder. (Did they try hard?\ trtr
3. You should have come to my office for extra help. (Did they go for extra help?) trtr
4. You shouldnt have cheated. (Did they cheot?) trtr
Part B: Put a check (/) next to the statements you have heard your teacher say.
106 ( Chapter l0
Erercise 2
Part A: Listen to the sentences. Pay special attention to the reduction of the past tense modals.
Responses to the Question: 'Why are you still here?'
| . My bus should have been here l0 minutes ago.
2. The plane should have taken off at noon.
3. The train should have left by now.
4. My photocopies should have been ready an hour ago.
Part B: Listen to the sentences again. Choose the correct response to these questions.
Yes No
l. Did the bus come yet? tr tr
2. Did the plane already take offl tr tr
3. Has the train already leftl tr tr
4. Are the photocopies readyl t] tr
Erercise 3
Listen to the sentences. Notice the reductions of the past tense modals and their meanings.
Situotion: Paul didn't come to school today, nor did he go to his job afterward.
Possible reosons.'
l. He may have been sick. (50% chonce\

2. He might have skipped school and work. (50% chance)
3. He might have been in some trouble. (50% chance\
4. He must have felt really terrible. (90% chance)
5. His car could have broken down. (50% chance)
6. He may have gone to his girlfriend's. (50% chonce\
7. He must have overslept.(90% chance\
S\MZ
= : What do you think?
' What are some reasons you might miss school or work? Which of the above statements do
you think are good reasons to be absent from school or work? Discuss with a partner.
Orammar Challenges ll
Erercise 4
Listen to the following sentences. Pay special attentlon to the reductions of the past tense
modals. Then choose the answer that fits your experience.
Fomily Motters
Agree or Disagree: My Parents ... Yes No
l. could have given me more freedom. tr tl

2. could have spent more time with me. tr tr
3. could have loved me more. tr tr
Agree or Disagree; | ... Yes No
4. could have helped my parents more. D tr
5. could have worked harder in school. D tr
6. could have been a better child. tr tr
Do the above sentences indicate: (a) past possibility or (b) past guess?
Erercise 5
Listen to these sentences. Choose "yes" if you hear a past tense modal in the sentence and "no"
if you hear another verb form.
On the Job
Yes No
I.D D
2. tr tr
3.tr tr
4. tr tr
Check your answers.
Yes No
s.tr D
6.tr tr
7.tr tr
8.tr tr
108 ( Chapter l0
Erercise 6
Working out o Problem with a Friend

l. How helped?
2. How of more helpl
3. What said?
4. done morel
5. been better if I hadnt done that?
S.NI4Z
Z 5 What do you think?
' when a friend has a problem, what are some ways you try to be helpful? What helps when
you have a problem? Discuss with a partner.
Erercise 7
At the Store
l. Customer: ld like to return this.
Clerk: Do you have a receipt?
Customer: No. I it at home.
2. Friend: What's the matter?
Customer: That salesperson was rude. He more helpful.
3. Friend: Did you get the sale price on that sofa?
Customer: No, I waited too long. I

it last week.
4. Clerk: How would you like to pay?
Customer: Charge. Uh oh, wait, my credit card's not here. I it

at the store across the street. l'll be right back.
Check your answers.
Erercise 8
At d Restouront
l. Waiter: What did you think of your lunch?
Diner: The sandwich was good but my soup hotter.
0rammar Challenges ll ) 109

2. Diner l: This can't be our bill.The waiter a mistake.
Diner 2: I know.We didn't order all this food.
3. Diner l: I wonder what's taking our food so longl
Diner 2: They our order. Shall I check?
Diner l: No,I'm sure they didn't.
4. Diner l: What's the matter?
Diner 2: We had great service, and you tipped only l0 percent.
You
Diner l: You're right. l'll go put more on the table.
conditions. (Real conditions are possible.) (a) and

(b) lf anyone calls, get me.
(b) have the same meaning, as do (c) and (d).
(c) Should you need money, iust ask.
Note the pronunciation for (c)
(d) lf you need money, iust ask.
Should !ou: d + y = i ls.hu-ial
(e) Had I more time, I would stay. "Had" can be used instead of "if" to express unreal
conditions. (Unreal conditions have not happened;
(f) If I had more time, I would stay.
they are not possible.)
(g) Had I needed more help, I would have asked.
(el and (f) have the same meaning:
(h) lf I had needed more help, I would have asked. I didn't have time.
(g) and {h} have the same meaning:
I didn't need help.
(e) and (f) are present tense.
(g) and (h) are past tense.
Erercise 9
Listen to the first parts of these sentences beginning with "should." Complete each sentence
with a phrase that makes sense, based on the picture.
ilo( Chapter l0
2.
Erercise l0
Listen to the first parts of these sentences beginning with "had." Complete each sentence with a
phrase that makes sense, based on the picture.
2. 3.
0rammar Challenges ll
---* C]IAPTER REUIEW
Erercise ll
Mark the sound changes for the past tense modal verbs in the chant. Then listen to the chant.
There is one negative comparison. Can you find it?
vor,sbulary
no*t-fw "-medtcal school"
rned. rchool: common
poy aftenfion
ilon**: focus'
?wngout: sPend ttme
nsequen ce o r res u I t
ff-T rHiff::Xl,:ffif ol;;nco
CHATT CIIffiET,
Med. School Regrets

I should hove studied harder
I would hove possed the test.
I really should have concentroted
And tried to do my best
'iil lnstead I hung out with my friends
'.,::-.:
la'.
.* t.,
And portied with o nurse.
, il.t Now l'll have to pay the price
'Couse my grodes've never been worse.
n2 ( Chapter l0
.-&TEST VOURSEIF I
l. a. Yes, you could have.

b. I'm not sure.
c. l.t should be here soon.
: 2. a. lt wasnt possible.
b. I can.
c. lt will be.
3. a. That's great that it will be sunny.

b. Let's go to the beach.
c. That's a great idea.
4. a. You're sure they are?
b. I suppose it's possible"
c. lt's my vacation, too.
5. a. He's not very thoughtful sometimes.
b. lt wasnt possible.
c, He could have.
MlWwtlr4:e'MrdfaS@*&t*i Etgi:Sss!.r{+sr@+4}4'!,siss&rt's4}te*@M@#t&rd&
Orammar Challenges ll
---:1, TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFI PRACTICEI
l. a. They didnt have directions.

b. They probably didn't understand the directions.
c. They probably lost the instructions.
d. They didn't get good instructions.
2. a. She was sick.
b. She was cold.
c. She was at home because she was cold.
d. She was more comfortable at home.
3. a. lt already arrived.
b. lt hasn't arrived yet.
c. lt will arrive in an hour.
d. lt arrived an hour ago.
4. a. She left it at home.
b. She wanted to leave it at home.
c. She's sure it's at home.
d. lt might be at home.
5. a. The phone wont ring.
b. She expects the answering machine works better.
c. She doesnt want to talk on the phone now.
d. She needs to pick up an answering machine for the phone.
ll4 ( Chapler l0
v vvvvv
CIIAPTER
Special Aspecls of Intonalion and Stress

||
PREVI EW
t.
o^<)oo
((
:-? t
tl
Y,?f)/- ll- t
'\{ ? 3%,r
a=
';fF
(_>\
-7
ffil' ' ,'ffii-lfi*ffifi$ff${
,. Not all questions begin with "wh" words or
tlt
trii l subject-verb inversion.
*qj (a)You feel OK?
A rising intonation at the end of a sentence will
,s -/
# , show that it is a question rather than a statement.
ffi (b) rt's t ime to go?
s:
-/
ffi-/
,; (c) He doesn't know?
if
6S*""'''.'*
$ii
-/
"*n Note that the auxiliary verb and subiect can be
*i -/ dropped, as in (d) and (e).
gifi tat Finished with itz
fij
,j:.
* (") -_/
l-ite ltz
Erercise I
Listen to the sentences. Show whether the intonation is rising or falling by punctuating the
sentence with a period or a question mark.
Mondoy Morning ot the Office

l. Your weekend was good
2. No sleep last night
3. Everything's OK
4. Ready to begin
5. You're set to go
Eretcise 2
Choose whether you hear a statement or question.
Working on Project
Stotement Question
t. tr tr
2. tr tr
3. tr tr
4. tr tr
5. tr tr
6. tr tr
116 ( Chapfer ll
The intonation of a tag ending can change its
meaning.
You got it, didn't you?
Rising intonation, as in (a) I and (b)
uncertaintv.
You got it, didn't you.
Falling intonation, as in (a) 2 and (b) 2, shows
certaintv.
(b) l. She isn't ready, is she?
2. She isn't ready, is she.
You got another F, did you? Tag questions can indicate sarcasm when both
(l expected you to get an F.) parts of the question are affirmative. The
intonation on the tag is rising.
He's finally finished, has he?
(l can't believe he's finished.)
Erercise 3
Choose whether the meaning of the sentence you hear is certain or uncertain.
Leaving for aTrip

Certoin Uncertain
r.tr tr
2. D tr
3.tr tr
4. D n
str tr
SJ\MZ
Z F What do you fhinlr?
\
When you go on a trip, what are some things you need to do before you leave? Discuss with
a partner.
Special Aspecfs of Infonation end Stress ) lll

(a) He CALLED yesterday. Stress on different words can change the meaning of a
: sentence.
(b) HE called yesterday.
' In (a), the emphasis is on called, rather than another
(c) He called YESTERDAY.
action, such as coming in person.
In (b), he, instead of someone else, called.
In (c), he called yesterday, not another day.
(d) He never goes into DARKrooms. Stress can also show the difference between a compound
: noun and an adlective-noun combination. (d) refers to a
(e) He never goes into dark ROOMS.
rr special room used for developing photographs. In (e), the
(f) Watch out for the YELLOW iacket!* I room is simply dark.
(g) Put on your yellow |ACKET. r: When the first word is stressed, it's a compound noun.
:' Stress on the second word indicates an adiective'noun
combination.
* A yellow jacket is a wasp or hornet.
Erercise 4
Listen to the groups of sentences. Pay close attention to the stressed words and underline them.
l. a. He's in the libraryl 4. a. That can be finished in a day.
b. He's in the library? b. That can be finished in a day.
2. a. I'm against that idea. c. That can be finished in a day.
b. I'm against that idea. 5. a. We asked when he could come.

3. a. You should see what he did. b. We asked when he could come.
b. You should see what he did. c. We asked when he could come.
c. You should see what he did. d. We asked when he could come.
YourThoughts: What are the differences in the meanings?
fl8( Chapter ll
Erercise 5
Listen to the following sentences. Pay close attention to the stressed words.
l. a. Winning will be a LONG shot. 4. a. They live in theWHITE house.
b. That certainly was a long SHOT. b. They live in the white HOUSE.
2. a. You should rinse off your wet SUIT. 5. a. I only read HARDcovers.
b. You should rinse offyourWET suit. b. That was a hard COVER to design.
3. a. That's a high LIGHT up there.
b. That's the HlGHlight of my week.
YourThoughts: What are the differences in the meanings?
. ..,; ''.'..:;:
A falling intonation, as in (a) and (c),

indicates surprise, whereas a rising
(a) Hasn't she grown! (c) Was that great!
intonation, as in (b) and (d), indicates a
(She has grown a lot.) (That was great.)
question.
ii
lF. tUt
_/
Hasn't she grown?
rrr;.rr.;;,:i:;
*ln*,lr*rlrllrl;,;r::iirr',i:.,.i,t.:.; ;,j:.;1: ;
Erercise 6
l. a. She acted weird. 5. a. lt will be uninteresting.
b. Was she acting weirdl b. Will it be uninteresting?
2. a. lt is ugly. 6. a. lt's old.
b. ls it ugly? b. ls it old?
3. a. Have we had fun? 7. a. ls it goodl
b. We had a lot of fun. b. lt is good.
4. a. The test is difficult. 8. a. Do you think I ate too muchl

b. ls the test difficult? b. I ate too much.
Check your answers.
YourThoughts: Think of a possible situation where you might hear each statement or question.
Special Aspects of Intonation end Shess ) il9

:t'::.rii':,:i'ii:l
ll-5 Urieg Rhcfrdc*
l (a) You call THAT good work? One way native speakers express sarcasm is through
(lt's not good work.) rhetorical questions. These are questions where an
answer is not expected. They are more like statements.
(b) HOW MANY TIMES did l tellyou that?
(l told you many times already.) When being sarcastic, the speaker often stresses
function words. In addition, the sentences are usually
(c) What do YOU know about it?
spoken more slowly and carefully.
(You don't know anything.) :tl
!iiil
(d) Who cares about THAT? :,1:
lri::
(Nobody cares.)
ti:.i
::i::!
(e) lsn't this great? !i When spoken with stress and falling intonation, yes/no
(This is great.) I questions can sound sarcastic. Compare (e) and (f) t:,:a
.r'i:i
l;;1
.iili'.
(f) Isn't this GREAT. :::li:
(This isn't great.)

irrirl' ':,:,::'.:t.',::.i;.,',:.:-'.:'l'lr''':j:::ri.ij. .:'!r::!:.r:ir':i::1,1.1:::i*t.il:l{i
,i.ii
Note: Sarcasm is very complex. Different aspects of stress, intonation, and vocabulary combine to create a sarcastic tone.
This section addresses iust one aspect of sarcasm.
Erercise 7
Listen to the following pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning?
l. ls that a good reasonl 4. Didnt I already tell youl
ls that a good reason? Didn't I already tell youl
2. betterl
Can't you think of anything 5. Who would say that?
Can't you think of anything better? Who would say that?

3. ls that the only way to do itl 6. lsnt that too badl
ls that the only way to do it? lsn't that too bad.
YourThoughts: Look at the sarcastic sentences above. Think of a possible situation for each one.
tz} ( Chapter ll
---* CIIAPTER REVIEII'
Erercise 8
The first two sentences are sarcastic. Predict how they would be spoken. Then listen to the chant.
woman ls
t"'Fb' a man that a going w
fftalyce: nY1
iigogra 6 or
cHlilT $tflflIl,
i
"..,''';,:.,
Fianc6 Fight ",,,,,,,_:,
think t didn't hear you, huh?

'::
You
You think I didn't know?
I knew oll obout your plon
I just didn't tell you, though.
You thought you had a secret.
You thought l'd never find out.
Well now l've got to tell you
That our wedding may be in doubt.
Special Aspects of Intonation and Stress ) l2l

---i'TEST Y0URSEIF I
l. a. You settled it. 6. a. Should I do this work?

b. ls it settled? b. Someone else should do this.
c. lt got settled. c. I did this work already.
2. a. Have you done enough? 7. a. You look happy.
b. Don't do anything more. b. Someone's with you.
c. Why haven't you done it? c. What are you unhappy about?
3. a. What did you wear last night? 8. a. John couldn't have been careless.
b. I'm shocked about where you were. b. John was very careless.
c. You were there last night. c. How can they care less about John?
4. a. This isn't fun. 9. a. The work is terrible.
b. I'm having a good time. b. What is that work calledl
c. This is great fun. c. Did you call work about thatl
5. a. lt certainly sounds cheap. 10. a. Can you be right?
b. The sound does seem really cheap. b. ls anything right?
c. I'm not sure if it sounds cheap. c. You don't, do anything right.
Check your answers.
---Ai TEST VOURSEIF 2 (TOEFT PRACTICEI
l. a. He doesnt want it to end. 4. a. The man is wondering why she
b. He wants it to be over in an hour. knows.
c. He hopes it's never finished. b. The woman knows a lot.

d. He thinks it's boring. c. The woman doesnt know much.
2. a. He wants to know if he should talk d. The man is confused.
more. 5. She expected less vacation.
^.
b. He's certain he speaks too much. b. She needs less time.
c. He talked about too many things. c. She'll be sick for weeks.
d. He didnt realize that he talks so d. She's excited about her shoes.
much.
3. a. Outer space.
b. A building.
c. High prices.
t*r1nl cost:
_0,: .
t22 ( Chapier ll
PART
TOEFL Practioe
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CIIAPTER
l2 T0EFL Praclice I
Part I: Short Dialogues

Listen to the short dialogues. Choose the correct answer.
t. a. He's not finished yet.

b. He has to go away.
c. He has a way to do it.
d. He always finishes.
2. a. They are tired of school.
b. They are waiting for money.
c. The term just ended.
d. They can't wait for their studies.
3. a. He is unusually late.
b. He isnt used to the time.
c. He knows it's a little late.
d. He has been late more than once.
4. a. lt will be an honor.
b. lt's time for them to go.
c. They'll be in the way.
d. They'll be away.
5. a. Sales can be better.
b. Sales are great.
c. Sales are never good.
d. Sales need to be better.

Check your answers.
) tzs
6. a. She cant explain her anger.
b. She isn't upset.
c. She is very angry.
d. She cant talk about the upset.

7. a. He can do less work.
b. He doesn't mind cleaning up.
c. He can lease it.
d. He plans to do more.
8. a. He doesn't have energy to study.
b. He also tried to study.
c. He's tired from studying, too.
d. He tried to do some work.
9. a. More of her classes failed.
b. She wants to know how half the students fared.
c. At least half the students didnt pass.

d. She failed half her classes.
10. a. He was beginning to wonder why it happened.
b. He thinks what happened was wonderful.

c. His mind was beginning to wander.
d. He was becoming concerned.
Check your answers.
Il. a. HowTom's interview went.

b. WhatTom's inner view is.
c. WhyTom did the interview.

d. lf Tom did the interview.
12. a. When he is going to do the homework.

b. When she should turn in the homework.
c. lf he is doing his assignment.
d. What assignment she is doing.
t3. a. lf they have already paid.
b. lf their bill will be paid.
c. lf they need to wait to pay.
d. lf they will pay anyway.
t26 ( Chapter 12
14. a. lf she cares if she drinks after
I
| dinner.
i b. lf she is careful after she drinks.
I
I
c. lf she would like a drink after dinner.
i d. lf she likes to drink.

, lS. a. Pay cash.
I
I
b. Check the magnifier.
' c. Correct his writing.
d. Pay by check.
r Qheck your answers.

i
16. a. Go to a run-down store.

b. Go shopping.
,
I
c. Run a store.
d. Do some errands.
, 17. a. She should call someone downstairs.
i U. She doesnt wanr to talk to anyone.

c. She'll be downstairs if there's a phone call.
, d. Everyone should wait downstairs.
18. a. lt's about 50 miles away.
r b. ltt 15 miles from town.
I .. lt's somewhere in the S0-mile town.
d. lt's a sum of 15 miles.
, tg. a. The price is low.
b. He never sees lowered prices.
c. The price has been lower.
' d. He never sees low prices.
20. a. The coffee machine.
, b. The tuest at the coffee machine.
I c. The copy machine.
d. How to use the copy machine.
Check your answers.
,e( @ 4a
TOEFLPrecticel > 127
i
21. a. Some stories about the building.
b. The trees in front of the building.
c. The number of buildings.
d. The height of the building.
22. a. A hospital bill.
b. A play.
c. Someone's ear.
d. Their plans.
23. a. The man took longer on the test.

b. The woman can easily talk about the test.
c. Her exam was shorter than his.
d. The test was shorter than he expected.
24. a. The baby is almost a year old.
b. The baby was a year old before.
c. You'll know when she's a year old.
d. The baby's older than a year.
25. a. lf she was surrounded.
b. lf anyone was on the ground.
c. lf she was alone.
d. lf anything else was around.
Check your answers.
26. a. He had two thoughts about it.

b. He gave it some thought.
c. He decided quickly.
d. He couldnt do anything except think about it.
27. a. There is snow on the ground.
b. lt's sticky in the snow.
c. She knows it's sticky.
d. She's going to get stuck in the snow.
28. a. lt was stolen earlier.
b. She doesnt know yet.
c. She's planning to tell them early.
d. They were told too soon.
t28 ( Chapfer 12
29. a. lf George was up at two.
b. lf it was up to George.
c. What George has been doing.
d. lf George decided.
30. a. When she is departing.
b. Why she is leaving.
c. When they are leaving.
d. Where she is living.
Part II: Cosudl Conversotions
You will hear a conversation between two people. Answer the questions that follow.
Questions I ond 2 refer to Conversotion l.

l. a. Painting a building.
b. Talking to an artist.
c. Reading a book about a famous painter.
d. Looking at paintings.
2. a. He completed a building for the aged and sick.

b. He worked for 66 years.
c. He finished the work when he was in his sixties.
d. He had trouble hearing.
Questions 3-7 refer to Conversation 2.

3. a. A clock.
b. A screw.
c. A refrigerator.
d. A car.
4. a. At the newspaper.
b. From a car mechanic.

c. From the other kids.
d. From her dad.
5. a. She was told to.
b. So she could spend time with him.
c. She got paid for it.
d. She didn't have anything else to do.
T0EFLPraclicel ) t29
a. It cost $200 to repair.
b. She can fix anything but that.
c. She was able to repair it.
d. It was outside last week.
7. a. He couldn't fix anything.
b. He was a newspaper reporter.
c. He couldn't do anything without her assistance.
d. He was very skilled at repairs.
f" ti.,,,,,i
I ::.:
vvvvvvvvvvvv
.
/ ,1, .1.:,:.
C[APTER
ll
f3 T0EFL Practice
Part I: Short Diofogues

Listen to the short dialogues. Choose the correct answer.
l. a. Having some hamburgers, fries, and shakes.
I
b. Getting some food first.
c. Ordering their food quickly
d. Eating their food quickly
2. a. He did it the first thing this morning.
b. lt will be done in the morning.
c. The first thing is tomorrow morning.
d. He plans to do it after he does other things first.
3. a. He's not surprised she's tired.
r !. He's wondering what she wore.
, c. He's surprised she was out.

d. He's wondering why she's exhausted.
' 4. He's chosen to swim in the deep end.
^.
b. Depending on the weather and his grades, he might be on the team.
' c. He wants to swim with a great team.
, d. He will be picked for the team if his grades are good.
5. a. She would be happier if they didnt go to the beach.

b. She would love to go to the beach.
c. She's never happy when she's near the beach.
; d. She doesn't think anything is happening at the beach.
! Check your answers.
6. a. He is the only one who is cold.
b. Other people arent cold.
c. The room is very cold.
d. He's sure he's sick.
7. a. He needs to borrow her car.
b. She can call no matter what the time.
c. She can call unless it is late.
d. He'll pick up her car but it may be late.
8. a. They're the parents of the other child.
b. It's apparent they want the other children.
c. Their parents want another child.
d. Clearly, they want another child.
9. a. Those things aren't available then.

b. There are no openings for that time.
c. He's afraid of what's available at that time.
d. He's worried there will be nothing open then.
10. a. She loves the dress.
b. She realizes it's hard.
c. She memorized it.
d. She knows how he feels.
Check your answers.
ll. a. The price is too high.

b. They're asking for more.
c. It weighs too much.
d. They had too man), requests.
12. a. The boy told her the route was bad.
b. The load is worse than the other ones.
c. The condition of the street is bad.
d. The other one is worse than this.
13. a. He doesn't care about finishing it.
b. He feels very careless.
c. He could be more careful.
d. He carelessly finished the project.
t32 ( Chapter 13
I
14. a. Her manager deals with the problems.

b. They need to talk to the management.
c. They can take care of any problem.
d. They havent ever managed such a problem.
15. a. Someone found the school 50 years ago.
b. The school has been funded for | 5 years.
c. The school was started 50 years ago.
d. He found out about the school l5 years ago.
, Check your answers.
'
I
16. a. You cant buy it.
, U. lt doesnt affect anything.
c. You can buy something more effective.
d. ltt the best.
17. a. An editorial.
b. Some math.
c. His printing.
d. An advertisement.
18. a. He will meet her.
b. He will see her another way.
c. He is doing something else.
d. He will see her at another meeting.
19. a. Maureen expected rain.
b. The weather wasn't good.
c. They expected more.
d. They went hiking in the morning.
' 20. a. lf she wants to cook
b. lf they will be able to get a cook
c. lf cooking facilities will be provided
d. lf she knows about cooking
Check your answers.
' 21. a. Making the decision is complicated.
i U. He's involved in a process.
c. lt's a process he's not involved in.
d. lt's a system that evolved.
T0EFL Praclice ll
22. a. His mind.
b. The mine.
c. Her note.
d. A slip.
23. a. They care a lot.

b. They dont care.
c. They care about no one.
d. Not one person cared.
24. a. John will quit today.

b. John got a new job today.
c. John will get a job the next day.
d. John will probably never quit his job.
25. a. She did work all day.
b. She worked in the tire department all day.

c. She tried to do her work thoroughly.
d. She worked even though she was tired.
Check your answers.
26. a. She doesnt belong here.
b. She is nearly done.

c. lt's taking longer than it should.
d. She expects it will take much longer.
27. a. lt wasn't easy to hear.
b. lt was easier than he expected.

c. He couldn't hear at all.
d. He thought it was hard.
28. a. He doesn't like to look at prices.
b. He'll need to check later.
c. He doesn't check prices anymore.
d. He looked at the price.
29. a. He'll do anything to finish.
b. He'll take his work somewhere else.
c. He'll want it to take forever.
d. He'll do what takes forever.
t34 ( Chapter t3
30. a. They have to believe.
b. They hate to believe it.
c. They have to leave.
d. They hate living there.
Part II: Casual ConYersotions

you will hear a conversation between two people. Answer the questions that follow.
Questions ldnd 2 refer to Conversdtion l.

t. a. Having a great time.
b. Entering her office.

c. Finishing the project.
d. Making other phone calls.
a. They cant find the keys.

b. A worker will be out for l2- 15 days.
c. John is out sick.
d. The other workers dont want to help.
Questions 3 and 4 refer to Conversotion 2.

3. a. lt was easy.
b. lt was short.
c. lt was difficult.
d. lt was unfair.
4. a. He should study more.

b. He is very intelligent
c. He doesn't work hard enough.
d. He prepares well for tests.
T0EFL Practice ll ) Bs
rvvvvvvvvvvw
; CIIAPTER
r|4 T0EFL Practice lll

, Part I: Short Diologues
tisten to the short dialogues. Choose the correct answer.
,
, l. a. The test is sooner than anything.
b. Jack doesn't want to think about the test.
, c. She's worried they'll give the test sooner.
, a. Jack's not expecting the test so soon.
, 2. a. lt took a second to think about the clothes.
I b. The shirt matches the pants.
i c. She's unsure about her thoughts.
I a. The shirt doesn't look good.
3. a. He tries hard to see improvement.
I b. His hard work hasn't made a difference.
c. His eyesight doesn't seem to be better.
d. lmprovement doesn't seem to matter.
1
4. a. She'll be out this hour.
I b. She'll be on an outing for one hour.

, c. lt won't take more than an hour.
I a. lt takes place sometime this hour.
I 5. r. Their interests are unusual.

I U. They don't have anything considered common.
c. They are different.
, O. lt's interesting how common they are.
; Check your answers.
I
6. a. lf they saw the park yesterday.
b. lf they were at the park yesterday.
c. lf they were at the sea or the park.
d. lf they parked near the sea.
7. The plane was leaving when he got to the airport.
^.
b. He got to the airport just in time.
c. He got to the airport late.
d. After he got to the airport, the plane left.
8. a. She couldn't agree with him anymore.
b. She couldnt be agreeable.
c. She can disagree with him.

d. She really agrees with him.
9. a. The clerk was very impolite.
b. The clerk has bad rules.
c. She's not sure how she feels about the clerk.
d. She's met a lot of clerks like that.
10. a. lt will take place at | :30.
b. He was held up in room 130.
c. They'll hold it at l:30.
d. They should go to room 130.
Check your answers.
il. a. She wants to know about the work out.

b. She wants to know what happens.
c. She wants to exercise, too.

d. She wants to know about the position.
12. a. She has been running better lately.
b. Unless she hurries, she won't be on time.
c. Her running rate is too slow.

d. She's been hurrying because she's very late.
t3. a. They shouldnt interfere with her writing.
b. Her letter will be what they want.
c. Allow her to be right.
d. The reporter will be fair.
138 ( Chaptor 14
;
' 14. a. The man should be very careful.
I b. lt's not safe anymore.

i c. The man will never be secure.
d. There aren't two safes.
15. a. He just told everybody what to do.
b. He wants to know who did that.
c. He wants to be told what he should do.
d. He would like to know everyone's duties.
Check your answers.
16.a. She's sorry she's going to miss it

b. She plans on attending.
' c. She's going to something else wonderful.
d. She's heard it's the best in the world,
17. a. She isnt very hungry.
b. She hasnt eaten yet.
c. She got something for lunch.
I a. She's started to eat.
; ,t. a. lt's too difficult to fix.
b. lt should be easy.
c. lt should be difficult.
d. lt shouldnt be difficult for two.
i
19. a. She expects rainy weather.

b. The weather is surprising.
c. She wants to be surprised.
I a. She's been given a weather report.
20. a. She isnt allowed to go to school.
' b. She doesn't get to go to school.
c. She doesn't have any energy.
I 6. She's going when she can.
I Checkyour answers.
21. a. Work is a pleasure for him.
b. His job is stressful.
c. Someone is with him from work.
d. He's being pressured to work.
22. a. He doesnt know what happened to Bob.
b. He doesn't know his age.

c. He might be in Asia.
d. He hasnt seen someone age so much.
23. a. Something strange.
b. A pretty stranger.
c. A strange knit.
d. A globe of the earth.
24. a. Three is not safe enough.
b. It's better to be on a side that's safe.
c. Two is not enough.
d. It's better to get to a safe site.
25. a. A check for the oven needs to be written.

b. The oven needs to be turned on.
c. She needs to check if the oven is turned up.
d. She needs to see if the oven is off.
Check your answers.
26. a. She doesn't want another helping.

b. She wants more of the main dish.
c. She's saving her dessert for later.
d. She loves the desert.
27. a. The last thing he needs is a casserole.

b. He doesnt want any more help.
c. He needs another person to help.
d. Bob will be the last person in the kitchen.
28. a. He is reading about time.

b. He can do it quickly.
c. He has no time.
d. He needs a lot of time.
140 ( Chapter 14
29. a. He has to go home.
b. He asks if he may leave.
c. He is available.
d. She should go home.
30. a. To an old shop.

b. To a frame shop.
c. To Art's shop.
d. To a shop on Sleet.
Part II: Casuol Conversations

You will hear a conversation between two people. Answer the questions that follow.
Questions I dnd 2 refer to Conyersotion l.

t. a. She has a lot of free time.
b. She loves to do the cooking.
c. She helps her husband a lot.
d. She has time for her hobbies.
2. a. He's a full-time student.
b. He's retired.
c. He's bored.
d. He helps around the house.
Questions 3-T refer to Conyersotion 2.

3. a. To her physics class.
b. To a lecture.
c. To the store.
d. To the doctor.
4. a. An exam.
b. Some milk.
c. Some math questions.
d. Some cigarettes.
5. a. She's good in math.

b. lt resembles water.
c. She drinks it.
d. lt doesn't matter.
T0EFt Pracfice lll

6. a. They both smoke.
b. They arent healthy.
c. They live together.
d. They like lectures.
7. a. At a store.
b. At school.
c. At a health food store.
d. At home.
t42 ( Chapfer 14
:
'' il"li'."'
APPENDII( 7YW
Pasl Tense Pronunciations
-ed is pronounced as t after voiceless sounds. voiceless sounds are:p,t,( s, f, sh, ch,th.*
-ed is pronounced as d after voiced sounds. Voiced sounds are:b,d,g,z,v,zh, j,m,n,ng, l,r,th.*
-ed is pronounced as id after t and d.
Pronuncialion for -s
-s is pronounced as s after voiceless sounds, except: s, sh, ch.
-s is pronounced as z after voiced sounds, excepc z,zh, j.
-s is pronounced as iz after: s, z, sh, ch, j,zh.
* th has two pronunciations. The symbol for the voiceless th is: [0].
The symbol for the voiced th is: IS].
TAPESERIPT
CIIAPTER l: REDUCTI0IIS Erercise 6
PREVI EW l. average 4. evening
2. finally 5. especially
l. ls that for here or to to? 3. separate
2. Mind if I open the window?
3. There's a whole'nother pizza in the oven.
Erercise 8
Erercise I l. different temperarure / different garage /
L between different bakery
6. feeling
2. another bakery / another temperature /
another tarage
3. color 8. correct
4. visit 3. every garage / every bakery / every
9. even
temPerature
5. believe 10. hundred
Erercise 9
Erercise 2 Two Friends
l. common 5. marriage l. A: What! your favorite vegetable?
2. escape 6. divorce B: Bananas.
3. receive 7. A: That's not a vegetable.That's a fruit!
Japan
4. today 8. behave
2. A: Did you go to the bakery?
B: I forgot. My memory is terrible.
Erercise 3 Ereroise l0
l. often 5. woman l. traveler 4. factory
2. hello 6. return 2. enough 5. counselor
I
3. having 7. because 3. instead
4. polite 8. traffic
Erercise 4
Erercise ll
At the Doctor
ln the Clossroom l. How long have you been sick?
l. A: Did you ger one hundred on the test? 2. Put out your tongue.
B: No, I have five mistakes.What about you? 3. Take a deep breath and hold it.
A: I got them all correct except one.
4. I'm going to write you a prescription.
2. A: ls marriage or divorce more common in
your country?
5. lf you don't feel better in three days, give me a
call.
B: Today marriages are still more common, I
believe.
Erercise 12
Erercise 5 Whot ore your plons for the weekend?
l. delicious 5. hospital
l. I thought we would watch a movie or video.
2. We are having our neighbors over for
dinner.
3. animal 7. returning
3. I want to sleep for as long as possible.
4. tomorrow 8. possible
4. I'd like to go hiking or camp at the beach.
Check your answers.
"'....*
Tapescript ) l4s
5. I need to catch up on all the work I didn't Erercise l7
get done this week.
At the Store
6. I have a list a mile long of things to do!
A: Will that be cash or chargel
7. I've iust got to get ready for a math exam.
B: Cash.Wait, I mean check.
8. There's a new exhibit at the art museum ld
A: Do you have a driver's license or other
like to see.
identificationl
B: How about a driver's license and passport?
Erercise l3
A: One or the other is O.K.
l. Got some extra? B: Here you are.
2. Know much about it?
3. Sounds expensive. Eretcise l8
4. 'Member the answer? FoodTalk
5. Something the matter? l. A: Care for another helPing?
6. Care for another one? B: I couldn't eat another bite.
7. Mind if I sit here? 2. A: ld like a hamburger and chocolate
8. Want to loin us? shake.
9. Matter much if I go? B: For here or to go?
10. Sleep too long? 3. A: What do You want to order for
dessertl
Erercise l4 B: Let's ask to see the dessert menu.
At the AirPort 4. A: Where did you learn to cook like this?
l. We have to check in here. B: I grew up in a familY of cooks.
2. Do you want to watch the Planesl 5. A: Why aren't you eating your vegetables?
I thought these were your favorite'
3. Look at this line.We're never going to make it.
B: They taste kind of different.
4. Are they going to serve food?
6. A: Let stoP at the bakery and get some
5. When are we going to arrive?
Pastries.
6. We have to fasten our seatbelts now. B: I don't think there's'nough time.
7. Do you want to sit bY the window?
8. We have to 8o through customs. C]IAPTER REUIEW
Erercise l5
At o Cofe
Erercise l9
l. Are you oPen or closed? More to Eat / Had 'noughl / Care for more? /
Here's some chocolate / From a gourmet store. /
2. Will you Pass me the cream and sugar?
You're on a diet? /This dessert's sugar free. / How
3. ls that a seven or one on the bill? 'bout some coffee / Or would you rather have some
4. This table and that one are oPen. tea?
5. Did you saY both coffee and milk?
Erercise 20
Erercise 16 Your Turn: Food Preferences
At the Post Office l. What's your favorite vegetable?
l. ls that regular or exPress mail? 2. Which do you like better: semi-sweet or dark
2. Did you say a sheet or book of stamps? chocolatel
3. Do you have a driver's license and one other 3. Do you prefer your coffee black or with
ID? cream and sugar?
4. Does this weigh more or less than an airmail 4. What foods do you like to buy in a bakery?
letter? 5. What's your favorite dessert?
146 ( TapescriPt
TEST YOURSETF Port B: Questions ot a Department Store
5. ls it on sale?
l. Mind if I join you?
6. Does it look O.K.l
2. 'Member Jack Wright, our old marriage
7. ls it too big on me?
counselor?
3. Do we have'nough time?
8. Does it come in any other colors?
4. Did you sign up for the aerobics class?

Erercise 4
5. Do you want to walk or drive?
Listening/Speoking Skrlls
You r Tu rn:
l. Understanding fast talk is almost impossible
vvvvvvvvvvvv 2.
for me.
Linked words sound strange.
CI|APTER 2: l}|TR0DUCT|0N T0 3. I understand everything my classmates say.

4. I want to speak as fast as native speakers.
U ilKttto 5. Linking will let me understand native speakers
PREVI EW better.
l. More rain is expected.

Erercise 5
2. Does it taste OK?
Answ e ri n g Mochin e Message
3. Am I on time?
Hi,Jack. I'm sorry, but I have to work late tonight.
l'll come as soon as I'm done. But I'm not sure about
Erercise I the time. lt might take me until l0 or | | to finish. See
Part A:
Whot's up? you in a while.
l. I'm working on another English assignment.
2. Have a seat.We're just about to start a video. Erercise 6
3. I'm waiting for a friend ro arrive. Yoice Mail Recording
4. I have an appointment at eleven, so I need to You have reached the office ofTom Moore,
leave in a minute. Department of Engineering. I'm away from my desk right
now or with a student. My office hours are from one to
Port B: On the Phone
two, Mondays,Wednesdays, and Fridays. Please leave a
5. A: May I speak to Mr.Abbot? message, and l'll get back to you as soon as I can.
B: I'm sorry. He's on another line. May I take
a message? Erercise 7
A: No, thanks. l'll call again in a little while.
At School
Erercise 2 A: Do you think you passed that testi

B: No, I think I failed.
Teacher to students This class is so hard for me.
t. Am I going too fast?
A: Oh, come on.You're smart.You'll pass.
2. Does it make sense?
B: I'm glad you believe that because I sure don't.
student to teocher
3. Am I latel Erercise 8
4. What's it mean?
Whot to Eot?
About the weother
Man: Are there any eggs left?
5. ls it raining out?
Woman: I think we ate them all.
6. Does it look like rainl
Man: Darn, I wanted to make an omelet.
Woman: What about heating up some of that leftover
Erercise 3 rice and chicken?
Port A: Questions ot Dinner Man: No, I'm tired of rice. Any other ideas?
l. Does it need more salt? Woman: Yeah. Let's go out!
2. ls it O.K.?
3. ls it too hot?
4. Does it taste good?
Tapescript
CIIAPTER REUIEW
vvvvvvvvvvvv
Erercise 9 CIIAPTER 3: SPECIAL S0U]lD CllAtlOES
Time to Eat / The soup's on the table / The
meat's getting cold / The coffee's iust been poured / PREUI EW
And the cook is getting bored! / Come this instant, l. Joe is 18 years old.
come right now. / Sit down at the table / Or the cook
will have a cow.
2. I can't get warm.
3. I'm sick of work.
Erercise l0
Erercise I
Following o MoP
l. little 9. pretty
When you leave the movie theater, go over the
First Avenue Bridge.At the sign that says "Festival
2. bottle 10. whatever
Foods," make a left. Go uP two blocks.Then make a 3. water I l. right away
right.Walk all the way to the end of the block-Your 4. Seattle 12. hot or cold
apartment is the building on your left. 5. better 13. wait'll
6. Saturday 14. go to the
TEST VOURSEIF I 7. idiot 15. cut it out.
l. That's an expensive looking car. 8. not at all
2. Mind if I take these seatsl
3. How far is it to the mall?
Eretcise 2
4. Care for another drink?
At the Gym
5. Whats it matter?
l. A: Have you exercised enough for today?
B: No. I'm not at all tired.
TEST VOURSEIF 2
At School
l. W: Excuse me, that chair in the window, how
2. A: I need to go to the bookstore right
much is it?
away.
M: Just a moment, I have to check-
B: l'llgo with you.
What is the woman asking about?
ln the Kitchen
2. M: What's up?
W: We were iust talking about our plans for
3. A: Do you want the water hot or cold?
tonight.Would you like to ioin us for a
B: Hot is good.
movie? At o Restouront
What does the man ask? 4. A: Why isn't anyone waiting on usl
3. W: What's on T.V. tonight? B: l'll go try to find a waiter.
M: That special I told you about is on.You
know, the one about that singer you like Erercise 3
so much. Trivio Questions
What are the two people talking about? l. What is the most common last name in the
United States?
4. W: Mind if I sit here?
2. What about in the world?
M: Sorry, but I'm saving this seat for my wife.
3. What animal lives the longest?
I think there's a few seats in front of the
screen.
4. Beethoven had a handicap or disability.What
was it?
Where are the two peoPle? 5. What is the deepest lake in the wodd?Where
5. M: Did I answer all your questions O.K'l is it?
W: I think so. lf I have any more' l'll ask you
tomorrow.
What is the woman going to do?
148 ( Tapescript
Erercise 4 Erercise 9
Your Turn: Questions with,Whaddaya', l. Where's your identificationl
l. What do you want for dinner tonight? 2. We have plenty of food left.
2. What are you thinking about right now? 3. lt's winter already.
3. What do you need to do tomorrowl 4. Will there be an intermission during the show?
4. What do you like to do after schooll
5. What do you like watching on T.V.l Erercise l0
6. What are you planning for the weekend? l. sentence 5. certain
2. mountain 6. written
Erercise 5 3. carton of milk 7. something
Two Friends 4. cotton shirt 8. gotten
l. A: Wait'll you see what I'm giving you for
B:
your birthday!
Cut it out! My birthday is six months
Erercise ll
AtWork
away.
l. A: There's a meeting scheduled at I l:00.
2. A: I love your jacket. B: I'm sorry, but I've got something else
B: Thanks. I bought it on sale. planned.
A: Where did you get it?
B: At a little shop down the streer. At o Cofe
A: I need a new coat. 2. A: Sorry I'm late.What's happening?
B: You ought to go there. l'll show you B: Not much.We're just waiting for some-
where it is. one to take our order.
At the Hoir Stylist

Erercise 6
3. A: Why don't we lighten your hair?
MoreTrivio Questions B: Oh, no. I want to keep it natural.
l. June has 30 days.
2. In a l0-minute cartoon,about 15,000 pictures
At School
must be made 4. A: That food in the cafeteria made me
3. An average man has about 141000 whiskers thirsty. I need to find a drinking fountain.
on his face. B: I'm really thirsty, too. I wish we hadnt
4. The U.S. flag has 50 stars and l3 stripes. eaten such salty food.
Erelcise ? Erercise l2
L The temperature is l8 degrees. Animol Trivio Questions
2. Only l3 more shopping days left until l. Dolphins can breathe underwarer.
Christmas. 2. The ostrich, which is the biggest bird in the
3. There are only 60 tickets left for sale.
world, cant fly.
4. The store is closing. Please take all purchases

3. A turtle can live 200 years.
to the cashier at 5:50 this evening. 4. Whales can stay under water for 24 hours.
5. You must be | 6 years old to enter. 5. Snakes have tiny legs that you can't see.
Erercise 8 Erercise f3
l. dentist appointment At o Hotel
2. enter quietly l. Where can we get a good meall
3. mental health 2. Can I change my money here?
4. doesnt matter 3. Can't we use the iacuzzi tonightl
5. medical cenrer 4. Whatl the latest we can tet room service?
6. rental car 5. Can I get a wake-up call in the morning?
6. Can't you give me a non-smoking room?
7. What! the earliest we can get the airport
shuttle?
Tapescript ) t49
Erercise l4 Erercise l9
Phroses with of Two Friends otWork
l. sick of work / sick of school A: What are You doing for lunch?
2. a waste of money / a waste of time / a waste B: I thought ld go run around the track.Would
of energy you like to ioin me?
3. out of shape / out of state / out of work / out A: To be honest, I'm out of shape'After iust a
of date / out of this world few minutes, I'd be out of breath.
4. a little of this / a little of that B: Well, that's the best reason to go running. So
you can get better.
Erercise l5 A: Then I need to find some other kind of
exercise. I've never really been fond of
'lfhere hove you been?'
running.
l. I've been out of town for a few days.
2. At the gym. I'm so out of shaPe. CIIAPTER REVIEW
3. Travelingout of the country on business'
4. Looking for a lob. I've been out of work for
week. Erercise 20
Diet Blues / | can't eat cake / and I can't eat ice
Erercise 16 cream. /This fattening food around me / Makes me
want to scream. / | know I'm out of shape / I need to
At o Restouront
diet, too. / But can't | find some foods to eat / That
t. A: This dessert tastes out of this world.
don't leave me feeling so bluel
B: Let me try a little of that.
2. A: Oh, no! I'm out of money.
TEST VOURSETF I
B: And I've only got out of state checks!
How are we going to pay for all of this l. What can't you do?
food? 2. ls this food fatteningl
3. A: I'm really glad we came here tonight' I'm 3. I hurt my arm when I was working out.
so tired of cooking. 4. That movie was a waste of moneY.
B: But if we keep eating food like this, we're
5. The reading assignment begins on page 315.
going to be out of shaPe real soon.
TEST Y0URSELF 2 lToEFt

Erercise l?
PRACTICEI
YourTurn: PetTolk
l. lf you have a pet, you will live longer. l. W: Did you see the Brown's new housel
2. Pets take plenty of work. M: Yeah. lt's something else. lt probably cost
3. Dogs should eat plenty of the food that we eat. millions.
4. A dog can communicate better than a cat. What does the man say about the Brown's new
house?
5. Pets should stay outside because they are kind
of dirty. 2. W: You wanted to tell me something?
M: lt can wait. lt's not that important.
Erercise l8 What is the man going to do?
Your Turn: Leorning English W:
3. ls the coffee ready?
t. I'm tired of learning English. M: lt's getting there.
2. Listening is the hardest skill of all for me.
What does the man mean?
3. It's hard to think of answers quickly in English.
4. It takes a lot of effort for adults to learn
4. M: How long have you been waiting in line?
languages.
W: For almost an hour.We may not get tick-
ets.
What are the peoPle doing?
t5o ( Tapescript
5. M: Would you like some of this soft drink?
W: Oh, I dont care for those artificially Erercise 4
sweetened drinks. l. I would like to meet him.
What does the man offer? 2. I think he's the best actor in the world.
3. There is something special about his style of
acting.
,+; ;l.tt. .",r.:*.. ..'k. .*,:;* ,;;:{i:,," .+rL*: ;i$iil* .,.]:3f,ii .JirTi".;ifijr, 0,,,,."i: 4. He doesn't seem to have any serious faults,
5. I really admire him.
CIIAPTER 4: SlLEllT h Erercise 5

PREVI EW About a Professor
t. Did he help you much?
l. They said they were coming but I havent seen
them.
2. Did he explain clearly?
2. What's her addressl
3. Does he give enough examplesl
3. I think she's pretty tired.
4. Did he give a lot of homework?
5. Does he act friendly?
Erercise I 6. Did he tell any jokes?
l. Did his manager leave? 7. Does he let you call him at home?
Did his sister come?
8. Does he answer your questions patiently?
2. Does he speak English?
Erercise 6
Does he work long hours?
3. What's his name?
A: So tell me about pat.What's she like to do in
her free timel
4. What does he want?
B: Free timel
5. I saw him at home.
A: Yeah, what's she like to do when she's not
I saw him yesterday.
working?
Erercise 2
B: Well, she loves sports so we often watch
soccer or basketball at her place.
l. lt has been fun.
It has been a problem. Erercise 7
2. The teacher has had fun. Sorne EodAdvice?
The teacher has had time. A: I may have gotten Terry in trouble.
The teacher has had a problem. B: Howso?
3. My parents have said ',yes." A: I told him that he should ask his boss for
4. We had seen his father. more money. I was joking, but I think he went
5. I had had fun. ahead and did it.
I had had time. B: Sounds like he could have a problem then.
I had had a problem.
l. Terry asked her boss for more money.
Erercise 3
2. Terry is a man.
ls Mr.Abbot avoilqble? Erercise 8

l. I'm sorry, but he's on another line.
New Boby
2. He's not available, but I can have him call you A: Your new baby's beautiful.What's his name?
later.
B: We havent decided yet.
3. He's away from his desk, but hers expected
back soon.
A: I think he looks like you.ls he sleeping
through the night or does he wake you up
4. He's not in at the moment, but I can transfer
lot?
a
you to his voice mail.

B: Oh, unfortunately he only sleeps for a few
5. I think he's down the hall. Let me check.
hours at a time. I've been pretty busy taking
6. I'm not sure. Let me look at his calendar. care of him.
Tapescripl
Erercise 9 Erercise l3
Monoger to Assistont
Questions Teochers Ask Students
l. Have I exPlained it O.K? l. A: Have you spoken to him yet about the
coPY machine?
2. Have you understood the main ideasl
B: No, he hasn't been in Yet.
3. Have You got a question?
2. A: I expected only a few people for this
4. Has it gotten confusing?
meeting.What haPPened?
B: I told them it was required. I thought
Erercise l0 that's what You said.
At o Party 3. A: What did you tell them about the pro-
l. A: I'd like to meet that woman over there' iect?
Can You introduce me to her? B: That they need to give me the final draft
B: Sure, let's go by MondaY.
2. A: This food is wonderful. Did your wife 4. A: Have you been able to reach him yetl
cook it all herself? B: No. he's still out of town.
B: Most of it , but her brother helped her'
too. CIIAPTER REVIEW
3. A: ls that Scott sleeping on the sofa?
B: Yeah, I think he's PrettY tired.
4. A: I'm having a Party next Saturday' Erercise 14
B: Oh, no, I'm having one too! New Guy on the Block / What's he like? /
A: You iust had one last week! What! he like to do? /What's his lob? /Tell me
5. A: I thought you d be getting here much something new. / ls he shy, is he quiet, / Or does he
later.What haPPened? like to talk? /Tell me more about him /'Cause he's the
B: MY boss had less work for me than he new guy / On the block.
expected so I could leave earlY'
TEST YOURSEIF I
Erercise ll L Where's he been?
l. Does he live in your native country? 7. Did you helP him get his work done?
2. ls he a movie star? 3. What's her address?
3. Does he work hard? 4. When's his graduationl
4. Does he like to aPPear in Public? 5. Does he have everything for his trip?
5. ls he a nice Person?
TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFI
Erercise 12 PRACTICEI
Conversotions ot Work
t. A: Did he tet a raisel l. W: Where has he gone?
B: Yes, but not as much as he wanted. M: I think he's outside.
2. A: What department is he working in? What is the woman asking?

B: I'm not sure. 2. W: When's Kim coming?
3. A: What's her phone number? M: I'm expecting him and his friends any
B: 555-1732. minute.
4. A: What's the matter? Who is coming?
B: I have to tell the new clerk that he's fired'
5. A: Pat's not here. ls she sick? 3. M: Where's Pad
B: I think so. W: My guess is he's sick'
A: Where's she transferred to? What does the woman saY?
B: I think the accounting department. 4. M: Look at that.
W: The price has gone uP again.
What are the PeoPle discussing?
152 ( TapescriPt
5. W: How have they been doing in the classl
Erercise 4
W: Everyone's doing well except Jan. I think
Answering Questions
he's failing.
How has fan been doing?
l. What type of car are you looking for?
2. Did you get the travel information you
needed?
3. How about dining out tonight?
vvvvvvvvvvvv 4. Was the movie as good as everyone says?
5. Could you believe that no one got a passing
CIIAPTER 5: ADUAIICED !lilf lilG grade on that test?
PREVI EW
Erercise 5
l. They need money. Clossroom Announcements
2. The plane's arriving at Gate 3. l. The textbook has arrived in the bookstore.
3. They play tennis. 2. Everyone passed the test.
3. Everyone will pass the test.
Erercise I 4. The next exam has been postponed.
L seat belts 6. did they 5. The library asks that all students attend an
2. at this 7. what day orientation.
I 3. meet me 8. might be
I
I
4. need more 9. give me Erercise 6
J
5. about that 10. get there l. I need money
I
I 2. He travels by plane
: Erercise 2 3. She likes to cook dinner
4. He waited for the bus
YourTurn:Whot would you like to chonge
I
I
in your life?
5. She studied science
I
l. At this time, I'm working too hard. 6. The company was started
{
2. I need more excitement in my life. 7. He picked the mail up

I
3. lt might be better if I had less homework. 8. The movie started

I
I
4. I need to meet more English-speaking people. Erercise 7
I 5. lt's important for me to have more time each
I
day to sit down and relax. Ai rport An nouncernents
I
l. The plane's arriving at Gate 32.
I
Erercise 3 2. The plane's iust arrived at Gate 32.
In the Kitchen 3. All carry-on luggage must be checked.

I
l. A: What do you want for dinner? 4. Your flight's set to depart a linle late today.
B: Let me think about it. I'm not really all 5. All flights have been canceled due to the
that hungry. weather.
I 2. A: Look at that delicious cake.
I
B: C'mon.That's the last thing I need! Erercise 8
I
ls Bob OKr
I
AtWork
A: What was that all about? I've never seen Bob
I
3. A: I got the lob I interviewed for. so upset. Did something happen?
I
B: Congratulations! But really I'm not B: Not that I know of. But I just got here. I did
I surprised.You've done so well!
hear though that his wife asked for a
:
ln the Cor divorce.
I
l 4. A: Where should I put these groceries? A: Really! I'm so surprised because they always
I
B: The back seat would be best. seemed so happy together.
I
i
B: You never can tell!
I
I
Tapescript
I
I
Erercise 9 CIIAPTER REVIEW
At the Office
L M: Where was Sue yesterday? She missed Erercise l3
the meeting.
Rainy Day / lt started to rain / lt started to pour. /
W: I think she was sick.
The weather looked nasty / Still I headed out the door.
M: That's the second time this week. / | hurried for the city bus / And missed the last one. /
2. W: Could you give me a lift after work? My So I sat down in the pouring rain /And waited for the
car's in the shop and I need to pick it up sun.
by six.
M: Sure.Just let me know when you want to TEST VOURSEIT I
leave.
W: Did you get that report done? L Wasn't the hotel supposed to give us an air-
conditioned rooml
M: Not yet. I've had trouble with my com-
Puter.
2. Did you tet a ticket for speedingl
3. Which of the two books would be better for
Erercise l0 children?
Common Phroses
4. What day would be good for your picnic?
l. don't you / didnt you / wouldn't you / couldn't
5. How many people did you tell this story to?
you
2. did you / would you / could you TEST Y0URSELF 2 (roEtt
3. what you / that you PRACTTCEI
4. how! your / when's your / where's your l. W: Great party, but I really must be going.
5. what's your / that's your M: You just got here an hour ago!
Erercise ll What is the woman doing?

2. M: ls there anything else I can help you with?
Informotion Questions
W: Yes. Could I get this present gift-
l. What's your namel
wrapped?
2. Where's your l.D.?
Where are the two people?
3. What's your birthdatel
4. When's your birthday? 3. M: You need to relax.
5. When did you get your first job? W: I can't seem to find the time.
What does the woman mean?
Erercise l2 4. W: What are you doing up at this time of
Two Friends night?
l. A: When's your date with the new guy M: I just cant fall asleep.
from work? What does the woman ask?
B: How did you know about thatl 5. W: What a great haircut!
A: You told me last week! M: Thanks, I had someone different do it this
2. A: What are you thinking aboutl time.
B: I'm lust daydreaming.
3. A: Would you like to see a movie on Who cut the man's hair?
Fridayf
B: I think so, but you might want to check
back with me later. I may have a conflict.
4. A: What are you looking at?
B: You! | like to watch you smile.
154 ( Tapescript
2. Sorry, I've got an invitation to something else.
vvvvvvvvvv 3.
4.
Can I take a raincheckl
I have a meeting that will go pretty late.
CIIAPTER 6: F0CUS 0ll FUllCIlOll 5. This isnt an especially good evening for me,
WORDS but how about next weekl
6. Sure, but can we go to an inexpensive
PREUI EW restaurant.
l. I got in late last night.

7. I've got a headache; maybe some other time.
7. Are these the ones you wantl

8. I have an appointment that goes until 6:00, but
I'm free after that.
3. Leti go to an inexpensive restaurant.
Erercise 6
Erercise I
l. There's a little time.
Irivio Questions
2. There's little information about that flight.
l. What is the number-one-selling drink in the
3. She has few bills to pay.
world?
2. What is the bikini bathing suit named afterl
Erercise 7
3. How many bones does an adult have?
The Origin of theWord'OK'
4. What do doctors consider the healthiest age
to bel I'd like to
tell you about the origin of the word
"OKl' In 1840, there was a groupof men that wanted
to re-elect MartinVan Buren as president of the U.S.
Erercise 2 They formed a club called the OK Democratic Club.
Riddles They chose the name OK, becauseVan Buren was
l. Where does Superman buy his groceries? from a town called Kinderhook, NewYork,and his
2. Why did Mickey Mouse take off in a rocked nickname was "Old Kinderhook." So his initials were
3. What's the heaviest part of the fish?
"OK."That was also the password for the club. Soon,
"OK" began to be used to mean "all rightl' Now it is
4. Why did the knife do so well on its math
an expression that is used around the world.
test?
5. Why wasn't the woman afraid of the tigerl
Erercise 8
Erercise 3 Making Plone Reservotions
In o Clothing Store
l. Do you want an aisle or window seat?
l. Are these on salel

2. When are you planning to travel?
2. Can I get this in a different sizel

3. Please hold.All reservation agents are helping
other customers.
3. Do you have that one in any other colors?
4. Please hold. One of our agents will be with
4. Where can I try these on? you in a moment.
5. How long does the sale last? 5. Our policy doesnt allow children under five
6. What's the price for thisl to travel alone.
6. You can pay by credit card or mail a check.
Erercise 4
Teocher to Students Erercise 9
l. You need to finish it by Friday. Store Comploints
2. Did I give you enough of an explanationl l. A: Our sofa hasn't arrived yet. lt was sup-
3. Do you understand it OK? posed to be here one or two weeks ago.
4. You'll need to try that again. B: Let me check our records.
5. You did a good lob on that. 2. A: I'm not sure if the lamp's broken or if the
light bulb doesn't work.
Erercise 5 B: Let's see.
Responses to the Question."'lilould you

3. A: What are we going to do? Our refriger-
ator has stopped working, and we're hav-
like to hove dinner together tonight?'
ing a dinner party this weekend.
L That's a great idea!
Tapescript
B: Our policy is to send out our first avail- 4. W: Are those books what you were looking
able repair person. lt looks like that will for?
be tomorrow.Will you be home, or M: Those are the ones.
should we call first? What is the man doing?
A: I dont know what our plans are. Let me
5. M: What are you planning for NewYear's?
call you back.
W: Our cousins are having us over.
What wtll the woman do?

CIIAPTER REVIEW
Erercise l0 ,&."{&";Sb-.g*'.x*gi.tf*tx,.slltil,.l&r,.,1fu ,sk*.*&'.&'

Travel Dreams / I've been there and done that /
/ I'd like to travel /To places
Saw those and heard that.
7: CONTRACTI0IIS
CIIAPTER
unknown / Maybe with friends / Maybe alone. / But not
in a plane / Nor even by car I I'd lust like to wdk /To PREVI EW
places afar.
l. He does know the answer.
Erercise ll 2. What'll it be?
Goingto the Gym 3. ltd been rainy for weeks.

A: Are you going to the gym this afternoon?
B: lsn't it closed? Today's a holiday. Erercise I
A: No, it's open from 12:00 to 4:00. Responses to{'l reolly apreciote your help."
B: Oh, I don't know. My back is a bit sore. I l. Don't mention it.
worked too long in the garden yesterday. 2. lt wasn't much.
A: That's all the more reason to go to the gym. 3. No problem. I didn't have anything else to do.
You can do a lot of stretching exercises.
Responses to:"Con I poy you for your help?'
B: I do those at home.
A: I know but I sure would like some company!
4. That isn't necessary.
B: O.K. l'll go.l'll meet you in an hour.

5. Don't even think about it!
TEST YOURSETF I Erercise 2

Troveling by Plone
l. Could I get change for a dollar? l. People without tickets aren't allowed in the
2. What's in that little box over there? gate area.
3. Are you sure these dates and times will be 2. There is no meal service on this flight.
O.K. for youl 3. You want to get checked in an hour before
4. Would you like some help with the dishesl the flight.
5. lt sure is hot in here. 4. You should wear your seatbelt the entire
flight.
TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFL 5. Visitors can wait in the passenger waiting
area.
PRACTICEI
6. This airline does not allow smoking.
l. W: We need your decision.
M: Give me a week or two.
Erercise 3
What does the man mean? Restouront Comploints
2. W: I have yet to see your new baby. L This isn't what I ordered.
M: She seems to grow an inch a day. 2. The fish isn't cooked enough.
What does the man mean? 3. This dish doesn't taste right.
3. M: What are those papers you're working on? 4. This isn't our bill.
W: I'm lust going through some end of the 5. This salad doesn't have any dressing on it.
year rePorts. 6. There doesn't seem to be any cheese on the
What is the woman doing? Pasta.
156 ( Tapescript
Erercise 4 l. Where'll you go?
At the Librory
2. What'll you see?
l. A: I couldn't find this book.
3. When'll you leavel
B: Let me check the computer. Let's see... 4. How'll you get therel
it's checked out. lt won't be here for at 5. Who'll you meetl
least two more weeks.You want to put Part B: Questions with "hove"
a hold on it?
l. Where've you been?
A: Sure.
B: lf I could just see your library card, I can
2. Who've you metl
do that right now.
3. What've you seen?
4. How long've you been here?
No Hot Woter 5. How've you enjoyed the trip so far?
2. A: There isn't any hot water.
PorI C: Questions with"did"
B: I just did a wash.There won't be any for
another two hours. l. Whered you go?
A: I can't go out looking like this. I've got to 2. What'd you dol
take a shower. 3. What'd you see?
B: Sorry, but I didn't know you would 4. When'd you get back?
want a shower. Didn't you take one this 5. Who'd you meet?
morning? 6. How'd you like it?
A: Yeah, but I've been our working in the
garden. I don't look very attractive right Erercise 8
now!
lnterview with a Moyie Stor
t. How'd you get your start in films?
Erercise 5
2. A question about your family: How've they
Teacher to Students enjoyed your success?
t. You'll do better next time. 3. How about your parents? How've they
2. We'll have the midterm a week from Friday. treated you since you've become a star?
3. l'll give you your tests back at the end of class 4. What'd you like to do next?
today. 5. Your husband is a famous actor. When'll he
4. I'm canceling my office hours for Monday. star in a picture with you?
At the Office 6. What'll you do for your next picture?
5. He'll help you with the project.

Erercise 9
6. She'll reschedule the meeting.
SmollTolk
7. You're going to need some assistance with that.
8. I think they're going to give us a raise.
l. What'll you do this weekend?
2. How'd you like that weather we had?
Erercise 6 3. How'ye they become so successful?
Who wonts to help moye this piono?
4. When'll they get married?
l. She'll do it.
5. What've you got planned for summerl
2. As soon as he comes back, I'm sure he'll
6. Where'll they go for vacation?
offer.
3. l'll try, but my back is kind of sore. Erercise l0
4. They will, but they'll need to leave by 2:00. YourTurn: SmallTalk
5. I'm sorry but we're not even going to try. l. What'll you do tomorrow?
6. Give us a minute and then we'll do it. 2. Where'll you be tonight?
7. You're not serious, are you? 3. How'll you get home after school?
4. What've you got planned for the weekend?
Erercise 7 5. How'ye you been doing?
Port A: Questions with "will"
Tapescript
Erercise ll 4.
5.
What's he dof
What's he like to do?
Stoying with o Host FomilY
l. The family'll pick you up at the airport. Erercise l5
2. Their children are really excited about your
Your Hometown
visit.
3. They want you to feel comfortable.
l. What's it look like?
4. The language'll sound fast at first.

2. What's it like?
5. The food'll be a little strange at first.

3. What's there to do?
6. Your first week'll go very fast.

4. Where's your favorite place to go?
7. 5. Whatl the weather been like latelyl

Jet lag'll give you some trouble with sleep.
8. Their car'll be available for you to drive.
Erercise 16
Erercise l2 At the Doctot's
At the Bonk
Doctor: You don't look so well.
l. A: I'd like to open an account. Patient: My fever's goften worse.

B: Just a moment, and the teller'll be right Doctor: What've you taken for it?
with you. Patienc Just aspirin.And my husband's been giving
2. A: ls there a monthly charge for a checking me lots of liquids.

accountl Doctor: So how many days've you had this?
B: Next week, there'll be a special Promo- Patient: I think this's the fifth.
tion, and you can sign up then for an Doctor: I'm glad you came in. Wetll run some tests.
account with no fees.
3. A: ld like to cash this check. Erercise l7
B: Because it's a large amount, the bank'll My New Car
need to put a hold on it until it clears. t. It'll last for years.
4. A: When'll my checks be ready? 2. It'd better last a long time.
B: lt'll take 14 days. 3. It'd be great with a sunroof.
5. A: Will I be overdrawnl 4. It'll be great in the mountains.
B: This check'll clear tomorrow and you'll
5. It'll save a lot of gas.
be fine.
About theWeother
Predictions for the Yeor
AboutYour Fomily
l. lt'd better be sunny tomorrow
t. Your husband'll take you somewhere
2. I think it'll rain for days now.
special. 3. lt'd be nice if we had some sunshine.

2. One of your children'll get married. 4. I wish it'd warm up a little.
5. The sky looks like it'll snow soon.
About Your lob
6. lt'd been nice for weeks.
3. Your boss'll give you a raise.
4. Your company'll be downsized. Erercise l9
AboutYour Friends At o Restourunt
5. Your best friend'll finally get married. l. A: Can I park your car for You?
6. After 20 years, your college roommate'll

B: That'd be great.
2. A: How's your pasta?
visit you.
B: I think it'd be better with less
Erercise l4 3. A:
garlic.
Would you like ground PePPer on your
l. What's he like? salad?
2. Where's he from? B: ThatU be fine.
3. Whatl he look like?
158 ( Tapescript
4. A: ls our order almost ready? W: I wouldn't be surprised.
B: It'll just take a few more minutes. What does the woman mean?
5. A: I'm sorry, but the fish doesnt taste fresh.
B: That's strange. lt'd lust come in this
morning. i:l:. .
vvvvvvvvvvvv
., . .r:!; ,,t!i:lii
.,;,.. ", ;i11
CIIAPTER REVIEW
CIIAPTER 8: EllDlll0s AllD
Erercise 20
BEolilil tlros
Blind Date / Where's she livel /What's she do? / PREVI EW
What's she likel / Hey,give me a clue! /When'll I meet
herl / How'll she be? /What'll ltell her about myself? / l. Your faxes are here.
How'll she feel about mel 2. Are you uncomfortable?
3. This computer is almost as cheap as thar one.
Erercise 2l
Weother Report Erercise I
Theweather'll be looking better as the week Trovel Announcements
we're looking at more rain but by
goes on.Today, l. The terminal closes in ten minutes.
tomorrow things'll starr to warm up. Look for highs 2. Passengers need to exit to the right.
only in the 40s tonight, but highs'll get up into the 70s 3. The express bus goes south of downtown.
tomorrow. Rain'll decrease, and we'll see some
sunshine later in the day. That'll continue through
4. Anyone boarding this flight needs to show a
picture LD.
Thursday.Then, you'll want to take your umbrella on
Friday because the rain'll be back.
5. Passengers need to stay within the roped area.
TEST YOURSETF I Erercise 2

In the Ktchen
l. What'll it bel l. Dinner's ready.
2. How'll I know when my order's ready? 2. The ice's on the counter.
3. What've you got that isn't too fatteningl 3. l'll put the dishes away.
4. lsn't this burger supposed to have onions on
4. The oven's still on.
itl
5. Could you move the baby's high chair?
5. How long'll it take to get an order of fries?
6. Pass me your mom's dessert, please.
7. The fish is done.
TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFL 8. I think the chicken's a little undercooked.
PRACTTCEI
l. W: You won't believe what I saw. Erercise 3
M: Try me. At the Office
What does the woman mean? l. Your faxes are here.
2. M: I didn't exactly catch your name.

2. Your computer's still on.
W: I haven't told you. 3. Tim's office is upstairs.
Why doesn't the man know her name?

4. Oh, no! | think my hard drive's just crashed.
5. E-mail's great, isn't itl
3. W: Only half your order is ready.
6. Their offices are down the hall.
M:That just won't do.
What does the man mean? Erercise 4
4. M: How's it work? YourTum: Everyday Life
W: lwishlknew. l. You got sick last month.
What are these people most likely referring to? 2. Ycu've gotten sick this year.
5. M: Do you think our bank account's over- 3. You've spoken English for a year.
drawn? 4. You drive a car to school.
Tapescript
5. You've driven a car before. B: I understand.
6. Sometimes you take the bus to school. 5. A: This file is incomplete.
7. Sometimes you've taken a taxi to school. B: I know. I'm working on it.
8. eat breakfast every morning.
You
9. You've eaten breakfast today.
Erercise l0
10. For dinner, you eat at home every night. At the Store
l. Which is the cheaper of the two?
Erercise 5 2. I need the biggest size.
l. The sky is clouding over. 3. How late are you open?
2. I wish it weren't so rainy out. 4. Let's wait in this line. lt's shorter.
3. You look like you've been sleeping. 5. This dress isn't as pretty as that one.
4. The humidity makes my hair too curly.
5. The roads are too snowy to drive on. Erercise ll
Directions to the Moll
Erercise 6 l. What's the quickest way to the mall?
l. Did you know that your eye is a little 2. This way is longer. Take this street instead.
swollen? 3. Dont worry.This map isnt as hard as it
2. That sure looks like an inviting meal. looks.
3. You're looking a little puzzled. 4. Dont go fast there. lt's a speed trap.
4. Thatl classified information. 5. ls there a simpler way to get there?
5. That's a risky iob.

Erercise 12
Erercise 7 Fomous People
At o HosPitol l. Madonna is prettier than Sharon Stone.
l. Are you ver), comfortable? 2. No athlete will ever be as great as Michael
2. Your heartbeat sounds more regular. Jordan.
3. She's a very skilled doctor.

3. Bill Gates is happier than most people.
4. convenient time to visit?

ls this a
4. Sandra Bullock is as cute as Meg Ryan.
5. His diagnosis is still a little unclear.

5. Jackie Chan is quicker than Arnold
Schwarzenegger.
Erercise I 6. Jackie Chan is the quickest of all the martial

arts actors.
At School
l. Your essay looks incomplete. CIIAPTER REUIEW
7. This part is especially logical.
3. That's a common argument.
4. This assignment looks unimportant. Erercise l3
5. I think this grade is unfair. fewelry Sale / Watches, earrings / Necklaces and
rings. / | never thought an expensive store / Would
discount so many things. /The prices are as low as can
Erercise 9 be / but the quality isn't cheap. / I'd love to spend all
At the Office my money here / But then ld never sleep!
t. A: Will the dinner meeting be casual?
B: I think it will be pretty informal. TEST YOURSETF I
2. A: How do you know you didnt get the
promotion? l. Are you freezing, too?
B: She indirectly let me know. 2. How was he chosen CEO of the company?
3. A: My workload's getting more unmanage- 3. What's your greatest worry?
able. 4. Why were you so late returning last night?
B: Can I be of any help? 5. Are you sure you've driven this kind of car
4. A: We need to follow up on this situation. before?
It's not an unimportant matter.
160 ( Tapescript
I
I TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFL 5. After studying this book, you'll be able to

understand English speakers better, won't
PRACTTCEI Youl
l. W: Do you have this in a larger size? 6. After studying this book, you're going to
M: Size l0 is as large as they come. understand English speakers better, aren't
you?
What does the woman want?
2. M: Does something seem unusual? Erercise 3
W: lt! quieter than normal? Manoger to Employee
What does the woman mean? L You can stay late, can't you?
3. M: When do you need these pants? 2. You need more help, right?
W: Thursday at the latest. 3. You worked overtime last week, huh?
When does the woman need the pants? 4. You haven't taken a vacation yet, have you?
Doctor to Potient
4. W: Do you have to be so impolite?
M: We're iust whispering. 5. You're in a lot of pain, aren't you?
(Note: exasperated tone) 6. You haven't been taking your medicine, right?

7. You've not been feeling well, have youl
8. You won't miss your next appointment,
5. W: Your brother seems to have a busy hmmm?
schedule.
M: He's only working part-time. Erercise 4
What does the man imply? Porent to Child
l. You're not awake yet, are you?
2. You wont be late, will you?
; vvvvvvvvvvvv
I
3. You haven't finished your homework, have
you?
CIIAPTER 9 : ORAttlUAR CllAttE]lOES I 4. You're goingto be up late, aren't youl
5. You have too much to do, don't you?
PREVI EW
6. You cleaned your room, didn't you?
l. The price has never been lower.
2. He stopped to eat. Erercise 5
3. I've never seen a happier baby. l. Kathy forgot to go shopping.
2. Dave stopped in the hall to talk.
Erercise I 3. Jane remembers skiing last weekend.
Teocher to Students
l. I gave you homework, didn't l? Erercise 6
2. We were on page 10, weren't we? Pot's Doy
3. You didn't finish it, did you? l. Pat remembered to call the doctor before he
4. You have a question, don't you? left for work.
5. This is hard, isn't it? 2. Pat forgot to pick up the groceries.
6. This isn't hard, is it? 3. Pat stopped exercising when his back began
7. lt was a lot of work, wasn't it? hurting.
8. You worked really hard, didn't you? 4. Pat remembered to order the pizza for the
Party.
, Etgt0iSg 2 5. At midnight, Pat stopped ro do some work.
I Vo ur Experiences with English
l. You're not a native English speaker, are youl EfglCiSe 7
2. Listening is difficult,isn't it? Soles Tolk
3. Learning English takes a lot of work, doesn't L You won't find a cheaper car.
it? 2. You couldn't be luckier.
4. You're improving your English, aren't you?
Tapescript ) l6l
3. There's never been a better time to buy.
CIIAPTER REUIEW
4. You couldnt ask for a better price.
5. There isn't a faster computer.
6. This isn't our fastest computer.
Erercise 13
7. The price has never been lower. What a Deal? / The price has never been lower
you say /"All the other shops are so high." /You tell
8. The price has never been low there.
me I couldn't be luckier /And find a better buy. / I've
shopped a lot around the town / And found a cheaper
Erercise 8 one / So you d better match my offer right now / Or
Students Tolking About o Closs the business we're doing is done.
t. Nothing is simpler than this.
7. It's harder than I expected. TEST YOURSEIF I
3. I've never had a worse experience.
l. Why did you stop to talk?
4. You wont find an easier teacher.
2. You won't help, will you?
Teochers Tolking About o Closs.
3. What did you forget to do?
5. I've never taught a better group.
4. lt's not enough, huh?
6. I've never given a hard test.
5. Have you ever eaten hotter food?
7. I've never graded better papers.
I've never moved faster with a class.
8.
TEST V0URSELF 2 (T0EFL
Erercise 9 PRACTTCEI
Your Experience in the Clossroom L M: Did you remember to feed the dogs?
l. I've never taken a difficult class. W: They were fed hours ago.
2. I've never taken a harder class. What does the man ask?
3. I've never worked harder for this class. 2. W: The cost will never be lower.
4. I've never studied hard for this class. M: I'm still not sure yet.
Erercise l0
3. W: Did you remember meeting Paul?
l. Are you lecturing Sue? M: No, he didn't even look familiar.
2. Who's helping, Kiml
3. lt's fun to visit Jim.
4. Why did you watch, Danl 4. M: We can't give you a better buy.
5. Did you hear, Nancy? W: Are you surel

Erercise ll 5. M: I've never spent more time correcting
I
l. How much did you give Linda? PaPers.

I
2. lt's easy to like, Fred. W: I've noticed!

3. When are you leaving Sara? What does the man mean?
4. ltl hard to tell, Jake.
5. Why are you studyingTom?
Erercise 12
vvvvvvvvvvvv
l. lts interesting to watch, Scott. CIIAPTER l0: 0RAl[ttlAR CllAttElteES ll
2. They are helping, Bob.
3. Willyou visit Billy? PREVI EW
4. lt's easy to be fond of Cathy. l. You could have been hurt.
5. Why did you tellJanl 2. The plane should have arrived.
3. Had I time. I would have washed the dishes.
;;l Tapescript
Erercise I 5. I could have worked harder in school.
6. I could have been a better child.
Advice fromTeocher to Students
l. You should have done your homework.
Erercise 5
2. You should have tried harder.
On the lob
3. You should have come to my office for extra
l. You should have been here at 7:00.
helP.
4. You shouldn't have cheated.
2. That idea might work.
3. We're out of paper for the copy machine.
Erercise 2 4. The manager could have helped more.
Responses to the Question."lflhy ore You

5. She might have already finished the report.
still here?'
6. He must have been tired.
Port A
7. He had to have seen the mistakes.
l. My bus should have been here l0 minutes ago.

8. You could accomplish a lot.
2. The plane should have taken off at noon.

Erercise 6
3. The train should have left by now.
Working out o Problem with o Friend
4. My photocopies should have been ready an
hour ago. L How could I have helped?
2. How might I have been of more helpl
Port B
3. What should I have saidl
l. My bus should have been here l0 minutes ago. 4. Could I have done more?
I Did the bus come yet?
Would it have been better if I hadn't done
5.
2. The plane should have taken off at noon. / Did that?
the plone olreody toke ofl
3. The train should have left by now. I Hos the
Erercise 7
troin alreody left?
At the Store
4. My photocopies should have been ready an
hour ago. I Are the photocopies reody?
l. Customer: I'd like to return this.
Clerk Do you have a receipt?
Customer: No. I must have left it at
Erercise 3
home.
Situotion.' Poul didn't come to school
2. Friend: Whatt the matter?
todoy, nor did he go to his iob ofterword.
Customer: That salesperson was rude. He
Possible reosons.' could have been more helpful.
l. He may have been sick. 3. Friend: Did you get the sale price on
2. He might have skipped school and work. that sofa?
3. He might have been in some trouble. Customer: No, I waited too long. I should
4. He must have felt really terrible. have bought it last week.
5. His car could have broken down. 4. Clerk How would you like to pay?
6. He may have gone to his girlfriend's. Customer: Charge. Uh oh, wait, my credit
7. He must have overslept. card's not here. I may have left
it at the store across the street.
Erercise 4 l'll be right back.
Fomily Motters
Agree or Disogree
Erercise I
l. My parents could have given me more
At o Restouront
freedom. l. Waiter: What did you think of your lunch?
2. My parents could have spent more time with

Diner: The sandwich was good but my
me.
soup could have been hotter.
3. My parents could have loved me more.

2. Diner l: This can't be our bill.The waiter
had to have made a mistake.
Agree or Disogree Diner 2: I know.We didn't order all this
I
I
4. I could have helped my parents more. food.
Tapescript t63
!
3. Diner l: I wonder what's taking our food so 3. M: What time does the plane arrive?
longl W: lt should have arrived an hour ago.
Diner 2: They might have lost our order. What does the woman mean?
Shall I checkf
Diner l: No, I'm sure they didn't.
4. M: Can't you find your wallet?
4. Diner l: What's the matter?

W: I may have left it at home.
Diner We had great service, and you

2: What does the woman mean?
tipped only l0 percent.You should 5. W: Should the phone ring, let the answering
have left more. machine pick it up.
Diner l: You're right. l'll go put more on the M: No problem.
table.
What does the woman imply?
Erercise 9
l. Should it rain . . .
2. Should there be heavy traffic ... vvv vvvvvvvvv

3. Should you get sick . . .
CIIAPTER ll: SPECIAL ASPECTS 0F
Erercise l0 IlrToilATtoil AilD STRESS
l. Hadlgl million,lwould... PREVIEW
2. Had I been more careful, I wouldn't have . . .
l' After you're done swimming, hang up your
3. Had my computer been working, I would have
wet SUIT. (Note: emphasis on "suit")
2. lsn't this great. (Note: sarcastic tone)
3. Hasn't she grown!
CIIAPTER REUIEW
Erercise I
Erercise ll Mondoy Morning ot the Office
Med. School Regrets / | should have studied l. Your weekend was good?
harder / | would have passed the tesr. / | really should 2. No sleep last night.
have concentrated /And tried to do my best / Instead I
3. Everything's OK?
hung out with my friends /And partied with a nurse. /
Now l'll have to pay the price / 'Cause my grades've
4. Ready to begin?
never been worse. 5. You're set to go?
TEST YOURSEIF I Erercise 2

Working on o Project
l. What should I have donel l. Two hours isnt enough.
2. Could you have come any earlier? 2. We'll be ready by the end of the week?
3. Should it be sunny tomorrow, what do you
3. Let! meet, say at about 8:00?
want to do?
4. You'll be late tomorrow.
4. Might they be on vacation?
5. lt's a big problem.
5. How could he have done thatl
6. You're feeling frustrated?
TEST VoURSETF 2 lToErt Erercise 3

PRACTT CEI Leoving for oTrip
l. M: Janet and Joe must not have understood L You'll call when you get there, won't youl
our directions. (Note: rising intonation)
W: That's probably why they got lost. You've got your ticket, don't you? (Note: rising
intonation)
3. The newspaper's been canceled, hasn't it?
2. Y,l: Where was Mary? (Note: falling intonation)
M: She must have been at home with a cold.
4. The shuttle to the airport is late, isnt it?
What does the man mean? (Note: rising intonation)
164 ( Tapescript
5. You stopped the mail, didnt youl (Note:falling Didnt I already tell you?
intonation) DIDN'T I already tell you?
5. Who would say that?
Erercise 4 Who would SAYTHAT?
l. a. He's in the LIBRARY? (Note: emphasis on lsnt that too bad?
words in capital leaers) ISN'TTHATTOO BAD.
b. HE'S in the library?
2. a. I'M against that idea. CIIAPTER REUIEW
b. I'm againstTHAT idea.
3. a.
b.
YOU should see what he did.
You should see what HE did. Erercise I
c. You should SEE what he did. (Note: The first wvo sentences should be spoken
4. a. That can be FINISHED in a day. more slowly, with fallinS intonation, and with the
b. That can be finished in a DAY. function words stressed.)
c. THAT can be finished in a daY. Fianc6 Fight /You think I didn't hear you, huhl /
5. a. We askedWHEN he could come. You think I didn't know? / | knew all about your plan / |
b. WE asked when he could come. lust didn't tell you, though. /You thought you had a
c. We ASKED when he could come. secret./You thought ld never find out./Well now I've
got to tell you /That our wedding may be in doubt.
d. We asked when he could COME.
Erercise 5 TEST YOURSEIF I

L a. Winning will be a LONG shot. (Note: l. You settled it, didnt you? (Note: uncertain
emphasis on words in capital letters) tone)
b. That certainly was a long SHOT. 2. Havent you done enough? (Note: sarcastic
2. a. You should rinse off your wet SUIT. tone)
b. You should rinse off yourWET suit. 3. You wereWHERE last night? (Note: emphasis
3. a. That! a high LIGHT up there. on "where")
b. That's the HlGHlight of my week. 4. This is fun, is itl
4. a. They live in theWH|TE house. 5. lt sounds really cheap, doesn't itl (Note: certain
b. They live in the white HOUSE. tone)
5. a. I only read HARDcovers. 6. I should do this work? (Note: emphasis on "1")
b. That was a hard COVER to design. 7. What! with youl (Note: sarcastic tone)
8. How can John be so careless?
Erercise 6 9. You call THAT good work? (Note: emphasis on
l. Did she act weird? "that")
2. How ugly! 10. Cant you do anything right? (Note: sarcastic
3. Did we have fun! tone)
4. ls this a hard test?
5. Will it be boring! TEST VOURSEIF 2
6. Does it look old! l. M: Wont this lecture ever be overl
7. ls that a good picturel W: I think it lasts another hour.
8. Did I eat a lot! What does the man suggest about the talk?
Erercise 7 2. M: I talk too much, do ll

W: That's what he said.
l. ls THAT a good reasonl (Note: emphasis on
words in capital letters) What does the man mean?
ls that a good reason? 3. M: How does your company like the new
2. Can't you think of anything betterl high rise?
Cant you think of ANYTHING better? W: The space is very nice.
3. ls THAT the ONLY way to do it? What are the two people discussing?
ls that the only way to do it?
Tapescripl
4. W: I don't think you want that one. I l. W: How did Tom do in the interview?
M: What do you know? (Note: sarcastic M: Well, he thinks he talked too much.
tone) What does the woman ask?
What does the man imply?
12. W: When's the assignment duel
5. W: I got SIX weeks offl (Note: emphasis on M: I believe the day after tomorrow.
"six") What does the woman ask?
M: A lot of people would love to be in your
shoes.
13. M: Are they going to pay our way?
W: I hope so.After all, they invited us.
What can be concluded about the woman?
What does the man want to know?
14. M: Care for an after dinner drinkl
,r,:i. 1.. - ,
vvvvvvvvvvvv .:, ,.
::i
W:
I
lt's getting pretty late.

What does the man ask?
CIIAPTER 12: T0EFL PRACTICE I 15. W: Mind if I write a check?
Port I: Short Diologues M: Sure, no problem.
l. W: Are you done with the project yetl What does the woman want to do?
M: I have a ways to go. 16. W: I have to run down to the store.
What does the man mean? M: l'll still be here when you get back.
2. W: I can't wait for the end of the quarter. What is the woman going to do?
M: You and me both! 17. W: Should anyone else call, l'll be downstairs.
What do the two people imply? M; l'll let everyone know.
3. W: Joe's not here yet. What does the woman mean?
M: You know Joe. ltt not unusual for him to 18. W: ls the park lar awayt
be a little late. M: lt's some 50 miles from town.
What does the man say about foe? What does the man mean?
4. W: I guess we'll be on our way now. 19. W: Do you think this fax machine is a good
M: I wish it weren't so late.
deal?
What does the woman mean? M: I've never seen a lower price.
5. W: How's business been? What does the man mean?
M: Sales have never been better. 20. W: Can I use the copy machine?
What does the man mean? M: Be my guest.
6. W: I can't tell you how upset I am. What are the two people referring to?
M: lt'll all work out. 21. W: Will it be a three-story building?
What does the woman mean? M: I really couldn't say.
7. W: Thanks for helping me clean up. What does the woman ask about?
M: lt's the least I can do. 22. M: Want to go visit Bill in the hospital
What can you conclude about the man? tomorrow?
8. M: I'm too tired to study. W: Let's play it by ear.
W: Why don t you lie down for a while? What are the two people discussing?
What does the man mean? 23. W: That test was pretty short.
9. W: More than half the class failed. M: That's easy for you to say.
M: That's not usual. is itl What does the man imply?
What does the woman mean? 24. W: Look at Sue's baby.
10. W: Sorry I'm late. I got stuck in a traffic jam. M: Before you know it, she'll be a year old.
M: I was beginning to wonder what What does the man mean?
happened.
25. M: Was anyone else around?
does the man imply?
,*:"a
166 ( Tapescript
What does the man ask? probably saved more than $200 by not having
to call a repairman.
26. W: Did you take the iob?
M: That! good to know Next time I have
M: Well, I accepted, but I had to think twice
trouble, l'll call you.
about it.
What does the man mean? 3. What is the woman fixing?
27. M: Look! lt's snowing. 4. Where did the woman learn to fix things?
W: I know, and it! sticking. 5. Why did the woman help her father?

6. What did the woman say about her
refrigerator?
28. M: Did you get the contract for the new 7. What did the woman say about her father?
building?
W: lt! still too early to tell. .,'.. ,ri::. .*iil
29. W: What's George up to?
vvvvvvvvvvvv
M: I havent heard from him for a while. CIIAPTER 13: T0EFI PRACTICE ll
What does the woman want to know? Port l: Short Diologues
30. M: When are you leavingl l. W: Let's order some fast food for lunch.
W: As soon as I can get a flight out. M: I'm not sure that sounds good right now.
What does the man ask? What does the woman suggest doing?
Port ll: Casual Conversotions 2. W: When will I get that reportl

Conversotion I M: l'll do it first thing in the morning.
M: This painting is beautiful. Look at the way the What does the man mean?
light strikes the building.Who's the artist? 3. W: I ran for 45 minutes without stopping.
W: Let! look.The writing is a little hard to read, M: No wonder you're so worn out.
but it looks like "A. Johnson."
M: I've never heard of him.
W: Let me look in the brochure. Here he is. lt
4. W: ls Jack on the swim team?
says he completed this work at the age of 66.
M: Not yet.Whether he's chosen will
depend on his grades.
M: That's pretty amazing.
l. What are the two people doingl
5. M: What do you want to do for vacationl
2. What do the two people find out aboutA. W: Nothing would make me happier than a
Johnson? stay at the beach.
Conversotion 2
W: One more screw and I've iust about got this
clock fixed. 6. M: ls it only me or is this room freezing?
M: Need some help? W: I don't think the heat is working.
W: Yeah, iust hold it right there.And can you hand What does the man imply?
me the other screwdriver?
7. W: I may need to 8et in touch later.Will you
M: Where did you learn to fix things? be up after ninel
W: From my dad. He was a mechanic. M: Give me a call, however late it may be.
M: Did he repair cars?
W: No. He worked for the newsPaPer. He could
fix anything.We once took aPart a car engine 8. W: The Browns love children.
and put it back together again.With so many M: And it's apparent they want another
kids in our family, this was about the only time child.
I had alone with him, so when he asked me to What does the man mean?
help him, I iumped at the chance. Now I can
fix just about anything.
M: That must pay off.
W: Yeah, last week my refrigerator went out. I
Tapescript
9. W: Do you have any openings at 7:00? 22. W: Did you happen to remember my memo?
M: I'm afraid there's nothing available at that M: lt completely slipped my mind.
time. What are the two people discussing?
23. W: your service.
I was really pleased with
10. M: Do you have my address? M: No one cares the way we do.
W: I know it by heart. What does the man mean?
24. W: John says he's going to quit his job.
I l. W: What's your feeling about the pricel M: That'll be the day!
M: They're asking way too much for it. What does the man imply?
25. M: You look thoroughly exhausted.
12. W: Boy, this road is worse than the other W: I worked the entire day.
one.
M: I wish we hadn't turned off the highway.
26. M: Are you almost finishedl
W: lt shouldnt be long now.
13. M: I couldn't care less about finishing this What does the woman mean?
project.
27. \N: How was the test?
W: I'm not feeling very enrhusiastic either.
M: lt wasn't so hard after all.
14. M: You seem very hopeful.
W: Whatever the problem, we can manage it. 28. M: What's Bill doing?
W: He stopped to check the price.
15. W: This campus seems to have a lot of
history.
29. W: You'll probably have to work overtime
M: lt was founded only 50 years ago. this weekend.
M: l'll do whatever it takes.
16. W: Will this medicine help my coldl
M: You cant buy anything more effective.
30. W: We hate to be leaving.
M: So soon? You just got here.
17. M: Did you see your ad?
W: I can't read the small print without my Port ll: Cosuol Conyersotions
glasses. Conversation I
What are the two people referring to? M: Sue, this is Jerry.
W: Oh Jerry, hi.Your call is well timed. I just
18. W: How about dinner tomorrow nightl walked into the office,What can I help you
M: I've got a meeting; otherwise I would. with?
What does the man mean? M: I've got some bad news.The project won't be
19. W: How was your hike?
finished by Friday.
M: We got more rain than we expected. W: What seems to be the probleml
What does the man mean? M: One of our key workers,John, called in sick.
W: How long will he be out?
20. M: We'll be able to cook, won't we?
W: I believe there's a kitchen.
M: Just a few days.When he returns, we'll lust
need another | 2 to | 5 hours to finish.
What does the man ask? W; That sounds workable. Dont worry about it.
2 L W: I cant get over how long it's taking to

l. What was Sue doing before the call?
make this decision. 2. Why wont the project be finished?

M: lt's an involved process, isn't it?
;;; ( Tapescript
I
I Conyersotion 2 W: I couldnt agree with you more.

: M: I thought the test was pretty short. What does the woman mean?
r W: That's easy for you to say.You're so smart you 9. W: Have you ever met such a rude clerkl
I didn't even have to study this material. lt's just M: No. Shes about the worst.
r not fair!
i M: That's not true. I studied for it what does the woman mean?
W: How many hoursl l0' W: Wherel the meetingl
ll: Well, ir was more like a half_hour. M: lt'll be held in room 130.
r W: See! That's exactly my point! | spent four What does the man mean?
I hours reading over my notes, and I still didn't
I l. M: l,m off to my next job interview.
, feel prepared.
W: Let me know how it works our.
3. How does the woman feel about the test? What does the woman mean?
,, O. Whatdoesthewomanthinkabouttheman? 12. W: I'dbetterhurry. l'malreadyrunninglate.
M: Actually, I think you ve still got lS minutes.
Whatdoesthewomanmean?
; WW
13. M: I don't think the newspaper story about
, CIIAPTER 14: TQEFI PRACTICE lll our company wil be very positive.
W: The reporter is biased. Let her write
' Port ,.. Short Diologues what she wants.
l. W: I'm afraid the rest is sooner than r--'-
-' -" Jack
, thinks.
I M: He'splanningtotakeitinafewmonths, l 14.M: Aftertherobberynextdoor, lhadmy
believe. locks changed.
i What does the woman imply? W: You can never be too safe.
I 2. M: What do you think about this shirt with what does the woman mean?
'' I; jlil"ii;:T#,5'i;,*n".
together.
thought, they go What does the man mean?
I What does the woman mean? 16. M: Are you going to the jazzfestival?
3. M: No matter how hard I try, I don't seem W: I wouldn't miss it for the world. lt's sup-
I to improve. posed to be wonderful.

W: You lust need to be more patient. What does the woman mean?
i what does the man mean? 17. M: Did you already get something for lunchl
r 4. W: Will the appointment take long? W: Uh-uh. I'm starved.
r M: You'll be in and out in an hour. What does the woman mean?

i What does the man mean? lg. M: Would you possibly be able to fix this
t 5. M: Why arent you seeing Sam anymorel watch?
i W: We just don't have many interests in W: That shouldn't be too difficult.
, common. What does the woman mean?
r What does the woman mean? 19. M: What if it rains?
, 6. W: Didn't we see you at the park yesterday? W: Given the weather, I wouldnt be sur-
i M: lt couldn,t have been us. prised.
r What does the woman ask? What does the woman imply?
r 7. W: Did you see your sister off on her trip? 20' M: Why aren't you in classl
I M: By the time I got to the airport, the plane W: I can't get going.
had left. What can you conclude about the woman?
:

I g. V' This computer! a great buy.
i
Tapescripr ) 169
i
2l. W: What's with youl l. What can you conclude about the woman?
M: lt's pressure from work' 2. What is true about the woman's husband?
\Vhat can you conclude about the man? Conversotion 2
22. W: Whatever happened to Bob? M: What should I cook for dinner?
M: I haven't seen him in ages. W: That reminds me. I've got to run down to the
What does the man mean? store and pick up a few things before its
closed.
23. M: What on earth is that?
W: Looks pretty strange, doesnt it?
M: Want me to come along?
W: That's OK. I iust plan on running in and out. lt
What ls the couple looking at? shouldnt take more than a few minutes.
24. \N: Do you think two cartons of milk will be M: Oh, you'd better get some milk.We're iust
enough? about out.
M: Better get three to be on the safe side. W: I never remember - 2 percent or non-fat?
What does the man mean? M: Two percent. No matter how hard I try' I iust
cant seem to drink the other stuff. lt looks
25. W: I need to check if I turned off the oven.
like water.
M: Don't get up. l'll look.
W: But it's a lot better for your health.
What does the woman mean? M: What do you mean? I iust had a physical.The
26. M: Who wants seconds? doctor says I'm in great shape.You should talk.
W: I'm saving room for dessert. You still smoke!
What does the woman mean? W: All right, all right. I can see I'd better get out
of here before I get another lecture.
27. \N: Bob has offered to help with the
casserole. 3. Where is the woman going?
M: The last thing I need is another person in 4. What will she get?
the kitchen. 5. What does the man say about non-fat milkl
What does the man mean? 6. What can be inferred about the two peoplel
28. M: l'll have this ready in no time. 7. Where does this conversation take place?
W: I appreciate your effort.
29. W: Are you busy at the moment?
M: Make yourself at home.
30. W: Where can I get this framed?
M: There's an art shop down the street.
Where does the woman need to go?
Port ll: Cosual ConYersotions
Conversotion I
M: You have such a busy schedule. How do you
find time to read and do gardening?
W: Well, it helps to have a husband who's home a
lot. He does a lot of the cooking and
cleaning.
M: How did that happen?
W: He had accomplished a lot of what he wanted
to do in his iob and is now in semi-
retirement,
M: Does he get bored?
W: Not at all. He's even takint a few classes at the
university.
170 ( Tapaccript
vv\ 7\ AllsutER
': r .l:::::;{:::i
-a- -
KEY
CIIAPTER l: REDUCTI0NS Erercise 8
f . differfnt tempfrature / differfnt g{rage I
PREUI EW
differfnt bakpry
l. left picture 3. right picture 2. dnother bakfry / fnother tempprature /
2. left picture fnother gfrage
3. evfry tdrage I evgry bakfry I evgry
temPf rature
Erercise I
l. between 6. feeling Erercise 9
l. favorite vegetable / Bananas / vegetable
3. color 8. correct
2. bakery / memory / terrible
4. visit 9. even
5. believe t0. hundred Erercise l0
l. trav'ler 4. hct'ry
Erercise 2 2. 'nough 5. couns'lor
2. ,/ 6. 3. 'stead
3. ,/ 7.
4. ,/ 8. Erercise ll
Erercise 3 2. Put
t.,/ 5. ,/ 3. breath
---l-/^-u 6iil hotd[ii)
3. ,/ 8. ,/ 4. write Uoulgj prescription.
'eel
5. betterfii]three days. sive
Erercise 4
l. hundred / mistakes / correct Erercise l2
2. marriage / divorce / common I Today I
l. a I or
marrjagg! / common / believe
5. to / up / all the
2. our / over for 6. alaloflto
Erercise 5 3. to/foras/as 7. just / for
l. delicious 5. hospital
4. to / at the 8. a/atthe
3. animal 7. returning Erercise l3
4. tomorrow 8. possible l. Have you 6. Do you
2. Do you 7. Do you
Erercise 6 3. lt 8. Do you
l. avfrage 4. evf ning
4. Do you 9. Does it
2. finllly 5. 5. ls 10. Did you
t'specially
3. sep/rate
Erercise 16
Erercise 7 l. or 3. and
l. fam/ly 4. campra
2. or 4. or
2. vegftables 5. chocplate
3. Flor/da 6. bakfry
Erercise l7 5. A: Mayj speak to MlAbbot?
orlorlandlor B: I'm sorry. He's._,o1r another line. Mayj
takla message?
Erercise 18 A: No thanks.l'll cal[3gainj1, a little while.
l. Care for
2. and chocolate / For / or
3. want to / for / to / the Erercise 2
4. to / like this / in a family l. Am I 4. What's it
5. vegetables / favorite / different 2. Does it 5. ls it
6. bakery and / there's'nough 3. Aml 6. Does it
Erercise l9 Erercise 3
More to e"t I H"afiors;'ll /lGlfor morel / l. Does it 5. ls it
Here's some lglocolatej/ From a gourmet store. / 2. ls it 6. Does it
You're on a diet? / This dessert's sugar free. / How 3. ls it 7. ls it
[6lui]ro." coffee / Or would you rather have some 4. Does it 8. Does it
tea?
Erercise 4
Erercise 20 | . Understanding fust tal(js;lmostjmpossible
l. What's your for me.
7. Which do you like better: semi-sweetFildark
Gh.."l"at 2. Linked wordyound strange.
3. o" y"yq"r"r your coffee black6-i)with 3. I understand.,everything my classmatelsay.
creamland lsugar?
4. I wango spea[rs fasgs native speakers.
4. What foods do you like to buy in "6"t"ti)t 5. Linking willjet moajrnderstand native
5. What's you.6uo.i.!)dessertl
speakers better.
TEST YOURSETF
Erercise 5
l. a 3.a 5.b
Answering Mochine Messoge
2.a 4.a
Hi,Jack. I'm sorry, butrl have to work latltonight.
l'll comlayooXasj'm done. Bu1!'m not sure.,about
vvvvvvvvvvvv the time. lt mighltake me.,until 10._,or | | to finish. See
CHAPTER 2: lllTRODUCTl0ll T0 yoqjlr a while.

UilKilo
Erercise 6
PREUI EW
Yoice Moil Recording
l. right picture 3. left picture
2. left picture
You have reached the officlof ToqMoore,
Departmenlof Engi neeri ng. I'nlaway from;ny desk
Ereroise I right now.,,or witLr a student. My.roffice hours;re from
.
| I'm workin6or5anothelEnglish;tssignment.
one to two, Mondays,Wednesdayland Fridays. Please
2. Havla seat.We're lusybout to starljr video.
leavaa message,randj'll get back to yorlasJoon.pj can.
3. I'm waiting fo1;a friend touarrive.
4. I havlan appointmengleleven, so.rl need to
leavlila minute.
Ereroise ?
that test / think | / class is / come on / because I
172 ( Answer Key

Erercise 8 Erercise 3
there any eggs / them all / make an / leftover rice l. WhatIJ is the most common last nametJin the
and /Any other ideas Uniged States?
2. What aboutI'Jin the worldl
t
Erercise 9
3. Whag animal lives the longest?
TJ
Time to Eat /The soup'Lon the table /The
4. Beethoven had.ra handicap.ror disability.
meat's getting cold /The coffee's just been poured /
What wasUit?
And the cookjs getting bored! / Come this instant,
5. WhatIJIUis the deepest lake in rhe world?
come right now. / Sit down at the table / Or the cook
Where(JistJ it?
will have a cow.
Erercise 4
Erercise l0 l. do you 4. do you
The address is: l6 3rd Ave 2. are you 5. do you
3. do you 6. are you
TEST YOURSEI.F I
Lc 3.a 5.a Erercise 5
2.c 4.b l. Wait'll / Cut it out
2. bought it/get it /At a / need a / oughtto / it is
TEST YOURSETF 2
Erercise 6
l. a 3. b 5.c t. 30 3. r4,000
2.a 4. a
2. r5,000 4. 50/ 13
Erercise 7
vvvvvvvvvvvv t. t8 3. 60 5. t6
CI|APTER 3: SPECIAL S0UllD C]lAllOES

2. t3 4. 5:50
PREUI EW Erercise 8
l. left picture 3. right picture
l. denlist 4. doesnt matter
2. left picture
appoinlment 5. meglical cenler
2. enpr quietly 6. rengal car
3. mengal health
Erercise I
l. little 9. Dretty
Erercise 9
2. bottle 10. whalever
3. waler l. left picture 3. right picture
il. righg away
2. right picture
4. Seattle t2.
4. left picture
hog or cold
5. better t3. wai!'ll
6. Sagurday 14. go go the
Erercise l0
7. ieliot t5. cu! i! out l. senlence 5. ce4ain
8. no! a! all 2. mounlain 6. written
3. carlon of milk 7. something
Erercise 2 4. cotton shirt 8. gotten
l. for today I not at all

2. go to the / right away
3. water hot or cold / Hot is
4. waiting on / try to
-;,
Answer Key ;
Erercise ll want to scream. / | know I'm 6u[i)shape / I need to
diet, too. / But Gant'll find tome foods to eat / That
l. something 3. lighten
don't leave me feeling so blue?
2. Happening / 4. fountain /
waiting eaf,en
TEST VOURSEIF I
Erercise 13 l. a 3.b 5.c
l. can we 5. Can I
2.a 4.b
2. Can I 6. Can't you
3. Can't 7. can TEST YOURSETT 2
4. can l. c 3. c 5.b
2. b 4. a
Erercise 14
l. sick gf work / sick of school
2. a waste of money / a waste of time / a waste
of energy vvvvvvvvvvvv
3. out of shape / out of state / out of work / out
CIIAPTER 4: SltEtlT h
of date / out of this world
4. a little of this / a liale of that PREVI EW
Erercise l5 l. right picture
l. out of town 2. left picture
2. out of shape 3. left picture
3. out of the country Erercise I

4. out of work
l. DidtJhis . . . manager leave? / sister comel
Erercise 16 2. DoesTJhe .. . speak English? / work long hours?
l. out of this / little of 3. What's(Jhis . .. name?
2. out of money / out of state / all of this
3. tired of / out of 4. What does(Jhe . . . want?
5. lsawIJhim...at home./yesterday.
Erercise l7
2./ Erercise 2
3. ,/
5. ,/ l. lthas
IJ
been...fun./ a problem.
2. The teachertJhaqtJhad . . . fun. / time. / a problem.
Erercise l8 3. My parents have said ..."yesJ'
l. I'm tired of learning English. (o)
2. Listening is the hardest skill of all for me. (uv) 4. We(Jhad seentJhis . . . father.
3. lt! hard to think of answers quickly in English' 5. lhad.
UtJ
had...fun./ time./ a problem.
(uv)
4. lt takes a lot of effort for adults to learn
languages. (uv) Erercise 3
l. hes 4. His
Erercise l9 2. have him 5. he's
out of / out of / kind of / of 3. his/he's 6. His
Erercise 20
Diet Blues / | eat cake / and lGiilleat ice
cream. / This food around me / Makes me
tt4 ( Answer Key

l. I would like to meet him. l. him 3. them
2. I think he's the best actor in the world.
2. them 4. Him
There.ris something special about his sryle of

3.
Erercise l4
acting. Nffuy on the Block /What$ t"Jtit"l I
4. He doesn't seem to have any serious faults. Whatfs neltitce to do? /What[']hilliob)iel me
something new. /G hdshXG nulqri"t, f Ot@""t r,lJ
5. I really.radmire him.
like to talk? /Tell me more-abouG trrm'llfC"i* h"t-ltn"
new guy / On the block.
Erercise 5
l. Did he 5. Does he TEST YOURSEIF I
2. Did he 6. Did he t. b 3.c 5.a
3. Does he 7. Does he 2.b 4.a
4. Did he 8. Does he
Erercise 6
TEST YoURSETF 2 (T0EFI
PRACTtCEI
l. c 3.a 5.a
Erercise 7 2.b 4.b
l. False
2. True
Erercise 8
vvvvvvvvvvw
His / think he / ls he/ does he / of him CIIAPTER 5: ADUAIICED !lNf lNe
Erercise 9 PREVI EW
l. Have I explained
2. Have you understood l. right picture 3. left picture
3. Have you got 2. left picture
4. Has it gotten
Erercise I
| . seat belts 6. did.rthey
Erercise l0 IJ
l. to her 4. 2. at(Jthis 7. whalday

having / having
2. herself / but / had 3. meet me TJ
8. might be
her / her 5. had / he 4. needUmore 9. give.rme
3. hes
5. about(Jthat 10. get there
Erercise ll
l. Does he 4. Does he Erercise 2
2. ls he 5. ls he l. At this time, I'm working too hard.
3. Does he 2. I need more excitemeniln my life.
3. lt mighlbe better if I had less homework.
Erercise l2
4. I need.,to meet more English-speaking people.
l. man 4. man
2. man 5. woman
5. lt's important for me to have more time each
3. woman 6. woman day to sit down and relax.
Answer Key ) lls

l. want for / Let me / not reallY Rainy Day / lt started to rain / lt started.,to pour. /
2. at that / last thing The weather looked.rnasty / Still I headed.,out the

3. got the / But really / not surprised
4. put these / back seat would be door. / I hurried for the city bus / And missed.rthe last
one. / So I sat down in the pouring rain / And

Erercise 4 waited for the sun.
l. a 3. b 5. c
2.c4.a
TEST VOURSEIF I
Eretcise 5 l. c 3.b 5.a
l. arrived 4. postponed 2.b 4.c
2. passed 5. asks
3. pass TEST Y0URSELF 2 lToEFt
PRACTICEI
Erercise 6
l. a 4. a 7. b t. b 3.c 5b
2.a 5. b 8.a 2.b 4.d
3.b 6. b
.41,,
Erercise 7 wvvvvvvv
|. arriving 4. depart
5. CIIAPTER 6: F0CUS Otl tull0TlOll
2. arrived canceled
3. checked WORDS
PREUI EW
Erercise 8
l. left picture
A: What was / Did something 2. right picture
B: Not that / iust got / did hear / asked for 3. left picture
A: surprised because / seemed so
Erercise I
Erercise 9
l. False
l. whatGFGnumber-one-selling drinktffil)
worldl
2. False 2. wtrat@-e)bikini bathing suit namedGGi)?
3. True 3. How many bon"t@ffiadult have?
l0 4. wrrat @o) io.toru i,ffi-u' hea|thiest age
G6-61
Erercise
[toJbel
l. a 3. a 5.c
2. b 4.d Erercise 2
L does / his
Erercise ll 2. did/offina
l. sh 3. sh s.i 3. the / of the
2. zh 4. zh 4. did the / on its
5. wasn't the / of the
Erercise 12
L When's your / How did You
2. What are you
3. Would you / but You
: yi":::::":1t:::fl':
176 ( Answer Key
Erercise 3 Erercise ll
l. Are these on 4. these on A: Are / to the / this
2. this in a 5. does the B: it / a
3. that one in 6. the / for this A: from / to
B: is a bit / in the
Efgf0ise 4 A: Thatt / a tot of
l. it 3. it 5. that B: do those at
2. | 4. that A: but I
B: in an
Erercise 5
l. a 4. a -7. a TEST YOURSEIF
' I
2. an 5. an 8. an t. b 3.c 5.b
3.a 6. an 2.a 4.a
Erercise 6 TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFL
l. right picture PRACTTCEI
2. left picture
3. left picture l. c 3.c 5.a
2. b 4.b
Erercise 7
The Origin of the Word OK
to tellyou about the origin of the word
lU like V V V V V VVVVVVV
"OKl' In there was a group of men that wanted
1840,
, to re-elect MartinVan Buren as President of the U.S. CIIAPTER 7: C0llTRACTl0tlS
: formed a club called the OK Democratic Club.
lhey PREVIEW
They chose the name O.K., becauseVan Buren was
' from a town called Kinderhook, NewYork, and his l. right picture
, nickname was "Old Kinderhook." So his initials were 2. left picture
"OKl'That was also the password for the club. Soon, 3. left picture
"OKJ' began to be used to mean "all rightJ' Now it is
il expression that is used around the world. Erercise 2
i
l.
, Erercise 8 2.
aren't
is
4.
5.
should
can
l. or 3. are 5. Our 3. want 6. does
2. are 4. our 6. or
Erercise 3
' Erercise 9 | . isn't 4. isn't
l. Our I or I our 2. isn't 5. doesnt
2. or 3. doesn't 6. doesn't
3. are / Our I Our I our / or I our I are
Erercise 4
Erercise l0 l. couldnt / won't be / want to / could / can
Travef Dreams / I've been there and done that I 2. isnt / wont I cant ldidnt / want / Didnt /
Saw those and heard that. / | d like to travel / To places don't
' unknown / Maybe with friends / Maybe alone. / But not
in a plane / Nor even !y car / I'd just like to walk / To
places afar.
Answer Key
Eretcise 6 Erercise l5
l. She'll 5. I'm / we're l. does 4. is
2. he'll 6. we'll 2. is 5. has
3. l'll 7. You're 3. is
4. they'll
Erercise 16
Erercise 8 fever has /What have you / husband has been /
l. How did 4. What would days have / this is /We will
2. How have 5. When will
3. How have 6. What will Erercise l?
t. ,/
Erercise 9 4. ,/
l. What will you 5. ,/
2. How did you
3. How have they Erercise l8
4. When will they l. had 4. would
5. What have you 2. will 5. will

6. Where will they 3. would 6. had
l. What will 4. What have l. That would be 4. lt will just take
7. Where will 5. How have 2. it would be 5. lt had
3. How will 3. That would be
Erercise ll C]IAPTER REVIEW

t. ,/ 6. ,/
4. ,/ 7. ,/
Erercise 20
5. ,/ 8. ,/
Blind Date / Where's she live? / What's she dol /
What's she likel / Hey, give me a clue! / When'll I meet
Erercise l2 herl / How'll she be? / What'll I tell her about myselfl /
l. teller'll 4. When'll/ lt'll How'll she feel about me?
2. there'll 5. check'll /
3. bank'll you'll Erercise 2l
V{eother RePort
Erercise l3 The weather will be looking better as the week
l. husband'll take goes on.Today, we are looking at more rain but by
tomorrow things will start to warm up. Look for
2. children'll get
highs only in the 40s tonight but highs will get up in
3. boss'll give the 70s tomorrow. Rain will decrease, and we will
4. company'll be see some sunshine later in the day. That will continue
5. friend'll finally get through Thursday.Then, you will want to take your
6. roommate'll visit umbrella on Friday because the rain will be back.
Erercise l4 TEST YOURSEIT I

l. is 4. does
5.a
2. is 5. does
l. a 3.c
3. does
2.b 4.a
178 ( Answer Key

TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFL Erercise ?
PRACTICEI l. comfortabte 4. convenient
l. b 3. c 5. b 2' regular 5' unclear
2. d 4. a 3. skilled
: .
Erercise 8
, .,.1," ,. .., ... ..
l. incomplete 4. unimportant
2. logical 5. unfair
CIIAPTER 8: EIIDINGS AllD 3. common
BEGmlililCS
Erercise 9
PREUTEW l. informal 4. an
l. right picture 2. indirectly unimportant
2. left picture 3. unmanageable 5. incomplete
3. right picture
,
ElelGlsg I
. - Erelcisel0
r. cheaper 4. shorter
l. yes 3. yes 5. no z. biggest 5. pretty
2. no 4. ),es 3. late
Erercise 2 Erercise ll
l' is 4. is 7' is l. quickest 4. fast
2' is 5. 's 8. it 2. longer 5. simpler
3' es 6' 's 3. hard
Exercise 3 Erercise 12
l. faxes 4. drive's l. prettier 4. cure
t 2. computer's 5. E-mail's 2. great 5. quicker
' 3. Tim's 6. offices 3. happier b. quickest
Erercise 4
I CIIAPTER REUIEW
l. got 6. take
t 2. gotcen 7. taken
3. spoken 8. ear Erercise 13
t {. drive 9. eaten Jewelry Sale / Watches, earring5 / Necklaces.rand
' 5' driven | 0' eat

ringg. / | never thought an expensive store /
Woulddiscount so many things./The prices.rare
i EfefCiSe 5 as
l. clouding 4. curly low.ras can be / but the quality,risnt cheap. / lU.rlove to

2' rainy 5. snowy spend.,all my money here / But then ld never sleep!
t. sleeping
,
Erercise 6
TEST VOURSEIF I
' l. swollen 4. classified l. b 3. c 5. b
2. inviting 5. risky 2. a 4. a
3. puzzled
Answer Key
TEST Y0URSEIF 2 (T0EFL Erercise 5
PRACTICEI l. left picture
2. left picture
t. b 3. b 5.d
3. right picture
2.c 4. b
Erercise 6
"'*;:."di$,, .*r.'.. r-,' t. b 5.a
vvwvvvvvvvv
,: .:
2.b
CIIAPTER 9: GRA]IIIUIAR CIIATIENGES I
Erercise 7
PREUI EW l. a 4.a 7. a
2.b 5.a 8.b
l. right picture
6.b
2. left picture
3.a
3. left picture
Eretcise I
Erercise I l. a 4.a 7. a
l. I gave you homework, didn'l l? /Yes 2.b 5.b 8.a
2. We were on Page 10, weren'l we? / Yes 3.b 6.a
3. You didn'l finish it, did You? i No
4. You have a question, donl you? /Yes. Erercise 9
5. This is hard, isn'l it? /Yes Answers will vorY.
6. This isn'l hard, is it? / No
7. lt was a lot of work, wasnl it? / Yes Erercise l0
8. You worked really hard, didn'l youl /Yes L Are you lecturing Sue?
2. Whos helping, Kim?
Eretcise 2 3. lt's fun to visit Jim.
l. are you? / No 4. Why did you watch, Dan?
2. isnt it? /Yes 5. Did you hear, NancY?
3. doesn't itl /Yes
4. aren't you? /Yes Eretcise ll
5. wont youl /Yes l. a a 5.b
6. arent you? /Yes 2.b a
Erercise 3 Eretcise 12
l. Yes 4. No 7. No l. a 3. b 5.a
2. Yes 5. Yes 8. No 2.b 4.a
3. Yes 6. No
CIIAPTER REUIEW
Erercise 4
l. are you? / No
Eretcise l3
2. will you? / No
3. have youl / No What a Deal? / The price has never been lower
you say / "All the other shops are so high." /You tell
4. aren't youf /Yes
me I couldn't be luckier / And find a better buy. / I've
5. don't you? /Yes shopped a lot around the town / And found a cheaper
6. didnt you? /Yes one / So you'd better match my offer right now / Or
the business we're doing is done.
180 ( Answer Key

TEST YOURSELF I Erercise 8
l. c 3.a 5.b l. could have been
2.c 4.a 2. had to have made
3. might have lost
TEST Y0URSEIF 2 (T0EF|, 4. should have left
PRACTtCEI Erercise 9
r. b 3.c 5.a | . (Should it rain, Answers will vory.
)
2.a 4.b 2. (Should there be heovy troffic,)
Answers will vory.
,& .#". .'il;i 3. (Should you get sk( ) Answers will vory.
fzvw 'S.i. itjir,. u;.[,,
"n1fu"
**#.r"."i'iiib .ri"&,r. *.4p,,...SU
Erercise l0
CHAPTER l0: 0RAttlilAR CllAtLEtlOES ll l. (Hod lgl million,l would)
Answers will vary.
PREUI EW 2. (Hod I been more coreful, I wouldn't hove )
l. right picture Answers will vory.
2. left picture 3. (Hod my computer been working, t woutd hove \

Answers will vory.
3. right picture
Erercise I CIIAPTER REVIEW

l. No 3. No
2. No 4. Yes Erercise ll
Med. School Regrets / | should have studied
Erercise 2 harder / | would have passed the test. | | really should
l. No 3. No have concentrated /And tried to do my best / Instead I
2. No 4. No hung out with my friends /And partied with a nurse. /

Now l'll have to pay the price /'Cause my
grades've never been worse.
Erercise 4
Answers will vory.
TEST YOURSEIF I
Erercise 5 t. b 3.b 5.a
l. yes 4. yes 7. yes
2.a 4.b
2. no 5. yes 8. no
3. no 6. yes TEST Y0URSELF 2 (T0EFL
PRACTT CEI
Erercise 6
t. b 3.b 5.c
l. could I have 7.a 4.d
2. might I have been
3. should I have
4. Could I have
5. Would it have
Erercise 7
l. must have left
2. could have been
3. should have bought
4. may have left
Answer Key
Erercise 7
All sentences with stressed words are sarcastic'
CIIAPIER ll: SPECIAL ASPECTS 0F CIIAPTER REVIEW

IilTollATloll AtlD STRESS
PREUI EW Erercise 8
The first two sentences will be spoken more
l. right picture
slowly, with falling intonation' and with the function
2. left picture
words stressed.
3. left picture
TEST YOURSEIF I
Eretcise I
l. Your weekend was good? t. b 5.a9.a
2. No sleep last night. 2.b 6. b 10. c
3. Everything's OK? 3.b 7. c

4. Ready to begin? 4.a 8.b
5. You're set to go?
TEST Y0URSELF 2 lroEFt
Eretcise 2 PRACTI CEI
l. statement 4. statement
5.v
2. question 5. statement
l. d b
3. question 6. question
2.d c
Erercise 3
l. uncertain 4. uncertain wvvvvvvvvvv
2. uncertain 5. certain
CIIAPTER 12: I0EFL PRACTICE I
3. certain
Port l: Short Diologues
l. a ll. a 2t. d
Erercise 4 2.a 12. b 22. d
l. a. He's in the libraryl 3.d r3. b 23. a
b. He's in the librarY? 4.b 14. c 24. a
2. a. I'm against that idea. t5. d 25. c
b. I'm against that idea. 5.b
3. a. You should see what he did. 5.c t6. b 26. b
b. You should see what he did' 7. b 17. c 27. a
c. You should see what he did. 8.a 18. a 28. b
4. a. That can be finished in a daY. 9.c 19. a 29. c
b. That can be finished in a day. t0. d 20. c 30. a
c. That can be finished in a daY.
5. a. We asked when he could come. Port ll: Cosuol ConYersotions
b. We asked when he could come. Conversotion I
c. We asked when he could come. l. d
d. We asked when he could come. 2.c
Conversation 2
Erercise 6 5.b 7. d
l. b 4.b 7. v 3. a
5.a 8.b 4. d 6.c

2.a
3.b 6.a
( Answer Key
#.k x&*..*:&x.***.-*fv"u."eft!r,.
"l$l. .**il,",#.h,**" *Sio',ii**
CHAPTER 13: T0EFL PRACTICE ll

Port l: Short Diologues
l. a ll. a 21. a
2.b 12. c 22. c
3.a 13. a 23, a
4.d 14, c 24. d
5.b 15. c 25. a
6.c t6. d 26. b
7.b t7. d 27. b
8.d 18. c 28. d
9.b t9. b 29. a
10. c 20. c 30. c
Port ll: Cosuol Conyersotions
Conversotion I
t. b
2.c
Conversotion 2
3.c
4.b
,iir.. ,':l:;
vvvvvvvvvvw ,,i':.,,.,,i',i,,.,,'.',,1r, .r.;:,:, ,:i:,ir,r,. .tiii,:r,. .,ri,, ",i.li!i, .,.lil. ,li'.r
CIIAPTER 14: T0EFL PRACTICE lll

Port I: Short Diologues
t. d il.b 21. b
2.b t2. b 22. a
3.b 13. a 23. a
4.c 14. a 24. c
5.c t5. d 25. d
6.b 16. b 26. a
7.c t7. b 27, b
8.d t8. b 78. b
9.a f9. a 29. c
t0. d 20. c 30. b
Part, ll: Casual Conyersotions
Conversation I
Ld
2.d
Conversotion 2
3.c 5.b 7. d
4.b6.c
Answer Key
I
t,
,l
l
lL
I
I
I\BN !-l,l-nEIltr-:
ll||illlllllllllllilllilll tlir[rirr[rl
" 780 30il8 136191
9 il 1

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J

A Bosis f o r Lis te nrr|g

Editorial Director: Allen Ascher

O 2000 by PEARSON EDUCAIION.

All rightsreserved. No part of this book may be

Chapter 3 Special Sound Changes 23

Chapter 5 Advanced Linking 49

Chapter 5 Focus on Function Words 59

Chapter 8 Endings and Beginnings 83

PffiI,,1! Aduanced lisrening

Chapter l0 Grammar Challenges ll t05

Chapter | | SpecialAspects of Intonation and Stress I t5

Chapter l2 TOEFL Practice I t25

Chapter t3 TOEFL Practice ll l3l

Key Fealures in lhe Second Edition

syllable stress. English has stressed and unstressed

2. A: ls marri{ge or divorce more common in your countryl

(d) probably fpro'blql

(g) remember I'memberl

(h) exactly I'xactlql

l. different temperature 2. another bakery 3. every garage

different garage another temperature every bakery

different bakery another 8ara8e every temPerature

A: That's not a .That's a fruit!

2. A: Did you go to the I

Example: mathematics [moth'motics]

Words as well as syllables are reduced. Impoftant words are

Exomple: Where (.1D (i) hurtl

l. I thought we would watch movie video.

2. We are having neighbors dinner.

3. lwant-sleep long possible.

4. ld like go hiking or camP beach.

Check your answers. -

6. I have list mile long things do!

7. I've got to get- ready a math exam.

(a) Do you care for a drink? I'carel

(b) | beg your pardon? l'besl

Hove vou sot some extra?

know much about itl

'member the answer?

something the matter?

care for another onel

mind if I sit here?

want to join us?

matter much if I go?

sleep too long?

At the Post Office

B: Cash.Wait. I mean check.

A: One the other is O.K.

B: Here you are.

4. A: Where did you learn cook

5. A: Why aren't you eating-your ? | thought these were your

B: They taste kind of

would rather: Prefer

Your Turn: Food Preferences

l. What's your favorite vegetablel

Listen to each question and choose the best response.

l. a. Sure, have a seat.

4. a. I think l'll work out in the gym instead.

5. A: May I speak to Mr.Abbot?

t. going too fastl

About the Weother

Check your answers.

s aS itn' Ai rs q-l 49 r- t-:t - -.:8' .,