Unit V Laplace Transform Part - A: Problem 1 Solution

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Unit. 5 Laplace Transform
UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Part – A
Problem 1 State the conditions under which Laplace transform of f  t  exists

Solution:
(i) f  t  must be piecewise continuous in the given closed interval  a, b  where a  0 and
(ii) f  t  should be of exponential order.
Problem 2 Find (i) L t 3/ 2  (ii) L e at cos bt 

Solution:
(i) We know that
  n  1
L t n  
s n 1
3  3 3
   1  
L t n / 3    3  
2 2 2
5/ 2
   n  1  n  n  
1 s
s2
3 1 
   1
2 2 

s5 / 2
3 1 1
.  
2 2 2

S 5/ 2
3 
 5/ 2  1/ 2    
4s
ii)
L e  at cos bt    L  cos bt   s s  a
 s 
 2
 s  b  s  s  a
2
 sa 
 
  s  a   b 
2 2
Problem 3 Find L sin 8t cos 4t  cos3 4t  5

Solution:
L sin 8t cos 4t  cos3 4t  5  L sin 8t cos 4t   L cos3 4t   L 5
 sin12t  sin 4t   sin( A  B)  sin( A  B) 
L sin 8t  cos 4t   L    sin A cos B  
 2 2
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1

2
L sin12t   L  sin 4t 
1  12 4 
  2  2 
2  s  144 s  16 
 cos12t  3cos 4t   cos 3  3cos  
L cos3 4t   L    cos3   
 4  4
 L  cos12t   3L  cos 4t 
1
4
1 s 3s 
  2  2
4  s  144 s  16 
1 5
L 5  5L 1  5    .
s s
1  12 4  1 s 3s  5
L sin 8t cos 4t  cos3 4t  5   2  2   2  2  .
2  s  144 s  16  4  s  144 s  16  s
0 ; when 0  t  2
Problem 4 Find L  f (t ) where f  t    .
3 ; when t2
Solution:

W.K.T L  f  t     e  st f  t  dt
0
2 
 e  st
f  t  dt   e  st f  t  dt
0 2
2 
  e  st 0.dt   e  st 3dt
0 2
 
 e st 
 3 e dt  3 
 st

2  s 2
 e  e 2 s  3e 2 s
 3  s .
 s 
Problem 5 If L  f  t   F  s  show that L  f  at   F   .

1 s
a a
(OR)
State and prove change of scale property.
Solution:

W.K.T L  f  t    e  st f  t  dt
0

L  f  at    e  st f  at  dt
0
Put at  x when t  0 , x  0
adt  dx when t   , x  
  x
 s 
L  f  at    e
dx
a
f  x
0
a
 s
1  t
  e  a  f  t  dt  x is a dummy variable 
a0
1 s
 F  .
a a
cos at
Problem 6 Does Laplace transform of exist? Justify
t
Solution:

1  f (t ) 
If L  f (t )  F ( s ) and f (t ) has a limit as t  0 then L     F  s  ds .
t  t  S
cos at 1
Here tLim
0  
t 0
 cos at 
L   does not exist.
 t 

Problem 7 Using Laplace transform evaluate  te 3t sin 2t dt
0
Solution:

W.K.T L  f  t    e st f  t  dt
0

  e3t t sin 2t dt  L  t sin 2t   s 3
0
 d   d  2 
   L  sin 2t       2 
 ds  s 3  ds  s  4   s 3
  
  4 s  
 
   s 2  4 2 
    s 3
  
4s   12
    .
   s 2  4  
2
169
    s 3
 t sin u 
Problem 8 Find L   du 
 0
u 
Solution:
t  1
By Transform of integrals, L   f  x  dx   L  f  t 
0  s
 sin u  1  sin t  1
t 
1

1
L  du   L     L sin t  ds   2 ds
0 u  s  t  ss s s s 1
1  1  
  tan 1 s     tan 1 s 
s s s2 
1
 cot 1 s
s
Problem 9 Find the Laplace transform of the unit step function.

Solution:
The unit step function (Heaviside’s) is defined as
0 ; t  a
U a (t )   , where a  0
1 ; t  a

W.K.T L  f (t )   e  st f (t ) dt
0

L U a (t )   e  st U a  t  dt
0
a 
  e  st  0  dt   e  st 1 dt
0 a

  e  st dt
a

 e st   e   e  as  e  as
    s
 s  a  s 
e as
Thus L U a  t  
s
1
Problem 10 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
(s  a)n
Solution:
L t n  
n!
s n 1
L  t n 1  
 n  1!
sn
 (n  1)!
L  e at t n 1    n  
 n  1!
 s  s s  a ( s  a )
n
  n  1 ! 
e  at t n1  L1  n 
 ( s  a) 
 1 
e  at t n 1   n  1 ! L1  n 
  s  a  
 1  1
 L1  n 
 e at t n 1
  s  a    n  1 !
1
Problem 11 Find the inverse Laplace Transform of
s  s  a2 
2
Solution:
1 
t
W.K.T L1  F  s     L1  F ( s )  dt
s  0
 1  t  1 
L1     L1  2 dt
 s  s  a   0  s  a 
2 2 2
 a 
t
1
  L1  2 dt
 s  a 
2
0
a
t
1
a 0
 sin at dt
t
1  cos at 
 
a  a  0
1
  2  cos at  1
a
1
 2 1  cos at  .
a
 s 
Problem 12 Find L1  
  s  2  
2
Solution:
 s  d
L1  2
 L1  sF ( s )  L1  F ( s ) 
  s  2   dt
1 n!
Where F ( s )  , L t n   n 1
 s  2
2
s
 1  1
L1  F  s    L1  2 
, L t   2
 ( s  2)  s
1
L1  F  s    e2t L1  2   e2t t
s 
 s  d 2 t
L1  2
 e t   t  2e 2t   e 2t
 ( s  2)  dt
 s  2 t
L1  2
 e 1  2t 
 ( s  2) 
 
 s2 1 .
Problem 13 Find L
  s 2  4 s  5 2 
 
Solution:
   
s  2 L  s2 
L 
1 1
 2 
  s  4s  5  
 
2
  s  2   1
2 2
  
 
s
 e 2 t L1   .......(1)
  s 2  1 2 
 
  
1  s  s
L t L  1
ds
  s  1 
2 2
s  s  1
2 2
 
du
 t L1  let u  s 2  1, du  2 sds
2u 2
t  1 
 L1  
2  u 

t 1  1 
 L  
2  s 2  12  s
t 1  1 
 L  
2  s2 1 
t
 sin t........(2)
2
Using (2) in (1)
 
s2   e 2t . t sin t  1 te 2t sin t.
L1 
  s 2  4s  5 
2
2 2
 
100
s  s  100 
2
Solution:
100 A Bs
Consider   2
s  s  100  s s  100
2
100  A  s 2  100    Bs  C  ( s)
Put s  0, 100  A 100 
A 1
s  1, 100  A(101)  B  C
B  C  1
Equating s 2 term
0  A B
 B  1
 B  C  1 i.e., 1  C  1
C0
 100  1 s 
 L1  2   L1   2
 s ( s  100)   s s  100 
1  s 
 L1    L1  2
s  s  100 
 1  cos10t
dx dy
Problem 15 Solve  2 y  cos 2t and  2 x  sin 2t given x (0)  1; y (0)  0
dy dt
Solution:
x  2 y  cos 2t
y  2 x  sin 2t given x (0)  1; y (0)  0
Taking Laplace Transform we get
s
 sL  x   x (0)   2 L  y   L cos 2t   2
s 4
s
 sL  x   2 L  y   2  1..........(1)
s 4
2
 sL  y   y (0)   2 L  x   L sin 2t   2
s 4
2
2 L  x   sL  y   2 ........(2)
s 4
1  2  s   2  gives,
2
  s2  4 L  y  
s 4
2
 2 
 y   L1  2
 s  4 
  sin 2t
dy
2 x  sin 2t 
dt
 sin 2t  2 cos 2t
1
 x  cos 2t  sin 2t
2
Part-B
t
sin t
Problem 1 Find the Laplace transform of e t  dt
0
t
Solution:
 t sin t  1  sin t 
L  dt   L  
0 t  s  t 

 sin t 
L   L  sin t  ds

 t  s

1
 ds
s
s 1
2
  tan 1 ( s ) 


  tan 1  s 
2
 co t 1  s 
 t sin t  1
L  dt   co t 1  s 
0 t  s
 t sin t   1 
L e  t  dt    co t 1  s  
 0 t  s  s  s 1
co t  s  1
1
 .
s 1

Problem 2 Find  te 2t sin 3t dt using Laplace transforms.
0
3
Solution: L  sin 3t  
s 9 2
d  1  6s
L t sin 3t     2  2
ds  s  9   s  9  2
 e  t sin 3t dt  L t sin 3t   by definition 

 st
6s

s  9
2 2

6s
i.e.,  te  st sin 3t dt 
s  9
2 2
0

12
 te
2 t
Putting s  2 we get sin 3t dt 
0
169
t
sin 5t
Problem 3 Find the Laplace transform of t  te4t cos 3t dt  dt
0
t
Solution:
 t 4 t  d  4t
t

L t  e cos 3t dt    L   e cos 3t dt 
 0  ds  0 
d 1 
    L  e 4t cos 3t   
ds  s 
d 1 
    L  cos 3t   s s  4 
ds  s 
d 1  s  
   2  
ds  s  s  9  s  s  4 
d 1 s4 

ds  s ( s  4) 2  9 


d 1  s  4 
 
ds  s ( s  8s  25) 
2
d  s4 

ds  s  8s 2  25s 
 3
  s 3  8s 2  25s  1   s  4   3s 3  16 s  25  
  
   
2
 s 3
 8 s 2
 25 s 
 3 
 s  8s 2  25s  3s 3  16s 2  25s  12 s 2  64 s  100 

   
2
 s 3
 8 s 2
 25 s 
 
 2 s 3  20 s 2  64s  100 

  s 3  8s 2  25s 2 
 
 3 
 s  10 s 2  32 s  50 
2
  s 3  8s 2  25s  2 
 

 sin 5t 
L   L  sin 5t  ds
 t  s

5
 ds
s
s  25
2

 1  s 
 5. tan 1   
 5  5  s

  s 
  tan 1   
  5  s
 s
  tan 1  
2 5
s
 co t 1  
5
 t
sin 5t   t 4 t   sin 5t 
 L t  e 4t cos 3t dt    L t  e cos 3t dt   L 
 0 t   0   t 
2  s 3  10 s 2  32 s  50  s
  cot 1  
s  8s  25s  5
3 2 2
Problem 4 Find L t 2e 2t cos 2t  .

Solution:
2
2 d
L t e cos 2t    1
 2 2t
 2
L e 2t cos 2 t 
ds
d  s 
2

 2  2  
ds  s  4  s  s  2 

d2 s  2 
  
  s  2   4  
2
ds 2
d2  s  2 
 2 2
ds  s  4s  8 
d   s  4s  8  1   s  2  2 s  4  
 2 

ds   s 2  4s  8 
2
 
10
 
d  s 2  4s  8  2s 2  4 s  4s  8 

ds   s 2  4s  8  
2
 
 
d  s 2  4s 
 
ds   s 2  4 s  8  2 
 

s 2
 4s  8   2 s  4    s 2  4s  2  s 2  4 s  8   2 s  4 
s  4s  8
2 4

s 2
 4 s  8   2s  4    s 2  4s   2s  4 
s  4s  8
2 3
2s 3  8s 2  16 s  4 s 2  16s  32  4 s3  8s 2  16 s 2  32 s

s  4s  8 
2 3
2 s 3  12s 2  32
 .
s  4s  8
2 3
Problem 5 Verify the initial and final value theorems for the function
f  t   1  e t  sin t  cos t 
Solution: Given f  t   1  e t  sin t  cos t 
L  f  t   L 1  e  t sin t  e  t cos t
 L 1  L  e  t sin t   L  e t cos t 
1 1 s 1
  
s  s  1  1  s  12  1
2
1 s2
 
s  s  12  1
Initial value theorem:
t 0 f  t   s  sF  s 
Lt Lt
LHS tLt0 1  e  t  sin t  cos t    1  1  2

RHS  sLt sF  s 
1 s2 
 Lts s   
 s  s  1  1 
2
 s 2  2s 
 sLt 1  2 
 s  2s  2 
11
 2s 2  4 s  2 
 Lts  2 
 s  2s  2 
 2  4 / s  2 / s2 
 s  
Lt
2 
2
 1 2 / s  2 / s 
LHS  RHS
Hence initial value theorem is verified.
Final value theorem:
t  f  t   s 0 sF  s 
Lt Lt
LHS tLt f  t 
tLt 1  e  t sin t  e t cos t   1  e 
 0
RHS  sLt0 sF  s 
1 1 s 1 
 Lts0 s    
 s  s  1  1  s  1  1 
2 2
 s 2  2s 
 sLt0 1   1
  s  1  1 
2
LHS  RHS
Hence final value theorem is verified.
  s 2  1 
Problem 6 Find L1 log  2   .
  s 
Solution:
1
L1  F  s     L1  F   s   .......(1)
t
 s 1
2
F  s   log  2 
 s 
log  s 2  1  log  s 2  
d
Fs 
ds
2s 2s
 2  2
s 1 s
 2s 2s 
L1  F   s    L1  2  2
 s 1 s 
 s 1
 2 L1  2  
 s 1 s 
 2  cos t  1
  s 2  1  1
L1 log  2     2  cos t  1
  s  t
12
2 1  cos t 
 .
t
s3
 s  1  s 2  2s  3
s 3 A Bs  C
Solution:   2 ....(1)
 s  1  s  2s  3 s  1 s  2s  3
2
s  3  A  s 2  2 s  3    Bs  c  s  1
Put s  1
2=2A
A=1
Equating the coefficients of s 2
0 = A+B  B = -1
Put s = 0
3 = 3A+C
C=0
s3 1 s
1    2
 s  1  s  2s  3
2
s  1 s  2s  3
1 s
 
s  1  s  12  2
1 s 1 1
  
s  1  s  1  2  s  1 2  2
2
 s 3   s  1  1  
1  1  1
L1    L  L1
   L  
  s  1  s  2 s  3 
 s  1 
  s  1  2    s  1  2 
2 2 2
 s  t 1  1 
 e  t  e t L1  2 e L  2
 s  2   s  2 
2
 e  t  e  t cos 2t  e  t sin 2t
 e  t 1  cos 2t  sin 2t  .
 s 1 
Problem 8 Find L1  s log  
  2
 s 1  
Solution:
  s 1  
L1  s log    2  f t 
  s 1 
 s 1 
 L  f  t    s log  2
 s 1 
 s log  s  1  s log  s  1  2
13
L t f  t   
d
 s log  s  1  s log  s  1  2 
ds 
 s s 
   log  s  1   log  s  1 
 s 1 s 1 
  s  1  s  s  1  s  s  1 
  log   
  s 1  s2 1 
 s 1   s  s  s  s 
2 2
 log   
 s 1   s2 1 
 s 1 2s
 log   2
 s 1  s 1
  s  1  1  s 
tf  t   L1  log    2L  2 
  s 1   s  1
  s  1 
 L1 log     2 cosh t....(1)
  s  1 
  s  1 
To find L1 log  
  s 1 
  s  1 
Let f  t   L1 log  
  s 1 
 s 1
L  f  t    log  
 s 1 
L t f  t    log  s  1  log  s  1 
d
ds
1 1 2
   2
s 1 s  1 s 1
 1 
 t f  t   2 L1  2   2sinh t
 s  1
2sinh t
f t   .....(2)
t
Using (2) in (1)
2sinh t
tf  t    2 cosh t
t
2sinh t 2 cosh t
f t   
t2 t
 sinh t  t cosh t 
 2  .

2
t
14
 
 s  1
Problem 9 Using convolution theorem find L
  s 2  a2 2 
 
Solution:
L1  F  s  G  s    L1  F  s   * L1 G  s  
 
L1 
s   L1  s  * L1  1 
  s2  a2  
2  s 2  a 2   s 2  a 2 
 
 s  1 1  a 
 L1  2 * L  2
 s  a  a  s  a 
2 2
1
 cos at* sin at
a
1
  cos at*sin at 
a
t
1
  cos a u sin a  t  u  du
a0
t
1
sin  at  au  cos a u du
a 0

1 sin  at  au  au   sin  at  au  au 
t
a 0
 du
2
t
1
sin at  sin a  t  2u   du
2a 0 

cos a  t  2u  
t
1 
  sin at  u  
2a  2 a 0
1  cos at cos at 
  t sin at  
2a  2a 2a 
t sin at
 .
2a
1
Problem 10 Find the Laplace inverse of using convolution theorem.
 s  1  s 2  9 
Solution:
L1  F  s  .G  s    L1  F  s   * L1 G  s  
 1   1 1 
L1    L1
 . 
  s  1  s  9     s  1  s  9  
2 2
15
 1  1  1 
 L1  *L  2 
  s  1    s  9  
1
 et * sin 3t
3
t
1
  e u sin 3  t  u   du
30
t
1 u
e sin  3t  3u  du
3 0

t
1 u
e  sin 3t cos 3u  cos 3t sin 3u  du
3 0

t t
1 1
 sin 3t  e u cos 3u du  cos 3t  e  u sin 3u du
3 0
3 0
t t
sin 3t  e  u  cos 3t  e u 
    cos 3u  3sin 3u       sin 3u  3cos 3u  
3  10 0 3  10 0
sin 3t  e  u 1 
    cos 3t  3sin 3t    1 
3  10 10 
sin 3t  e u 1 
    sin 3t  3cos 3t    3 
3  10 10 
 s2 
Problem 11 Find L1   using convolution theorem
  s  a  s  b  
2 2 2 2
Solution:
L1  F  s  .G  s    L1  F  s   * L1 G  s  
 s s   s  1  s 
L1  2 . 2 2
 L1  2 *L  2
s  a s b   s  a   s  b 
2 2 2
1  sin  a  b  u  bt  sin  a  b  u  bt  

t
    
2  ab a b  0
1  sin  at  bt  bt  sin  at  bt  bt  sin bt sin bt 

     
2 a b ab a b a b 
1  sin at sin at sin bt sin bt 
   
2  a  b a  b a  b a  b 
1  2a sin at 2b sin bt 
  2  2 2 
2  a  b2 a b 
16
1  2a sin at  2b sin bt 

2  a2  b2 
a sin at  b sin bt
 .
a2  b2
Problem 12 Using convolution theorem find the inverse Laplace transform of

1
.
s  a2 
2 2
Solution:
L1  F  s  .G  s    L1  F  s   * L1 G  s  
 
L 
1 1   L1  1  * L1  1 
  s2  a2  
2  s 2  a 2   s 2  a 2 
 
sin at sin at
 *
a a
t
1
 2  sin au sin a  t  u  du
a 0
t
1
cos  2au  at   cos at  du  2sin A sin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  
2a 2 0 

1  sin  2au  at 
t

 2   cos at  u 
2a  2a 0
1  sin at   sin at  
 2  t cos at   
2a  2a  2a  
1  2sin at 
 2 
 t cos at 
2a  2a 
1
 3 sin at  at cos at 
2a
Problem 13 Solve the equation y  9 y  cos 2t; y  0   1and y  / 2   1

Solution:
Given y   9 y  cos 2t
L  y   t   9 y  t    L  cos 2t 
L  y   t    9 L  y  t    L  cos 2t 
s
 s 2 L  y  t    sy  0   y   0    9 L  y  t    2
s 4
17
As y  0  is not given, it will be assumed as a constant, which will be evaluated at the

end.  y  0   A.
s
L  y  t    s 2  9   s  A 
s 42
s
L  y  t    s 2  9   s A
s 4 2
s s A
L  y  t    2  2  2 .
 s  4 s  9 s  9 s  9
2
s As  B Cs  D
Consider   2
s 2
 4  s  9 
2
s2  4 s 9
s   As  B   s 2  9    Cs  B   s 2  4 
 As 3  9 As  Bs 2  9 B  Cs 3  4  s  1 s 2  4
Equating coefficient of s 3 A + C = 0 …….(1)
2
Equating coefficient of s B + D = 0 …….(2)
Equating coefficient of s 9A+ 4C = 1 …….(3)
Equating coefficient of constant 9B +4D = 0 …….(4)
Solving (1) & (3)
4 A  4C  0
9 A  4C  1
5 A  1
1
A
5
1
C  0
5
1
C
5
Solving (2) & (4)
9B  9D  0
9 B  AD  0
D0
B  0& D  0 .
s 1 s s
 2  
 s  4  s  9 5 s  4 5  s  9
2 2 2
1 s s  s A
 L  y  t     2  2  2  2
5 s  4 s  9 s  9 s  4
1 1 A
 y  t   cos 2t  cos 3t  cos 3t  sin 3t
5 5 3
1 4 A
 cos 2t  cos 3t  sin 3t
5 5 3
18
 
Given y    1
2
1 A
1   
5 5
12
A
5
1 4 4
 y  t   cos 2t  cos 3t  sin 3t
5 5 5
d 2 y 3dy
Problem 14 Using Laplace transform solve   2 y  4 given that
dx 2 dx
y  0   2, y  0   3
Solution:
L  y   t    3L  y  t    2 L  y  t    L  4 
4
s 2 L  y  t    sy  0   y  0   3sL  y  t    3 y  0   2 L  y  t   
5
s 2
 3s  2  L  y  t    2 s  3  6 
4
s
s 2
 3s  2  L  y  t   
4
s
 2s  3
2 s 2  3s  4
L  f  t   
s  s 2  3s  2 
2 s 2  3s  4
L  f  t   
s  s  1 s  2 
2 s 2  3s  4 A B C
  
s  s  1 s  2  s s  1 s  2
2s 2  3s  4  A  s  1 s  2   Bs  s  2   Cs  s  1
Put s = 0 4 = 2A => A = 2
s=1 3   B  B  3
s2 6  2c  C  3
2 3 3
 L  y  t     
s s 1 s  2
y  t   2  3e  3e 2t
t
dx dy
Problem 15 Solve  y  sin t; x  cos t with x  2 and y  0 when t  0
dy dt
Solution:
Given x  t   y  t   sin t
19
x  t   y  t   cos t
L  x  t    L  y  t    L  sin t 
1
sL  x  t    x  0   L  y  t   
s 1
2
1
sL  x  t    L  y  t     2.........(1)
s 1
2
L  x  t    L  y  t    L  cos 2t 
1
L  x  t    sL  y  t     y  0   ....(2)
s 1
2
Solving (1) & (2)

1  s2
1  s  L  y  t   2  s 2  1
2
1  s 2  L  y  t   2s s22 11  s

2 2
2s 2  3
L  y  t    2
 s  11  s 2 
s2  3 As  B Cs  D
 2 
 s  11  s  s  1 1  s 2
2 2
s 2  3   As  B  1  s 2    Cs  D   s 2  1
Equating s 3 on both sides
0  A C put s  0
Ac 3 BD
A0 C 0
Equating s 2 on both sides
1  B  D D2
B 1
Equation son both sides 0 = A + B
 1   1 
 y  t   L1  2   2 L1  2 
 s  1  s  1
 sin t  2sinh t
To find x  t  we have x  t   y  t   cos t , x  t   cos t  y   t  , y  t   sin t  2sinh t
dy
 cos t  2 cosh t
dt
x  t   cos t  cos t  2 cosh t
 2 cosh t
Hence x  t   2 cosh t
y  t   sin t  2sinh t
20

Unit V Laplace Transform Part - A: Problem 1 Solution

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Unit V Laplace Transform Part - A: Problem 1 Solution

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Unit. 5 Laplace Transform