Lesson Exemplar 1.1 - Pol and Gov 2023

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XI
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DAVAO DEL NORTE
KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte
BUDGET OF WORK
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) Number of

Quarter Week The learner ... Content Standard Days Taught
1-2 Explain the concept, relationship and importance Demonstrate an understanding 10
of politics, governance and government. of politics and political science,
3 Differentiate the political ideologies. governance, political 5
ideologies, power, states,
4 Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and nations, and globalization. 5
consequences of power.
5 Analyze the relationship among nations and 5
states in the context of globalization.
1 6 Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and Demonstrate an 5
governance. understanding of the historical
7 Analyze the roles and powers of the executive background of Philippine 5
branch of the government. democratic politics, the
8 Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the executive, the legislative, the 5
Philippine Senate and the House of judiciary, and decentralization
Representatives. and local governance.
1-2 Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the 10
Philippine Judiciary.
3 Explain the roles and functions of Local 5
Government Unit (LGU).
4 Analyze the nature of elections and political Demonstrate an 5
parties in the Philippines. understanding of elections and
2 5-6 Explain the concept, role, and contributions of political and civil society and 10
civil society societies and social movements to social movements.
Philippine democracy.
7 Explain the importance of active citizenship. Demonstrate an 5
understanding of citizenship.
8 Explain issues and programs related to political 5
engagement and youth empowerment.
NOTES:
1. If there are two or more teachers teaching the same subject, include all the names of those who prepared.
2. For Teachers I–III, include the name of your Master Teacher as the one who checked.
Prepared:
HERRICK O. AGUSTIN
Master Teacher I
Approved:
EVELYN P. LUCAS, EdD

School Principal III

School ID: 304233 304233.kapalongnhs@deped.gov.ph
Contact No.: 09298241762 | Fb Page: Kapalong Nhs
REGION XI
Quarter Week Date
1 1
Subject PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Teacher HERRICK O. AGUSTIN
Content Demonstrate an understanding of politics and
Standard
political science, governance, political ideologies,
power, states, nations, and globalization.
Learning 1. Define the concept of politics and its various
Objectives
interpretations, such as the exercise of power,
the allocation of resources, and the resolution of
conflicts within a society.
2. Discuss the significance of politics in

establishing order and stability within societies,
ensuring the protection of individual rights and
collective well-being.
3. Explore how government structures and

institutions, such as legislatures, executives, and
judiciaries, interact with political dynamics to
shape policies and laws.

REGION XI
Region XI Grade Level 12

Teacher HERRICK O. AGUSTIN Learning Area PHIL POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Date and Quarter Modality FACE TO FACE CLASS
Time
OBJECTIVES
Content Standards Demonstrate an understanding of politics and political science, governance, political
ideologies, power, states, nations, and globalization.
Performance Standards
Most Essential Learning Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics, governance and
Competencies government.
Specific Learning Define the concept of politics and its various interpretations, such as the exercise of
Objectives power, the allocation of resources, and the resolution of conflicts within a society.
Discuss the significance of politics in establishing order and stability within societies,
ensuring the protection of individual rights and collective well-being.
Explore how government structures and institutions, such as legislatures, executives, and
judiciaries, interact with political dynamics to shape policies and laws.
Content Attached Lecture Note #1

LEARNING RESOURCES
References
Self Learning Module
Textbook
Additional Materials from
Learning Resource (LR)
Portal
PROCEDURES
Reviewing previous lesson The teacher will start the lesson by asking the students to define politics and give
or presenting the new examples of political activities that they have observed or experienced.
lesson.
Establishing a purpose for The teacher will show a short video clip or read an article about the importance of politics
the lesson. in society. This will help students understand why it is important to learn about politics.
Discussing new concepts Activity:

and practicing new skills. Group Discussion: The class will be divided into small groups and each group will be
given a different scenario where politics is involved. The groups will discuss the scenario
and come up with their own definition of politics based on their discussion. They will also
present their definition to the class.
Word Association: The teacher will write the word "politics" on the board and ask the
students to shout out words that they associate with politics. The teacher will write the
words on the board and discuss each one with the class, asking the students to explain
why they associate that word with politics.
Political Spectrum: The teacher will give a brief lecture about the political spectrum and
explain the different political ideologies. The students will be asked to identify where they
stand on the political spectrum and explain why.
Developing mastery. Analysis: The teacher will ask the students to analyze the different definitions of politics
(Leads to Formative that were presented in the group discussion. The class will discuss the similarities and
Assessment) differences between the definitions and come up with a common definition of politics.

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Making generalizations Abstraction: The teacher will ask the students to think about how politics affects their
and abstractions about the daily lives. They will be asked to give examples of political activities that they have
lesson. observed or experienced and how these activities have affected them.
Evaluating learning. Application: The teacher will give the students a real-life problem that is related to the
objective. For example, the students may be asked to analyze a current political issue
and come up with their own solution to the problem.
Additional activities for Assignment: For homework, the students will be asked to research a current political
application or remediation. issue and write a short reflection on how it affects them and their community.
REMARKS
1. What is politics?
Answer: Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group. It refers to achieving and exercising positions
of governance—organized control over a human community, particularly a state.
2. What is the political spectrum?

Answer: The political spectrum is a range of political beliefs that exist from left to right. It includes ideologies such as liberalism,
conservatism, socialism, and fascism.
3. What is the importance of learning about politics?

Answer: Learning about politics is important because it helps individuals understand how decisions are made and how they can
participate in the decision-making process. It also helps individuals understand how politics affects their daily lives.
4. True or False: Politics only involves the government.

Answer: False. Politics involves a wide range of activities that affect members of a group, including but not limited to the government.
5. Fill in the blank: The political spectrum includes ideologies such as ___________, conservatism, socialism, and fascism.
Answer: liberalism
REFLECTIONS
No. of learners who earned 80% on the formative assessment.
No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation.
Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have

caught up with the lesson.
No. of learners who continue to require remediation.
Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this

work?
What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or
supervisor can help me solve?
What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which
I wish to share with other teachers?
NOTES:
Prepared:
HERRICK O. AGUSTIN
Master Teacher I
Checked:


REGION XI
Lecture Note # 1 Grade 12 Section

Teacher Herrick O. Agustin Subject Philippine Politics and Governance
Topic Politics, Governance, and Government in the Philippines: Concept, Relationship, and Importance
Introduction
Philippine Politics refers to the activities, actions, and processes involved in the acquisition, exercise, and
distribution of power within the country's political system. The historical context of politics, governance, and
government in the Philippines is characterized by a complex interplay of colonial rule, struggles for
independence, democratic transitions, and ongoing challenges in building a stable and inclusive political
system.
Pre-Colonial Era:
1. Indigenous Governance: Before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 16th century, the Philippines
was composed of various independent communities, each with its own form of governance. These societies
were often led by chieftains or datu.
2. Socio-Political Structures: Pre-colonial societies had hierarchical structures with strong ties to
kinship, and decisions were made through councils or assemblies.
Spanish Colonial Rule (1521-1898):

1. Spanish Conquest: The Philippines was colonized by Spain in the 16th century after the arrival of
Ferdinand Magellan. Spanish rule lasted for over three centuries.
2. Encomienda System: The Spanish introduced the encomienda system, granting Spanish colonizers
control over indigenous communities and their labor.
3. Emergence of the Ilustrados: The 19th century saw the rise of the ilustrados, educated Filipinos who
sought reforms and advocated for liberal ideas and representation.
Philippine Revolution and American Occupation (1896-1946):

1. Philippine Revolution: The Philippine Revolution, led by figures like Andres Bonifacio and Emilio
Aguinaldo, sought independence from Spanish rule. The Philippine Declaration of Independence was
proclaimed on June 12, 1898.
2. Treaty of Paris and American Occupation: After the Spanish-American War, the Philippines was
ceded to the United States through the Treaty of Paris in 1898. This led to the Philippine-American War and
American colonial rule.
3. Period of Commonwealth: The U.S. granted the Philippines Commonwealth status in 1935, preparing
the country for eventual independence.
Japanese Occupation and Post-War Era (1941-1972):

1. World War II and Japanese Occupation: During World War II, the Philippines fell under Japanese
occupation from 1941 to 1945.
2. Independence and Post-War Reconstruction: The Philippines regained independence on July 4,
1946. The post-war era focused on rebuilding the nation and establishing democratic institutions.
3. The Rise of Ferdinand Marcos: Ferdinand Marcos was elected as president in 1965 and re-elected in
1969. His rule marked the beginning of a turbulent period in Philippine politics.
Martial Law and People Power Revolution (1972-1986):

1. Martial Law: In 1972, Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, suspending civil liberties and
establishing authoritarian rule.
2. People Power Revolution: In 1986, a nonviolent and widespread People Power Revolution ousted
Marcos from power, leading to the restoration of democracy and the ascent of Corazon Aquino as president.
Post-Marcos Era and Contemporary Politics:

1. The 1987 Constitution: The current Philippine Constitution was ratified in 1987, establishing a
democratic system with a presidential form of government and strong checks and balances.
2. Political Dynasties: Philippine politics has been characterized by the influence of political dynasties,
where families dominate positions of power and influence.

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3. Challenges and Achievements: The Philippines has faced challenges such as corruption, poverty,
and political instability. However, it has also achieved progress in areas like economic growth, gender
representation, and human rights.
Key Elements of Philippine Politics
1. Democratic Principles - the Philippines operates under a democratic system, with regular elections,
freedom of speech, and the protection of basic rights and liberties.
2. Political Parties - multiple political parties exist, representing different ideologies and interests.
3. Patronage Politics - the practice of patronage, or exchange of favors, plays a significant role in
Philippine politics.
Governance in the Philippines

Governance in the Philippines encompasses the processes and institutions involved in making and
implementing decisions to manage public affairs.
Key Elements of Governance
1. Decentralization - the Philippines has a decentralized governance structure, with power shared
between the national government and local government units (LGUs).
2. Bureaucracy - the civil service system facilitates governance by providing administrative support and
implementing policies.
3. Public Participation - citizen engagement and participation are encouraged through various
mechanisms such as public consultations and civil society organizations.
Government in the Philippines

The government in the Philippines refers to the formal institutions, structures, and processes through
which political authority is exercised and public policies are formulated and implemented.
Key Elements of Government
1. Three Branches - the government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary,
each with separate powers and functions.
2. Presidential System - the Philippines follows a presidential system of government, with a directly
elected president serving as the head of state and government.
3. Checks and Balances - the different branches of government provide checks and balances to prevent
the abuse of power.
Relationship Between Politics, Governance, and Government in the Philippines

Politics shapes governance and government policies, while governance provides the framework for
political processes and government actions. Political parties and elections influence the composition and
functioning of the government. Governance ensures the effective implementation of political decisions, while
government institutions carry out governance functions.

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Quarter Week Date
1 2
Standard
Learning 1. Explain the role of politics in representing
Objectives
citizens.
2. Analyze the impact of governance on

economic development.
3. Evaluate the importance of accountability in

governance.
4. Analyze the impact of governance on social

welfare.

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Time
OBJECTIVES
Specific Learning 1. Explain the role of politics in representing citizens.

Objectives 2. Analyze the impact of governance on economic development.
3. Evaluate the importance of accountability in governance.
4. Analyze the impact of governance on social welfare.

LEARNING RESOURCES
References
Textbook
Additional Materials from Learning
Resource (LR) Portal
PROCEDURES
Reviewing previous lesson Review the definition of politics and its importance in society. Discuss the different types
or presenting the new of political systems and how they operate.
lesson.
Establishing a purpose for Watch a short video clip or read an article about a current political issue. Ask the students
the lesson. to share their opinions and thoughts on the issue.

and practicing new skills. Divide the class into groups and assign each group a specific political system to research
and present to the class.
Conduct a mock election in class to demonstrate the importance of participation in the

political process.
Organize a debate on a political issue and assign roles to each student.

Developing mastery.
Analysis: Discuss the different political ideologies and how they shape political systems.
(Leads to Formative
Assessment) Analyze the role of media in politics and its impact on public opinion.
Making generalizations
and abstractions about the Abstraction: Discuss the importance of human rights and democracy in politics.
lesson. Analyze the role of political parties and interest groups in shaping political outcomes.
Evaluating learning.
Application: Give the students a real-life problem related to politics and ask them to
come up with a solution using the knowledge they have gained in class.
Additional activities for Assignment: Research and write a paper on a current political issue.
application or remediation.
Watch a political debate and write a summary analysis of the arguments made.
Conduct an interview with a politician or political analyst and report on their perspectives
on a current issue.

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REMARKS
1. What is the definition of politics? Answer: Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a
group.
2. What is the importance of political participation? Answer: Political participation is important because it allows
individuals to have a voice in the decision-making process and ensures that their needs and interests are represented.
3. What are the different types of political systems? Answer: The different types of political systems include
democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and communism.
4. What is the role of media in politics? Answer: The media plays a crucial role in politics by shaping public opinion and
influencing political outcomes.
5. What is the importance of human rights in politics? Answer: Human rights are important in politics because they
ensure that individuals are treated fairly and have access to basic freedoms and protections.
REFLECTIONS


work?
NOTES:
Prepared:
HERRICK O. AGUSTIN
Master Teacher I
Checked:


REGION XI

Topic Importance of Politics and Governance
Introduction
Politics refers to the activities, actions, and policies used to gain and hold power in a government or to
influence the government. In the Philippine context, it involves the processes, institutions, and actors
responsible for making and implementing decisions that affect the nation and its citizens.
Democratic System: The Philippines operates under a democratic form of government, which means
power is vested in the people. This empowers citizens to participate in decision-making through elections,
civic engagement, and holding leaders accountable.
Role of Political Parties: Political parties play a crucial role in shaping the nation's political landscape.
They represent different ideologies, policies, and visions for the country's future, giving citizens choices during
elections.
The Importance of Philippine Politics
Representation: Politics is the vehicle through which citizens can express their opinions, needs, and
desires. By electing representatives, Filipinos can ensure their voices are heard in the formulation of laws and
policies.
Accountability: Through the political process, public officials are held accountable for their actions and
decisions. Citizens have the power to re-elect or replace leaders based on their performance, promoting
better governance.
Stability and Order: A well-functioning political system ensures stability and order in society. Smooth
transitions of power and adherence to the rule of law are essential for economic growth and social harmony.
Policy Formulation and Implementation: Politics shapes the policies that drive the nation's
development. Sound policies, based on accurate data and analysis, can lead to economic progress, poverty
reduction, and improved living standards.
Understanding Governance
Governance refers to the processes and systems through which public decisions are made, implemented,
and enforced. It involves the government's structures, institutions, and actors responsible for managing the
affairs of the state. Good governance is the effective and efficient management of resources and affairs of the
state, with a focus on transparency, accountability, rule of law, and inclusiveness.
The Importance of Governance in the Philippines
Economic Development: Good governance is essential for economic growth and attracting investments.
When institutions are transparent and free from corruption, investors are more likely to engage in business,
leading to economic prosperity.
Social Welfare: Effective governance ensures the equitable distribution of resources and services to all
citizens, reducing poverty and promoting social welfare programs.
Public Service Delivery: Proper governance ensures that public services such as education, healthcare,
and infrastructure are efficiently delivered to the people.
Foreign Relations: Governance impacts the nation's reputation in the international community. A
government known for good governance is likely to be respected and have stronger diplomatic ties with other
countries.
Challenges and the Way Forward
Corruption: Corruption remains a significant challenge in Philippine politics and governance. Efforts to
strengthen institutions and promote transparency are crucial in combating this issue.
Political Polarization: Political divisions can hinder progress and cooperation. Encouraging respectful
dialogue and finding common ground is essential for effective governance.
Citizen Participation: Empowering citizens to actively engage in politics and governance is vital for a
thriving democracy. Encouraging civic education and participation in decision-making processes can lead to
better policy outcomes.
Philippine politics and governance play a fundamental role in shaping the country's future. A well-
functioning political system with effective governance can lead to economic prosperity, social welfare, and
stability. As future leaders and citizens, your active involvement in the political process is crucial for a brighter
and more prosperous Philippines. Let us work together towards a nation where the principles of democracy,
good governance, and public service are upheld for the benefit of all.

REGION XI
Quarter Week Date
1 3
Standard
Learning 1. Identify and define key political ideologies.
Objectives
2. Compare and contrast different ideological

perspectives.
3. Analyze impact on policy and governance of

different political ideologies influence policy
decisions and governance practices in various
countries and time periods.
4. Synthesize knowledge and formulate

arguments on different political ideologies and
construct well-reasoned arguments based on
their understanding.

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Time
OBJECTIVES
Specific Learning 1. Identify and define key political ideologies.

Objectives 2. Compare and contrast different ideological perspectives.
3. Analyze impact on policy and governance of different political ideologies influence
policy decisions and governance practices in various countries and time periods.
4. Synthesize knowledge and formulate arguments on different political ideologies and
construct well-reasoned arguments based on their understanding.

LEARNING RESOURCES
References
Textbook
PROCEDURES
Reviewing previous lesson Ask the students if they have any prior knowledge about political ideologies. Allow them
or presenting the new to share their insights. Discuss the importance of understanding political ideologies in
lesson. shaping one's political beliefs and actions.
Establishing a purpose for
Play a short video clip or show images of different political ideologies and their symbols.
the lesson.
Ask the students to identify the ideologies and symbols shown.
Discuss the significance of symbols in representing political ideologies.
and practicing new skills. Divide the class into small groups and assign each group a political ideology (e.g.,
liberalism, socialism, conservatism, anarchism, fascism).
Ask each group to research and prepare a presentation on the basic tenets of their
assigned ideology, including its history, key figures, and major principles.
After the presentations, facilitate a class discussion on the similarities and differences
among the different ideologies.
Developing mastery. Analysis: Ask the students to reflect on their own political beliefs and values.
(Leads to Formative Discuss how their beliefs align or differ with the different political ideologies presented in
Assessment) class.
Making generalizations
Abstraction: Summarize the key points of the lesson and emphasize the importance of
and abstractions about the
understanding political ideologies in political discourse and decision-making.
lesson.
Evaluating learning. Application: Give the students a real-life problem that is related to the objective, such as
a proposed policy or legislation. Ask them to identify which political ideology it aligns with
and explain their reasoning.
Additional activities for Assignment: Ask the students to write a reflection paper on their own political beliefs
application or remediation. and values, and how they align or differ with the different political ideologies discussed in

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class.
Research and write a short essay on a political ideology of your choice and discuss its
relevance in today's society.
REMARKS
1. What is the importance of understanding political ideologies in shaping one's political beliefs and actions? Answer:
Understanding political ideologies helps individuals to identify their political beliefs and values and make informed
decisions in political discourse and decision-making.
2. What are the basic tenets of liberalism? Answer: The basic tenets of liberalism include individual freedom, equality,
democracy, and the rule of law.
3. What is the difference between conservatism and socialism? Answer: Conservatism emphasizes traditional values
and institutions, while socialism advocates for social and economic equality through collective ownership and control of
resources.
4. Which political ideology emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and limited government intervention?
Answer: Libertarianism emphasizes individual freedom and limited government intervention.
5. What is the significance of symbols in representing political ideologies? Answer: Symbols help to represent the
values and principles of political ideologies and can evoke emotional responses from individuals.
REFLECTIONS


work?
NOTES:
Prepared:
HERRICK O. AGUSTIN
Master Teacher I
Checked:


REGION XI

Topic Basic Tenets of Political Ideologies
Introduction
Political ideologies are sets of beliefs, values, and principles that shape how individuals and groups
perceive and approach governance, social organization, and economic systems. Understanding the basic
tenets of various political ideologies is crucial for comprehending the diverse perspectives that drive political
thought and decision-making.
Liberalism
1. Individual Freedom: Liberals advocate for individual liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion,
and assembly, as well as the protection of civil rights and personal autonomy.
2. Limited Government: Liberals support the idea of a government that plays a role in promoting social
welfare and economic fairness but should not excessively interfere in personal matters or restrict individual
liberties.
3. Social Justice: Liberals often call for policies that aim to reduce social inequality and ensure equal
opportunities for all citizens, especially in areas like education and healthcare.
Conservatism:
1. Tradition and Stability: Conservatives emphasize the importance of preserving societal traditions,
customs, and institutions to maintain stability and continuity.
2. Limited Change: Conservatives are generally cautious about rapid societal changes and advocate for
incremental reforms rather than radical transformations.
3. Free Markets: Conservatives support free-market principles and believe that a smaller government
and fewer regulations promote economic growth and individual initiative.
Communism:
1. Classless Society: Communism aims to create a classless society where the means of production are
collectively owned, and wealth is distributed according to needs.
2. Abolition of Private Property: Private property is viewed as a source of inequality and exploitation, so
communists seek its abolition in favor of communal ownership.
3. Revolutionary Change: Communists believe that a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system is
necessary to establish a communist society.
Feminism:
1. Gender Equality: Feminism advocates for equal rights and opportunities for all genders, seeking to
challenge and dismantle patriarchal structures and norms.
2. Intersectionality: Feminists recognize that various social identities intersect (e.g., race, class, sexual
orientation) and impact individuals' experiences differently.
3. Empowerment and Agency: Feminists emphasize the importance of empowering individuals to make
choices about their bodies, careers, and lives.
Socialism:
1. Collective Ownership: Socialism advocates for collective or public ownership of the means of
production, such as industries and natural resources, with the aim of reducing economic inequality.
2. Economic Equality: Socialists strive for a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources, often
through progressive taxation and social welfare programs.
3. Social Welfare: Socialists prioritize providing public services, such as healthcare, education, and
affordable housing, as basic rights ensured by the state.
4. Workers' Empowerment: Socialism seeks to empower the working class and grant them greater
control over their workplaces through initiatives like worker cooperatives.
Anarchism:
1. Absence of Government: Anarchism envisions a society without centralized government or authority,
where individuals and communities organize themselves voluntarily.
2. Anti-Authoritarianism: Anarchists oppose all forms of hierarchical power and authority, seeking to
dismantle oppressive structures.
3. Direct Democracy: Anarchists often advocate for direct democracy, where decisions are made
collectively and locally, allowing for maximum individual autonomy.

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4. Decentralization: Anarchism favors decentralized decision-making and grassroots movements as

opposed to centralized institutions.
Fascism:
1. Authoritarian Leadership: Fascism is characterized by strong and centralized leadership, often
centered around a charismatic figure, who holds significant control over the state and its policies.
2. Nationalism: Fascists promote extreme nationalism, glorifying the nation and its historical
achievements, often claiming racial or cultural superiority.
3. Totalitarianism: Fascism seeks to exert control over all aspects of society, including the economy,
media, and individual behaviors, suppressing dissent and opposition.
4. Anti-Democratic: Fascists reject democratic principles and believe that a select group or leader
should make decisions on behalf of the nation.
Importance of Political Ideologies

The importance of political ideologies lies in their significant impact on shaping societies, governments,
policies, and individual beliefs. Here are some key reasons why political ideologies are crucial:
1. Framework for Governance: Political ideologies provide the foundation for various forms of
government and governance structures. They outline principles, values, and goals that guide policymakers in
decision-making and policy implementation.
2. Policy Formulation: Ideologies influence the formulation of policies on issues such as healthcare,
education, economy, social welfare, and international relations. They help governments prioritize certain goals
and approaches based on their ideological leanings.
3. Defining Political Parties: Political ideologies often form the basis for the formation of political parties
and movements. These parties rally like-minded individuals to work collectively towards achieving their shared
ideological objectives.
4. Social Movements: Political ideologies can inspire social movements that advocate for specific
societal changes or challenge existing norms and power structures. These movements can lead to significant
social progress and reforms.
5. Identity and Belonging: Ideologies contribute to the formation of political identities. People often align
themselves with particular ideologies, finding a sense of belonging and common purpose with others who
share similar beliefs.
6. Basis for Political Participation: Understanding one's political ideology can motivate individuals to
engage in the political process actively. It encourages voting, participating in public debates, and supporting
candidates or parties that align with their beliefs.
7. Safeguarding Democracy: In democratic societies, the existence of diverse political ideologies fosters
competition of ideas and prevents the concentration of power in a single ideology. This plurality ensures a
robust democratic process.
8. Adapting to Change: As societies evolve, political ideologies can adapt to address new challenges
and issues. They offer a framework for reevaluating societal values and determining how best to respond to
emerging concerns.
9. Path to Progress: Political ideologies often represent visions of progress and social improvement.
They provide direction and motivation for creating a better society, combating inequalities, and addressing
pressing global problems.
Understanding the basic tenets of political ideologies is essential for engaging in informed political
discussions, analyzing policy proposals, and making informed decisions as citizens. It is crucial to remember
that real-world political movements and parties often blend elements of different ideologies, and individuals'
beliefs may evolve over time based on changing societal and personal circumstances. By continuing to
explore political ideologies and their nuances, we can better appreciate the diverse perspectives that shape
our political landscape.

REGION XI
Quarter Week Date
1 4
Standard
Learning 1. Define the concept of power and its
Objectives
significance in political science and social
relations.
2. Describe the nature of power as dynamic and

relational, understanding how power is constantly
exercised and negotiated in various contexts.
3. Reflect on the ethical implications of power and

the responsibilities of those who wield it.

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Time
OBJECTIVES
Most Essential Learning Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and consequences of power.
Competencies
Specific Learning 1. Define the concept of power and its significance in political science and social
Objectives relations.
2. Describe the nature of power as dynamic and relational, understanding how power is
constantly exercised and negotiated in various contexts.
3. Reflect on the ethical implications of power and the responsibilities of those who wield
it.
LEARNING RESOURCES
References
Textbook
PROCEDURES
Reviewing previous lesson Ask the students to define the term "government power" and provide examples of how it
or presenting the new is exercised in their daily lives. Discuss the different types of government power and their
lesson. dimensions.
Establishing a purpose for Show a video clip or news article of a recent issue related to government power. Ask the
the lesson. students to share their thoughts and opinions on the matter.
Discussing new concepts Activity 1: Power Map
and practicing new skills. Divide the class into groups and provide each group with a large sheet of paper and
markers. Ask them to create a power map that illustrates the different types of
government power and the consequences of its exercise. The power map should include
the branches of government and their respective powers, as well as examples of how
these powers are exercised in society.
Activity 2: Case Study Analysis

Provide the students with a case study that highlights the exercise of government power.
Ask them to analyze the case study and identify the nature, dimensions, types, and
consequences of the government power exercised.
Activity 3: Debate
Assign the students to groups and provide them with different scenarios that involve the
exercise of government power. Ask them to debate on whether the exercise of
government power in the scenario is justified, and provide reasons to support their
arguments.
Developing mastery. Analysis: Ask the students to share their power maps and case study analysis.
(Leads to Formative Encourage them to discuss the similarities and differences in their analysis and identify
Assessment) any misconceptions or gaps in their understanding of government power.

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Making generalizations Abstraction: Provide a summary of the different types of government power and their
and abstractions about the dimensions. Discuss the consequences of the exercise of government power and its
lesson. impact on society.
Evaluating learning. Application: Give the students a real-life problem that is related to the objective. Ask
them to identify the different types of government power that are involved and the
consequences of their exercise. Encourage them to propose solutions that address the
issue while balancing the exercise of government power and individual rights.
Additional activities for Assignment: Research and analyze a current issue related to the exercise of
application or remediation. government power. Write a reflection paper that discusses the different types of
government power involved, the consequences of their exercise, and your personal
opinion on the matter.
REMARKS
1. What are the different types of government power? Answer: The different types of government power are legislative,
executive, and judicial.
2. What are the dimensions of government power? Answer: The dimensions of government power are scope, intensity,
and effectiveness.
3. What are the consequences of the exercise of government power? Answer: The consequences of the exercise of
government power can be positive or negative, depending on how it is exercised and its impact on society.
4. What is the nature of government power? Answer: The nature of government power is the ability of the government
to regulate and control society.
5. How can the exercise of government power be balanced with individual rights? Answer: The exercise of government
power can be balanced with individual rights by implementing checks and balances, respecting due process, and
upholding the rule of law.
REFLECTIONS


work?
NOTES:
Prepared:
HERRICK O. AGUSTIN
Master Teacher I
Checked:


REGION XI

Topic Nature, Dimensions, types, and Consequences of Government Power
Introduction
Government power is a fundamental aspect of political systems and plays a central role in governing
societies. Understanding the nature, dimensions, types, and consequences of government power is essential
for comprehending how political systems function and their impact on citizens and communities.
Nature of Government Power:

1. Authority and Legitimacy: Government power is derived from authority, which is the right to rule, and
legitimacy, which is the belief and acceptance of that authority by the governed.
2. Sovereignty: Government power is often linked to the concept of sovereignty, which refers to the
supreme authority of a state or government over its territory and people.
3. Exercising Coercion: At its core, government power involves the ability to enforce laws, regulations,
and decisions through the use of coercion, such as police forces and legal sanctions.
4. Social Contract: The nature of government power is often justified through the social contract theory,
which posits that citizens willingly give up certain liberties in exchange for protection and order provided by the
state.
Dimensions of Government Power:

1. Legislative Power: This dimension of government power involves the authority to make laws, create
policies, and establish rules governing society.
2. Executive Power: The executive dimension of government power is responsible for implementing and
enforcing laws and policies and is usually vested in the executive branch of government.
3. Judicial Power: Judicial power involves interpreting laws and resolving disputes, ensuring that laws
are applied fairly and impartially.
Types of Government Power:

1. Authoritarianism: In an authoritarian system, government power is concentrated in the hands of a
single individual or a small elite group, often with limited political freedoms and no meaningful democratic
participation.
2. Democracy: In a democratic system, government power is derived from the consent of the governed,
allowing citizens to participate in decision-making through elections and other democratic processes.
3. Totalitarianism: Totalitarian governments exercise near-absolute control over all aspects of society,
with no tolerance for dissent or opposition.
4. Oligarchy: In an oligarchic system, power is concentrated in the hands of a privileged few, such as a
wealthy elite or a ruling party.
Consequences of Government Power:

1. Protection of Rights and Freedoms: Government power can safeguard individual rights and
freedoms, ensuring that citizens are protected from abuses and discrimination.
2. Social Order and Stability: Effective government power fosters social order and stability, allowing for
the functioning of institutions, economic prosperity, and overall societal well-being.
3. Abuse of Power: Excessive or unchecked government power can lead to abuses, oppression, and
violations of human rights.
4. Economic Impact: Government policies and regulations can significantly impact the economy,
influencing factors like taxation, trade, and business regulation.
5. Influence on International Relations: Government power can shape a nation's foreign policy and
relationships with other countries, affecting global dynamics and international cooperation.

REGION XI
Understanding the nature, dimensions, types, and consequences of government power provides crucial
insights into political systems and their effects on societies. By critically analyzing and engaging with these
aspects of government power, we can work towards building more accountable, just, and responsive political
systems that serve the welfare of all citizens.
Quarter Week Date
1 5
Standard
Learning 1. Define the concepts of nations and states,
Objectives
understanding their distinct characteristics and
the relationship between them.
2. Explain the key attributes of a state, including a
defined territory, a permanent population, and a
government that exercises authority over its
territory and people.
3. Analyze case studies of specific nation-states,
examining the processes of state formation,
nation-building, and the maintenance of unity and
diversity.
4. Reflect on the complexities and opportunities
that arise when balancing the interests of

REGION XI
different nations within a state or in interactions

between nation-states.

Topic Nations and States in the Context of Globalization
Introduction
The concepts of nations and states are fundamental in understanding the complexities of modern politics
and international relations. In this lecture, we will explore the definitions and characteristics of nations and
states, their relationship, and the significance of these concepts in the context of contemporary global affairs.
The Concept of Nations

A nation refers to a group of people who share common characteristics, including language, culture,
history, and often a sense of identity and belonging. National identity is a crucial aspect of a nation, as it
fosters a collective consciousness and a feeling of solidarity among its members.
Sociologist Benedict Anderson coined the term "imagined communities" to describe how nations are
socially constructed and bound together by a shared belief in their common identity. Nations can be classified
as ethnic (based on shared ethnicity or ancestry), civic (based on shared values and citizenship), or cultural
(based on shared language and culture).
The Concept of States

A state refers to a political entity with a defined territory, a permanent population, and a government that
exercises authority over its territory and people. Sovereignty is a key attribute of states, indicating their
exclusive right to govern themselves and make decisions without external interference. The Westphalian
system, established in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, laid the foundation for the modern state system,
emphasizing the principle of territorial integrity and state sovereignty.
Relationship Between Nations and States

1. Nation-State: A nation-state is an ideal concept where a state's boundaries coincide with the territory
inhabited by a single nation. Examples include Japan and Iceland.
2. Multi-National States: Some states encompass multiple nations within their borders. These states
must navigate issues related to diversity, autonomy, and recognition of minority groups. Examples include
Canada and India.
3. Stateless Nations: Stateless nations are ethnic or cultural groups that do not have their own
independent state. They often seek self-determination or autonomy within existing states. Examples include
the Kurds and the Palestinians.
Challenges and Opportunities

1. Nationalism: Nationalism, a sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation, can lead to solidarity but also
foster exclusionary tendencies and conflicts with other nations.
2. Globalization: Globalization has challenged the traditional notions of state sovereignty, as cross-
border interactions and interdependence have increased.
3. Supranational Organizations: The rise of supranational organizations, such as the European Union,
has blurred the lines between states and allowed for shared decision-making and pooled sovereignty.
Understanding the concepts of nations and states is crucial for analyzing the complexities of
contemporary politics and international relations. Nations' sense of identity and belonging, combined with the
structures and governance of states, shape the landscape of global affairs. As the world becomes more
interconnected, the relationship between nations and states continues to evolve, posing challenges and
opportunities for the future of international cooperation and governance.


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Republic of the Philippines

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) Number of

EVELYN P. LUCAS, EdD

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Quarter Week Date

2. Discuss the significance of politics in

3. Explore how government structures and

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Region XI Grade Level 12

Content Attached Lecture Note #1

Discussing new concepts Activity:

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2. What is the political spectrum?

3. What is the importance of learning about politics?

4. True or False: Politics only involves the government.

No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation.

Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have

Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this

EVELYN P. LUCAS, EdD

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Lecture Note # 1 Grade 12 Section

Spanish Colonial Rule (1521-1898):

Philippine Revolution and American Occupation (1896-1946):

Japanese Occupation and Post-War Era (1941-1972):

Martial Law and People Power Revolution (1972-1986):

Post-Marcos Era and Contemporary Politics:

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Governance in the Philippines

Government in the Philippines

Relationship Between Politics, Governance, and Government in the Philippines

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Quarter Week Date

2. Analyze the impact of governance on

3. Evaluate the importance of accountability in

4. Analyze the impact of governance on social

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Region XI Grade Level 12

Specific Learning 1. Explain the role of politics in representing citizens.

Content Attached Lecture Note #2

Discussing new concepts Activity:

Conduct a mock election in class to demonstrate the importance of participation in the

Organize a debate on a political issue and assign roles to each student.

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation.

Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have

Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this

EVELYN P. LUCAS, EdD

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Lecture Note # 2 Grade 12 Section

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Quarter Week Date

2. Compare and contrast different ideological

3. Analyze impact on policy and governance of

4. Synthesize knowledge and formulate

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Region XI Grade Level 12

Specific Learning 1. Identify and define key political ideologies.

Content Attached Lecture Note #3

KAPALONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation.

Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have

Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this