SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT

1. William james theory - I and Me

● I - self as a subject of experience
● Me - self as an object of experience
2. GLOBAL SELF VS DIFFERENTIATED SELF
● Global self - awareness of good possessed by the self a
● Differentiated self - ability to separate thoughts and feelings
3. Real self vs ideal self
● Real self - who we are
● Ideal self - how we want to be.
4. Multiple vs unified
● Multiple - a spectrum; it is not limited to a single set of qualities
● Major self - a personality with thoughts, desires, intentions, emotions, ambitions,
and beliefs
● Minor – merely enough to deal with a particular condition
● Micro - building blocks of personality
5. True vs false self
● True self - comes from real experiences and the feeling of being truly present,
alive, and able to speak the truth.
● False self - self that wears a social mask to help build relationships with others
6. THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
● Intentionality - how an individual formulates intentions
● Forethought - future-oriented planning
● Self reactiveness - self-reactivity not only as planners or forethinkers but also as
self-regulators.
● Self reflection - ability to reflect on their functioning, including life aspirations, the
meaning of activities taken to achieve goals, thoughts, and personal efficacy.

THE SELF IN EASTERN AND WESTERN THOUGHT

A. CONFUCIANISM
- the concept of self is linked to the social component of human existence
B. TAOISM
- " the core of existence and the world, or the Way. That is why we utilize paradoxes,
contradictions, anecdotes, analogies, and aphorisms.
C. BUDDHISM
- Buddhism contends that the self does not exist and is an illusion

II. WESTERN THOUGHT

A. INDIVIDUALISTIC VS COLLECTIVISTIC SELF
- Individualistic Self - People tend to identify most strongly with themselves, putting their
needs ahead of the group's requirements.
- Collectivistic Self - One's membership and role in a group, such as the family or the
work team, significantly influence one's identity. This is especially true for younger
people.
B. THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF SELF IN WESTERN THOUGHT
- human beings construct their knowledge of the world within the context of their social
relationships.

FILIPINOS' REPRESENTATION OF SELF (Sta. Maria, 1999)

A. ANG SIMPLENG TAO - a low profile in one's social world,

B. TAONG NAGSUSUMIKAP - This type of person possesses a goal in life.
C. TAONG TAGO ANG KALOOBAN - This type of person is not easy to understand and is
likewise not easy to get along with.
D. ANG TAONG HAYAG ANG KALOOBAN - This person expresses in a direct manner
whatever is on her mind.
E. ANG TAONG MASAYAHIN - It is easy to make this type of person happy.
F. ANG TAONG NAGMAMALASAKIT - This type of person readily shares her time with others
G. ANG TAONG MATAPAT - This type of person is loyal to his friends.