Use of Motion in

Segmentation
Outcomes

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/motion-segmentation

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References

Gonzalez and Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education,3/e,

(2008)

The images in the presentation are taken from slides of Gonzales and
Woods and different internet websites.

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Use of motion in segmentation
• Extract objects or region of interest from a background of irrelevant
detail

• Motion arises from a relative displacement between sensing system and

the scene being viewed
 robotic applications
 autonomous navigation
 dynamic scene analysis

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Use of motion in segmentation
• Spatial Techniques

Simplest approach
 To detect changes between two image frames
and

 Compare two images pixel by pixel

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Use of motion in segmentation

• Form a difference image

• reference image having only stationary objects of the scene

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Use of motion in segmentation

• Difference image between two images taken at times and

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Use of motion in segmentation

• All pixels in with value 1 are due to moving objects

• Illumination should be constant

• But, 1 may also arise due to noise

to remove them: form 4 or 8 connected regions of 1s
ignore any region less than a predetermined no. of elements
This may ignore small or slowly moving objects

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Use of motion in segmentation

Accumulative Difference Image (ADI)

• …….. --sequence of image frames

• be the reference image

• Accumulative Difference Image is formed by comparing the reference image

with every subsequent image in the sequence of frames

• A counter for each pixel location is incremented

• Shows the no of times the entry in that pixel location is different

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Accumulative Difference Image (ADI)

• Three types of ADI

• Absolute
• Positive
• Negative

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Accumulative Difference Image (ADI)

reference image

denotes the frame at time

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Accumulative Difference Image (ADI)

Absolute ADI

Positive ADI

Negative ADI

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Accumulative Difference Images (ADI)

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Accumulative Difference Images (ADI)

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Accumulative Difference Images (ADI)

 Non zero area of the positive ADI == size of the moving object
 Location of the Positive ADI location of moving object
 Number of counts in the positive ADI stops increasing when moving object is
displaced completely
 Absolute ADI contains regions of +ve and –ve ADI
 Direction and speed of moving object can be determined from the absolute and
negative ADI

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Establishing a reference image

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Conclusions

Use of motion in segmentation

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THANK YOU