Lecture 3 pharmacodynamics

1- Isoproterenol produces maximal contraction of cardiac

muscle in a manner similar
to epinephrine. Which of the following best describes
isoproterenol?
A. Full agonist.
B. Partial agonist.
C. Competitive antagonist.
D. Irreversible antagonist.
E. Inverse agonist.

2- If 10 mg of naproxen produces the same analgesic response

as 100 mg of ibuprofen, which of the following statements is
correct?
A. Naproxen is more efficacious than is ibuprofen.
B. Naproxen is more potent than ibuprofen.
C. Naproxen is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist.
D. Naproxen is a competitive antagonist.
E. Naproxen is a better drug to take for pain relief than is
ibuprofen.

3 If 10 mg of morphine produces a greater analgesic response

than can be achieved by ibuprofen at any dose, which of the
following statements is correct?
A. Morphine is less efficacious than is ibuprofen. B. Morphine is
less potent than is ibuprofen.
C. Morphine is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist.
D. Ibuprofen is a competitive antagonist.
E. Morphine is a better drug to take for pain relief than is
ibuprofen.
4- In the presence of naloxone, a higher concentration of
morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Naloxone by itself
has no effect. Which of the following is correct regarding these
medications?
A. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist.
B. Morphine is a full agonist, and naloxone is a partial agonist.
C. Morphine is less efficacious than is naloxone.
D. Morphine is less potent than is naloxone.
E. Naloxone is a noncompetitive antagonist.

5- In the presence of pentazocine, a higher concentration of

morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Pentazocine by
itself has a smaller analgesic effect than does morphine, even at
the highest dose. Which of the following is correct regarding
these medications?
A. Pentazocine is a competitive antagonist.
B. Morphine is a full agonist, and pentazocine is a partial
agonist.
C. Morphine is less efficacious than is pentazocine.
D. Morphine is less potent than is pentazocine.
E. Pentazocine is a noncompetitive antagonist.

6- In the presence of picrotoxin, diazepam is less efficacious at

causing sedation, regardless of the dose. Picrotoxin by itself has
no sedative effect even at the high Which of the following is
correct?
A. Picrotoxin is a competitive antagonist.
B. Diazepam is a full agonist, and picrotoxin is a partial
agonist.
C. Diazepam is less efficacious than is picrotoxin
D. Diazepam is less potent than is picrotoxin.
E. Picrotoxin is a noncompetitive antagonist. 35/39

7- An agonist is a substance that:

a) Interacts with the receptor without producing any effect
b) Interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell
function, producing various effects
c) Increases concentration of another substance to produce
effect
d) Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn’t produce any
effect

8- If an agonist can produce maximal effects and has high

efficacy it’s called:
a) Partial agonist
b) Antagonist
c) Agonist-antagonist
d) Full agonist

9-If an agonist can produce submaximal effects and has

moderate efficacy it’s called:
a) Partial agonist
b) Antagonist
c) Agonist-antagonist
d) Full agonist

10-. An antagonist is a substance that:

a) Binds to the receptors and initiates changes in cell function,
producing maximal effect
b) Binds to the receptors and initiates changes in cell function,
producing submaximal effect
c) Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn’t produce any effect
d) Binds to the receptors without directly altering their
functions

11 - A competitive antagonist is a substance that:

a) Interacts with receptors and produces submaximal effect
b) Binds to the same receptor site and progressively inhibits
the agonist response
c) Binds to the nonspecific sites of tissue
d) Binds to one receptor subtype as an agonist and to another
as an antagonist

12- The substance binding to one receptor subtype as an

agonist and to another as an antagonist is called:
a) Competitive antagonist
b) Irreversible antagonist
c) Agonist-antagonist
d) Partial agonist

13- All of the following statements about efficacy and potency

are true EXCEPT:
a) Efficacy is usually a more important clinical consideration
than potency
b) Efficacy is the maximum effect of a drug
c) Potency is a comparative measure, refers to the different
doses of two drugs that are needed to produce the same
effect
d) The ED50 is a measure of drug’s efficacy

14- Give the definition for a therapeutical dose:

a) The amount of a substance to produce the minimal biological
effect
b) The amount of a substance to produce effects hazardous for
an organism
c) The amount of a substance to produce the required effect in
most patients
d) The amount of a substance to accelerate an increase of
concentration of medicine in an organism

15- Pick out the correct definition of a toxic dose:

a) The amount of substance to produce the minimal biological
effect
b) The amount of substance to produce effects hazardous for an
organism
c) The amount of substance to produce the necessary effect in
most of patients
d) The amount of substance to fast creation of high
concentration of medicine in an organism

16- Therapeutic index (TI) is:

a) A ratio used to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a drug
for indication
b) A ratio used to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug
c) A ratio used to evaluate the elimination of a drug
d) A ratio used to evaluate the bioavailability of a drug
17- Potency is:
a) The ability of drug to bind a receptor
b) The maximum effect of a drug.
c) The effect of drug per unit of weight
d) The dose needed to reach the maximum effect of the drug
e) None of them

18- Drugs associated with high efficacy are characterized by:

a) Small therapeutic dose
b) High therapeutic indices
c) Low therapeutic indices
d) None of the listed

19- . The therapeutic index (TI) of a drug reflects its:

a) Efficacy
b) Duration of action
c) Relative safety
d) Onset of effect

20-A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log

dose-response curve of
another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner
without decreasing the
maximal response : Drug ‘R’ is a
a) Partial agonist
b) Inverse agonist
c) Competitive antagonist
d) Noncompetitive antagonist

21-. A drug which does not produce any action by itself but
decreases the slope of the log dose-response curve and
suppresses the maximal response to another drug is a
a) Physiological antagonist
b) Competitive antagonist
c) Noncompetitive antagonist
d) Partial agonist
22-Which of the following statements regarding therapeutic
window is correct ?
a) The ratio of LD50 to the ED50
b) The Dosage range between the minimum effective
therapeutic concentration and
the minimum toxic concentration
c) Both the above
d) None of the above

23-A non-competitive antagonist

a) Alters the mechanism of action of an agonist
b) Alters the potency of an agonist
c) Shifts the dose-response curve of an agonist to the right
d) Decreases the maximum response to an agonist
e) None of the above

24-When a drug has a low therapeutic index, that drug should

be
a) Used mostly orally
b) Used mostly intravenously
c) Considered a potentially toxic substance
d) Given only in submilligram doses

25-Which of the following is not the subject for

pharmacodynamics?
A) Mechanism of action.
B) Duration of effect.
C) Adverse effects.
D) Phases of metabolism.
E) Affinity.
26- Dose response data was collected during the preclinical
testing of four drugs for the treatment of acute heart failure.
Which drug studied was the most efficacious?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

27- in the figure of the previous question, which drug is the

most potent
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
28 .Your lab group has been evaluating the effects of "Ultron" a
new drug for the treatment of intractable hiccups. When
administered over a wide concentration range, three dose
response relationships were defined in test subjects. Using
facial flushing as an unwanted side effect, what would be the
estimated therapeutic index for Ultron?

a) 0.1
b) 1
c) 10
d) 100

29- This graph illustrates the dose-response relationship for

the effect of the beta agonist isoproterenol on an isolated
perfused heart, both alone and in the presence of different fixed
concentrations of Drug X. Based upon the data shown, Drug X
is most likely a(n):
a) beta agonist
b) competitive antagonist
c) irreversible antagonist
d) noncompetitive antagonist

22-b
1-a 23-d
2-b 24-c
3-e 25-d
4-a 26-c
5-b 27-a
6-e 28-c
7-b 29-b
8-d
9-a
10-d
11-b
12-c
13-d
14-c
15-b
16-a
17-c
18-d
19-c
20-c
21-b