IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Ms. Tehmina Ejaz

Visiting Lecturer: Quaid Azam University
International Islamic University
Ideology of Pakistan
Meaning and Definition
◦ Ideology: A set of aims and ideas that directs one’s goals and expectation, and
actions.
◦ First used in French as ‘ ideologie’ at the time of French Revolution.
◦ Introduced by a philosopher, de Tracy, as a short name for the SCIENCE OF
IDEAS.
◦ The study of the origin, evolution and nature of ideas.
◦ It contains those ideas that strives to accomplish in order to bring stability
to its nationhood. The ideology grows amongst the dissatisfied group of
society as a challenge to the prevailing social set up.
Ideology of Pakistan
 Ideology of Pakistan
◦ The ideology of Pakistan stems from the instinct of the Muslim
Community of South Asia to maintain their individuality by resisting all
attempts by the Hindu society to absorb it.

◦ Muslims of South Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only
two religions, but also two social orders that given birth to two distinct
cultures with no similarities.
◦ A deep study of history of this land proves that the difference between
Hindus and Muslims were not confined to the struggle for political
supremacy, but were also manifested in the clash of two social orders.
 Evolution of Ideology of Pakistan

◦“Pakistan was created the day the

first Indian National entered the
field of Islam”
◦ QUAID e AZAM
 Distinctive Ideological Arsenals
◦ The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process.
1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan began the period of
Muslim Self Awakening

2. Allama Iqbal provided the PHILOSOPHICAL

EXPLANATION

3. Quaid Azam translated it into a Political reality

4. Constituent of Pakistan; Passing Objective

Resolution in MARCH 1949, gave it legal
sanction
MARCH 22, 1940 Quaid e Azam said

◦ “HINDUS AND MUSLIMS BELONGED TO TWO

DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES, THEY NEITHER
INTERMARRY, NOT EAT TOGETHER BUT, ARE TWO
DIFFERENT CIVILIZATIONS WHOSE VERY
FOUNDATIONS ARE BASED ON CONFRONTING IDEAS
AND CONCEPTS. THEIR OUTLOOK ON LIFE AND OF
LIFE IS DIFFERENT”
TWO NATION THEORY
Two Nation theory: Factors of Dissidence

Political

Territorial Economic

Socio
Cultural Religious
Two Nation Theory
◦ The Two-Nation Theory served as the basis of demand for Pakistan by the
Muslims in British India. There are two major nations in British India.
◦ The Muslims are not a community but a nation with a distinctive history,
heritage, culture, civilization, and future aspirations.
◦ The Muslims wanted to preserve and protect their distinct identity and
advance their interests in India.
◦ They wanted to order their lives in accordance with their ideals and
philosophy of life without being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic
majority.
Viceroy of India

◦ “The Muslims of India should not be regarded as

a mere minority, but as a nation within a nation
whose rights and obligations should be
guaranteed by Statute”
Address on 18 th
June 1945
Muslim student Federation

◦ Pakistan only means freedom and independence but

Muslims ideology, which has to be preserved which to be
preserved which has come to us as a precious gift and
treasure and which we hope, others will share with us”

Quaid Azam
Ideology of Pakistan and Allama Iqbal
◦Idea of Separate Homeland for the Muslims of Sub
Continent.
◦This idea was powerful that it change the dynamics of
History.
◦Proponent of Two Nation Theory in political discourse
◦He aspired the preservation of Muslim culture, heritage and
political influence from India’s Hindu majority population.
Iqbal and Quaid Azam
◦ Iqbal is considered to have given the vision
for the creation of
Pakistan, whereas Jinnah is considered to be the one who shaped
this vision.
Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan
◦Separate Recognition of Muslims
◦Concept of Separate Muslim State
◦Acclamation of Idea of Single Nation
◦Concept of Two Nation Theory
◦Against Atheistic Socialism of Hindu Leadership
Continue
Conclusion
Ideology of Pakistan and Quaid Azam
◦ Pakistan, one of the largest Muslim states in the world, is a
living and exemplary monument of Quaid Azam Muhammad
Ali Jinnah.
◦ Untiring efforts, indomitable will, and dauntless courage, Quaid
Azam united the Indian Muslims under the banner of the
Muslim League and carved out a homeland for them, despite
stiff opposition from the Hindu Congress and the British
Government.
◦ Quaid Azam gave practical manifestation to the ideology
proposed by Allama Iqbal and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
Political Life; Charismatic leader of
Muslims
◦ 1906: Quaid Azam start his political career when he attended the
Calcutta session of the All India National Congress in the
capacity of Private Secretary to the President of the Congress.

◦ 1910: Elected to the imperial Legislative Council.

◦ 1913: Joined All India Muslim League.

Transition from Hindu Muslim Unity to
Two Nation Theory
◦ Early efforts to promote Hindu-Muslim unity were materialized when
THE LUCKNOW PACT(1916) was signed.
◦ The Hindus accepted the Muslim demands
◦ Separate Electorate
◦ One third seat in Central Legislature
◦ Protection of Minority Rights
Chronological Data
◦ 1928: In December, Nehru Report as published
◦ 1929: Jinnah presented his fourteen points in response to Nehru Report.
◦ 1935:
◦ Muhammad Ali Jinnah refused to accept the Nehru’s notion
that there are only two forces in India, British imperialism and
Indian Nationalism.
◦ There was another party, Muslim League which alone had the
right to represent the Muslims of INDIA.
◦ Muslims celebrated DAY OF DELIVERANCE.
Lucknow PACT: 15 Oct 1937
◦ The Majority community has clearly shown that Hindustan is
for the Hindus.
◦ 1939: “Muslims and Hindu are two Nations. We are going to live
as a nation and play a role as a nation”.
◦ 1940: Lahore Resolution
◦ The demand for Pakistan not only meant freedom from
oppressive HINDUS, but represent a complete separate Islamic
STATE.
Pakistan as Modern Democracy

◦“Pakistan was to be modern democratic

state that derived its ethical foundation from
Islam where the source of guidance and
inspiration for constitution making and
governance is going to be Islam”.
Continue

◦Muslims as Nation
◦India an Amalgam of Culture
◦Muslims as a Distinctive Nation
◦Islam as the Binding Force
Conclusion
◦ In a nutshell, it is concluded that Islamic ideology is the
philosophy underlying the Two Nation theory. Pakistan is a
state founded on ideological basis and not on the territorial
grounds. The Two Nation Theory became a reality with distinct
ideology called Pakistan ideology. Pakistan ideology is the cause
of creation of the country, the driving force of her existence and
also the destiny of the people.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (Oct, 17,1817
DELHI_ March 27,1898, Aligarh, India)
◦ Syed’s family, though progressive, was highly regarded by the
dying Mughal dynasty.
◦ In 1857, saved 20 British Families during the war, and was made
Sadr-us-Sadoor.
◦ 1878: Lord Dalton nominated him Member of Imperial Council.
◦ 1887: Lord Defren made him Member of Civil Service
Commission.
◦ 1888: Sir Syed received the title of Knighthood.
Aligarh Movement (1859_1920)
◦ War of Independence ended with Disaster for the Muslims.
◦ The British chose to believe that Muslims were responsible for the anti-
British uprisings; therefore they made them the subject of ruthless
punishments and merciless vengeance.

◦ Seeing this atmosphere of despondency and despair, Sir Syed launched his
attempts to revive the spirit of progress within the Muslim community of
India.
Quote from Sir Syed
Do not show the face of ISLAM to others, instead
◦ “

show your face as followers of true ISLAM representing

CHARACTER, KNOWLEDGE, TOLERANCE and
PIETY”
Educational Aspects
◦ Foremost objective was to acquaint the British with the Indian mind: his
next goal was to open the minds of his countrymen to European literature,
science and technology.
◦ He launched the Aligarh Movement with the following objectives
◦ 1) To create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between the British
government and the Muslims.
◦ 2) To persuade Muslims to learn English education
◦ 3) To persuade Muslims to abstain from politics of agitation.
◦ 4)To produce an intellectual class from amongst the Muslim community.
Chronological Data
◦ 1859: Built Gulshan School in Murradabad.
◦ 1863: Set up Victoria School in Ghazipur.
◦ 1864: Set up Scientific society in Aligarh.
◦ 1866: Published Aligarh Institute Gazette.
◦ 1870: Formed Committee Striving for the Educational Progress
Of Muslims.
◦ 1875: Muhammadan Anglo Oriental School (M.A.O). College in
1877 and UNIVERSITY in 1920.
◦ 1886: Muhammadan Educational Conference
◦ 1920: M.A.O College Aligarh to Muslim University.
Political Aspects
◦Essay: The Causes of Indian Revolt in 1858
◦Loyal Muhammadans of India
◦Life of Muhammad
◦Strengthen Cordial Relations and remove mis
understandings about Islam and Christianity.
Political Aspect
◦Urdu Hindi Controversy
◦Muslims as Nation
◦United Indian Patriotic Association
◦Muhammadan Defence Association
Religious Aspect
◦Pointed out similarities between Muslim and
Christianity via his writings.
◦Bridging gap between Muslims and British
backdrop of war 1857.
Social Aspect
◦Tahzib ul Akhlaq
◦Ahkam I Taham I Ahle Kitab
◦Sir Syed wanted the Muslims to get acquainted with the
modern life style and ethos, so they can adjust with the
emerging trends after the British formally took control
of India.
Objectives of Aligarh Movement
◦ To protect ISLAM against the onslaught of Orientalist and to prove that it
was the sole true religion.
◦ To remove the bitter enmity between the Muslims and British
◦ To re interpret teaching of Islam and bring them in harmony with modern
science and philosophy so Muslim can meet modern echelons of life.
◦ To PERSUADE Muslims to learn the English language and Western
science so that they might secure a substantial share in the administration
of the country.
◦ To maintain Urdu along with English as an associate official LANGUAGE
and to develop it through translations and original writings.
Effects of Aligarh Movement
◦Development of WESTERN EDUCATION.
◦ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTES.
◦ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUSLIMS.
◦EMERGENCE OF MUSLIM LEADERSHIP.
◦DEVELOPMENT OF URDU LANGUAGE
◦ROLE IN PAKISTAN MOVEMENT
Conclusion
References
◦ Pakistan Affairs book by NOA publications.
◦ Hamid Khan’s book Political and Constitutional Development of Pakistan
◦ Ayesha Jalal’s book Struggle for Pakistan.