Construction Phases

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING CE-375

Phases of Construction
• Phase I: Site Work
• Phase II: Foundations
• Phase III: Superstructure
• Phase IV: Façade
• Phase V: Interior Construction
• Phase VI: Commissioning
 Phase I: Site Work

▪ Site Preparation: This phase involves clearing and grading the

Phases of construction site. It includes activities such as removing vegetation,
leveling the ground, and preparing it for construction.
Construction ▪ Utility Installation: Utility services like water, electricity, gas, and
sewage are typically installed during this phase. This includes laying
pipelines and cables and ensuring they are properly connected.
▪ Earthworks: Earthworks involve excavating and moving earth to
create the desired terrain and elevations for the project. This phase
also includes compaction to ensure a stable foundation.
 Phase II: Foundations

▪ Foundation Design: The foundation is designed based on soil

Phases of testing and site conditions. Different types of foundations, such
as shallow (e.g., strip, pad) or deep (e.g., piles), may be used
Construction depending on the project's needs.

▪ Foundation Construction: The actual construction of the

foundation, which provides support for the entire structure.
Proper foundation work is critical for the structural integrity of
the building.
 Phases of
Construction
Phase III: Superstructure

▪ Structural Framing: This

phase involves constructing
the building's skeleton, which
includes the columns, beams,
and other structural elements.
It sets the framework for the
entire building.

▪ Floor and Roof Systems:

Flooring and roof systems are
installed to provide functional
spaces within the building.
This includes the installation
of concrete slabs, steel
decking, or other materials.
 Phase IV: Façade

▪ As each section of Superstructure is completed, the building facade

components are added to form what is considered the “envelope” of the
building.
Phases of
Exterior Finishes: The façade phase focuses on the exterior appearance
Construction ▪ of the building. This includes installing materials like bricks, glass,
siding, and architectural features that give the building its aesthetic
appeal.

▪ Weatherproofing: It's important to ensure the building is protected

from the elements. This phase may include the installation of weather
barriers, insulation, and sealants.
 Phase V: Interior Construction

Phases of ▪ Interior Walls and Partitions: The interior construction

phase involves installing walls and partitions to divide the
Construction space into rooms and functional areas.

▪ Finish Work: This includes adding finishing touches such as

flooring, ceilings, doors, windows, and interior fittings like
cabinets, countertops, and fixtures.
 Phase VI: Commissioning

▪ Systems Integration: Commissioning involves ensuring that all building

systems, such as HVAC, electrical, plumbing, and security, are installed and
Phases of integrated properly. They are tested to verify they work as intended.

Construction ▪ Functional Testing: Each aspect of the building is thoroughly tested to

confirm that it functions correctly and meets the design and safety
standards.

▪ Occupancy and Handover: After successful testing and inspections, the

building is ready for occupancy. The project is then handed over to the
owner or end user, and all necessary documentation is provided.
Detailed Construction Process Video
List of construction activities
• Site take over
• Site cleaning
• Setting out
• Control points and benchmarks
• Setting out for footings
• Bore well digging
• Arrangement material for brickwork
• Temporary Shed construction for accommodation and storage
The application of sumps and ditches within an
• Soil digging for sump excavation is one of the elementary method of
dewatering employed in construction. The
• Sump construction water entering these installed units can be
• Soil digging for foundation pumped out. The general procedure of
dewatering with sumps and ditches is depicted
• Foundation Termite treatment in the figure-1.
List of construction activities
• Arrangement of material for concreting and its mix design
• Start carpenter/steel work — for window frames and door frames
(Chowkets)
• Footing or Pillar base
• Wall/Pillars up till Plinths
• Plinth beam
• Vertical DPC & Bitumen on inside of walls/plinth beams uptill plinth
• Setup kitchen ventilators for exhaust fans or bathroom ventilators, if
needed
• Leveling of walls, Bearing plaster on walls, double layer of building paper
and curing
• Shuttering for beams and roof
• Fix shuttering steel plates/sheets
• Apply plaster for the gaps between sheets
• Apply oil for sheets
 List of construction activities
• Bar bending work for beams and roof
• Material arrangement for concreting
• Electric conduits, fan boxes and junction boxes setup and services
ducts inside slab concrete
• Arrangement for concrete machine, lifts and chutes
• Concreting for slab and beams
• Continuous curing and removal of shuttering sides and repairs if
needed
• Brickwork on first floor (if in design)
• Parapet wall
• Over head water tank
• Roof insulation
• Boundary Wall and gate pillars
 List of construction activities
• Rainwater pipes
• Electric conduits
- Clear any blockage in the roof conduits
- Laying electric conduits in the walls and setup electric boxes
• Plumbing work for kitchen and bathrooms
• Setup water pipes and waste /soil pipes till outside of the wall
• Pressure tests for plumbing and waste pipes
• Water proofing for bathrooms
• Close all water and sewage pipes with temporary caps
• Internal and external plaster work
• Setup kitchen platform and wardrobe shelves
• Temporary electric connection for technicians / grinding etc
• Tiles laying in bathroom and kitchen walls
• Plastering of roof and interior walls
 List of construction activities
• Electric earthing under floor from distribution box to lawn/green
area
• Floor compaction and under layers
• Plastering of outside walls
• Floor terrazzo/ tiling with skirtings
• Tile laying in floors and walls
• Fixing bathroom fixtures
• Finishing outside plumbing work and tank including gas work
• Distempering on ceiling and interior walls
• Window grills and mosquito/wire meshes
• Wood work, kitchen cabinets, door fixing, curtain rails,
architraves and wardrobes
List of construction activities
• Painting
• Window glazing
• Electric work
• Electrical wiring
• Dummy plate fixing/ electrical holders
• Electrical switches setup
• Electric fitting/fixtures
• Bath fittings and kitchen gas fittings
• External sewerage and manholes
• Plinth protection/sidewalk
• Apply weather shield paint coating on exteriors
• Laying electric service wire from pole to meter board
• Electric earthing pit and installation
• Electric connection, circuit breaker & fixing meters in panel board.
• Motor & connection to tank
List of construction activities
• Driveway, ramp and Parking tiles
• Floor polishing
• Site clearance and Lawn development
• Final Checking for services/utilities
• Handing over of the house
 1. Foundation, 2. Plinth, 3. Walls and columns,
Elements of a 4. Sills, lintels and shades, 5. Doors and
Building windows, 6. Floors, 7. Roofs, 8. Steps, stairs and
lifts, 9. Finishing work, 10. Building services.