1.

List at least 5 models of educational change and innovation

1. The K-12 Basic Education Program

The K-12 Basic Education Program is a significant reform effort implemented in

the Philippines in 2013. The program adds two years of high school to the existing
six-year elementary program, making it a 12-year basic education cycle. The goal
of the K-12 program is to improve the quality of education in the Philippines and
to make it more aligned with international standards.

2. The Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum

The Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) is a new curriculum that was
implemented in the Philippines in 2016. The BEC is designed to be more student-
centered and to focus on 21st-century skills. The BEC also includes a greater
emphasis on critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity.

3. The DepEd-Google Partnership

The DepEd-Google Partnership is a collaboration between the Department of

Education (DepEd) and Google that aims to improve the quality of education in the
Philippines through the use of technology. The partnership includes a number of
initiatives, such as the development of online learning resources, the provision of
training for teachers on how to use technology in the classroom, and the creation of
a Google for Education Center in the Philippines.

4. The Teach for the Philippines Program

The Teach for the Philippines Program is a fellowship program that recruits and
trains college graduates to teach in high-need public schools in the Philippines. The
program aims to address the shortage of qualified teachers in the Philippines and to
improve the quality of education in these schools.

5. The Citizen Schools Program

The Citizen Schools Program is a non-profit organization that partners with public
schools in the Philippines to provide students with additional academic support and
enrichment activities. The program aims to help students succeed in school and to
prepare them for college and careers.

These are just a few of the many educational change and innovation models being
implemented in the Philippines. The best model for a particular school or district
will depend on the specific circumstances and needs of that organization.

2. Discuss the main characteristics of each model or approach

There are many different models and approaches to curriculum design. Some of the
most common include:

● Traditional curriculum: This model focuses on the transmission of

knowledge from the teacher to the student. The curriculum is typically
organized by subject area, and students are expected to master a set of
predetermined content standards.
● Constructivist curriculum: This model emphasizes student-centered learning.
Students are encouraged to construct their own knowledge through active
engagement in learning activities. The curriculum is typically organized
around themes or problems, and students are given a great deal of freedom
to choose how they will learn.
● Experiential curriculum: This model focuses on learning through experience.
Students are encouraged to learn by doing, and the curriculum is typically
organized around real-world problems or challenges.
● Problem-based learning: This model focuses on solving problems. Students
are presented with a problem to solve, and they work collaboratively to find
a solution. The curriculum is typically organized around a series of
problems, and students are given a great deal of freedom to choose how they
will solve the problems.
● Project-based learning: This model focuses on completing projects. Students
are given a project to complete, and they work collaboratively to complete
the project. The curriculum is typically organized around a series of projects,
and students are given a great deal of freedom to choose how they will
complete the projects.

Each of these models has its strengths and weaknesses. The traditional curriculum
is effective for teaching basic knowledge and skills, but it can be less effective for
engaging students and promoting creativity. The constructivist curriculum is
effective for engaging students and promoting creativity, but it can be less effective
for teaching basic knowledge and skills. The experiential curriculum is effective
for teaching students how to apply knowledge in real-world settings, but it can be
less effective for teaching basic knowledge and skills. The problem-based learning
curriculum is effective for teaching students how to solve problems, but it can be
less effective for teaching basic knowledge and skills. The project-based learning
curriculum is effective for teaching students how to work collaboratively and
complete projects, but it can be less effective for teaching basic knowledge and
skills.

The best curriculum model for a particular school or classroom will depend on the
needs of the students and the goals of the school. Schools that want to emphasize
basic knowledge and skills may want to use a traditional curriculum. Schools that
want to engage students and promote creativity may want to use a constructivist
curriculum. Schools that want to teach students how to apply knowledge in real-
world settings may want to use an experiential curriculum. Schools that want to
teach students how to solve problems may want to use a problem-based learning
curriculum. Schools that want to teach students how to work collaboratively and
complete projects may want to use a project-based learning curriculum.

In addition to the models and approaches listed above, there are many other ways
to design a curriculum. The best approach will depend on the specific needs of the
students and the goals of the school.

3. Discuss the relationship among the models

The relationship among the models and approaches of the curriculum is complex
and multifaceted. There is no one-size-fits-all answer, as the best approach will
vary depending on the specific needs of the students and the goals of the school.
However, some general observations can be made.

● Traditional curriculum is typically based on a transmission model of

learning, in which the teacher is the primary source of knowledge and the
student is the passive recipient of that knowledge. This model is often seen
as being less effective for engaging students and promoting creativity, but it
can be effective for teaching basic knowledge and skills.
● Constructivist curriculum is based on a constructivist model of learning, in
which students are actively engaged in the process of constructing their own
knowledge. This model is often seen as being more effective for engaging
 students and promoting creativity, but it can be less effective for teaching
basic knowledge and skills.
● Experiential curriculum is based on an experiential model of learning, in
which students learn by doing. This model is often seen as being more
effective for teaching students how to apply knowledge in real-world
settings, but it can be less effective for teaching basic knowledge and skills.
● Problem-based learning is based on a problem-based learning model, in
which students are presented with a problem to solve. This model is often
seen as being more effective for teaching students how to solve problems,
but it can be less effective for teaching basic knowledge and skills.
● Project-based learning is based on a project-based learning model, in which
students are given a project to complete. This model is often seen as being
more effective for teaching students how to work collaboratively and
complete projects, but it can be less effective for teaching basic knowledge
and skills.

In addition to the models and approaches listed above, there are many other ways
to design a curriculum. The best approach will depend on the specific needs of the
students and the goals of the school.

It is important to note that the models and approaches listed above are not mutually
exclusive. In fact, many schools and classrooms use a combination of different
models and approaches. For example, a school might use a traditional curriculum
for teaching basic knowledge and skills, but use a constructivist curriculum for
teaching students how to apply knowledge in real-world settings.

The most important thing is to choose a curriculum that is appropriate for the needs
of the students and the goals of the school.

4. Which curriculum model is commonly used in the Philippines?

The most commonly used curriculum model in the Philippines is the K-12
curriculum. It was implemented in 2013 and aims to provide students with a more
holistic and relevant education. The K-12 curriculum covers 12 years of basic
education, divided into six years of elementary school and six years of high school.
It includes a wider range of subjects than the previous curriculum, and it
emphasizes the development of 21st-century skills such as critical thinking,
problem-solving, and creativity.
The K-12 curriculum is based on the following principles:

● Holistic development: The curriculum aims to develop students' physical,

intellectual, social, and emotional well-being.
● Relevance: The curriculum is designed to be relevant to the needs of
students and the demands of the 21st-century workplace.
● Flexibility: The curriculum allows for different learning styles and needs.
● Sustainability: The curriculum is designed to be sustainable in the long term.

The K-12 curriculum has been met with mixed reactions. Some educators have
praised it for its focus on 21st-century skills and its more holistic approach to
education. Others have criticized it for its length and for the additional costs it has
placed on families.

Despite the criticisms, the K-12 curriculum is a significant improvement over the
previous curriculum. It provides students with a more comprehensive and relevant
education, and it prepares them for the challenges of the 21st century.

In addition to the K-12 curriculum, there are a number of other curriculum models
that are used in the Philippines. These include:

● The Understanding by Design (UbD) model: This model focuses on helping

students understand the big ideas in a subject area.
● The Project-based Learning (PBL) model: This model focuses on having
students learn by doing.
● The Inquiry-based Learning (IBL) model: This model focuses on having
students learn by asking questions and investigating.

The choice of curriculum model depends on the specific needs of the students and
the school. However, all of these models have the potential to provide students
with a high-quality education.