University of Cebu - Main Campus

Sanciangko St., Cebu City

A Comparison Study on Fresh Danggit and

UNIVERSITY OF Pusit’s Retail Performance During COVID and
CEBU - MAIN
CAMPUS Pre-COVID Situation
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE
IE (METHODS OF RESEARCH) IN THE DEGREE PROGRAM
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

By:
Cabido, Cheamberes
Efren, Regel T.
Piansay, Kenneth Kyle A.
Tisoy, Annette

Submitted to:
Engr. Jellie Anne E. Villanueva
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the researchers wish to extend our sincerest and heartfelt gratitude to the
people who supported and helped us to make this research paper successfully done.

To begin with, we would like to show our warmest gratitude to Almighty Father
who guided and led us through the way, for giving us strength and courage to
continue this paper despite the disappointments encountered along the way.

We thank our parents who wholeheartedly provided us with their unfailing

support and full encouragement throughout the process of this research paper.

Moreover, we are also immensely grateful to our Methods of Research adviser,

Engr. Jellie Anne E. Villanueva, for imparting her pearls of wisdom to us during the
course of this research and for providing insights which help improved our research
paper that we will always value to face our future research endeavors.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our deepest gratitude to the retail store owner of Fresh Danggit and Pusit
Cebu, Mr. Jowel Ferrer, the only significant respondent of our study who gave some
of his time to answer our questions and approved to use the business records and
data of revenue and cost relevant to our study.

Finally, to all our family and friends who were with us throughout, we are truly
grateful for giving off their helping hand and support in overcoming obstacles that we
have been facing through our research.

THE RESEARCHERS
 ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has affected all operations and livelihood globally. The
COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown has created a sharp downturn in
the industry that disrupted the economy’s growth. The effects of the pandemic
became visible in food supply chains very quickly, and the range of available
products changed. The main objective of this study is to compare and document the
retail performance during Covid and Pre-Covid situation, 2019 to 2021, of Fresh
Danggit and Pusit Cebu which is located in Urgello, Cebu City. This study used
research-made interview questionnaire to gather data needed to accomplish the
study. In interpreting the data quantitatively, the researchers will be basing on the
Annual Sales Revenue and Total Annual Cost formula to determine whether or not
the retail incurred profit or loss before and during pandemic.
 ABSTRACT
Based on the findings, the study revealed that the retail performance of Fresh
Danggit and Pusit remained significantly higher before and during COVID period
despite the change in the retail industry. Even though the pandemic corresponds to
rising costs, the annual revenue of the retail still rises as their current strategy is still
effective. The researchers conclude that environmental stimuli specifically the Covid-
19 pandemic or any disruptions may possibly affect businesses and may cause
downturn in the industries depending on how the business owners handle the
situations, how flexible they are in adapting the rapid changes and the strategies and
approach they are applying to changing situations in order to maintain their business
and enhance performance effectivity.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Sheets ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures vi
Title
Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS RESEARCH DESIGN
Introduction
Rationale of the Study 1
Theoretical Background 3
The Problem
Statement of the Problem 5
Statement of Hypotheses 6
Significance of the Study 7
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Research Methodology
Flow of the Study 10
Research Participant 10
Research Instruments 11
Research Procedure 11
Statistical Treatment of Data 12
Definition of Terms 13
Chapter 2: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Output of the Study
Chapter 3: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary 21
Findings 21
Conclusion 22
Recommendations 23
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY 25
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Pictures / Documents 28
Appendix B: Letter 31
Appendix C: Interview-based Questionnaire 32
CURRICULUM VITAE 33
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title
1 Research Flowchart 9
2 Sales Revenue Bar Graph 16
3 Total Cost Bar Graph 17
4 Pie Chart Revenue Percentage for 2019 - 2021 18
5 Cost Percentage for 2019 - 2021 19
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Rationale
The coronavirus (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-COV-2 and was first
discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around
the world. The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious pandemic as it continues to cause death and long-
term effects on health that continue existing until today. The pandemic has provoked serious social
and economic disruption globally, including strict social distancing, travel restrictions, and one of the
largest global recessions since the Great Depression (Wheelock, 2020).

The COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown has created a sharp downturn in the
industry that has disrupted the supply chain globally. Kenton (2022) defines supply chain as a network
between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer.
This network includes different activities, people, entities, information, and resources. The supply
chain also represents the steps it takes to get the product or service from its original state to the
customer. Companies develop supply chains so they can reduce their costs and remain competitive in
the business landscape.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Rationale
During the beginning of the global outbreak in March 2019, supply chain (SC)
management has had major problems to cope with an unpredicted demand for certain
products when simultaneous restrictions for travel and production have been enforced and is
still struggling to recover from this (Mazareanu, 2020). Demand structure changed
drastically.

The effects of the pandemic became visible in food supply chains very quickly, and the
range of available products changed. As with many other goods, the equilibrium between the
demand and supply of perishable goods (have limited shelf-lives), mostly food and
beverages, was disrupted. Retailers have always had to sell such products before their
expiration dates (Golwelkar, 2020). Early in the pandemic, some companies and retails were
forced to close down, and, due to restrictions in the movement of people and goods, the
effectivity of retail performance rates decline.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Rationale
This study provides comprehensive research to compare the retail performance
during Covid and Pre-Covid situation, 2019 to 2021, of the retail Fresh Danggit and
Pusit Cebu, Urgello Cebu City. It also comprehends how retailers use responsible
procurement and management to protect and enhance their performance effectivity.
This contribution takes into account a wide range of issues, including the Institutional
and legitimacy theories (Sarkis, Zhu and Lai, 2011; Donaldson and Preston, 1995),
Hence, it discusses about the regulatory forces on market issues and describes the
changing roles of consumers, industry peers, retails, and media in their endeavor to
safeguard socially responsible and sustainable practices in the retail industry, most
especially during Covid-19 situation.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Rationale
As the researchers progress to their aim, this study can suggest a better
strategy using the data against the declining effectivity of retail performance due to
COVID-19. Moreover, the goal of this study is to help retailers adapt to a more flexible
strategies thorough this data. Thus, in fulfilling this study, the researchers will conduct
an interview on the Fresh Danggit and Pusit retail store to compare data from their
supply flow during and pre-covid situation to determine the effectivity of their
performance. The results will be interpreted and solutions can be made possible for
action. Conclusions and recommendations will be presented as the study progresses.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Theoretical Background
This study is anchored on emergent theories which are closely relevant to the researchers’
study. What follows is the set of theories that are well established in the supply chain and it is
useful to consider their application as it offers ideas that can help scholars build knowledge
about pandemics' effects on retail industries as well as help managers formulate responses.

According to Pfeffer and Salancik (1978), in Resource Dependence Theory, firms rely
on other actors in their environment for vital inputs like materials, labor, and cash. As a result,
RDT is a natural fit for supply chain research that could be applied to pandemics. Government
measures to mitigate the extent of a pandemic's effects will indirectly promote or limit the
movement of resources between enterprises, amplifying supply and demand extremes. As
power advantages migrate upstream, extreme swings in supply and demand will change power
dynamics inside supply chains.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Theoretical Background
DiMaggio & Powell (1983) stated that in Institutional Theory, businesses bend to
external influences in order to gain legitimacy. Legitimacy, in turn, is thought to make it
easier for a company to gain support from outside sources such as customers, suppliers,
and governments. The significance of institutional theory as a lens for analyzing supply
chain behavior during and after a pandemic stem from its emphasis on the formation and
death of legitimacy (Meyer & Rowan, 1977). Efforts to deal with the scope of a pandemic's
impacts will lead to mimicry in supply chain responses, as industry leaders’ actions become
readily accepted as legitimate. Widely accepted best practices will be set aside as firms
desperately respond to extreme shifts in supply and demand.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Theoretical Background
In accordance to research on population ecology, types of organizations survive or
perish based on a process of natural selection that is beyond their control (Hannan &
Freeman, 1977). This is in contrast to resource dependency theories, which are based on
purposeful adaptation. As populational ecology has progressed, the concept of structural
inertia has become increasingly important in understanding why many organizations are
unable to adjust to changing situations (Hannan & Freeman, 1984). Straightforwardly, some
firms cannot adapt and change enough to survive when conditions shift. In connection, tens
of thousands of restaurants were permanently closed due to COVID-19 (Maze, 2020).
Structural Inertia appears to hold promise as a lens to examine why some types of firm’s
fare better than others during and after pandemics. Groups of firms who cooperate may be
more likely to survive a pandemic than uncooperative ones. The scope of a pandemic's
impacts may be particularly troublesome for small firms and old firms who are slow to adapt.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Theoretical Background
In subsequence, Tversky & Kahneman (1986) asserted that Prospect Theory is well-
suited for understanding supply chain actions during and after pandemics since it focuses on
decision-making under uncertainty. Prospect theory is based on the idea that how a situation
is framed has an impact on how actors make decisions. When a situation is portrayed in
negative words, people are more likely to make risky decisions than when the situation is
described in positive ones. When all conceivable outcomes include losses, experimental
data show that supply chain managers will be risk-seeking and order more than the optimal
quantity, which is consistent with prospect theory (e.g., Schweitzer & Cachon, 2000).
Knowing that positive and negative framing will nudge supply chain managers toward
conservative and risky choices respectively, we expect that the best course of action is to
consider both frames when making a decision.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Theoretical Background

Chen (1996) established the Awareness–Motivation–Capability (AMC) paradigm to define,

explain, and forecast if and how a company would respond to a threat from the outside. According to
the idea, the likelihood and type of reactions are affected by a firm's awareness of a danger,
motivation to battle it, and ability to effectively oppose it. Given the seriousness of pandemics,
employing the AMC framework to illuminate solutions appears to be a natural application of the
theory. Firms with prior pandemic experience will be more aware of the consequences of a pandemic
and so more likely to respond. Individual businesses are driven to mitigate the worst effects of a
pandemic, but they are unlikely to have the necessary capabilities, which encourages competition.

The above-mentioned theories are significant examples which is significant to the study conducted by
the researchers. The researchers believe that these theories are especially important for pandemic-
affected retail stores.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to compare and document the retail performance of Fresh Danggit
and Pusit in Urgello Cebu, Philippines Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic. Specifically, this study
has the following objectives:

1. To gather data of existing information, cash and product flow of the retail from 2019-2021
(during and pre COVID-19 Situation);
2. To determine the different approaches applied by the retail to adapt to an environmental
stimulus (Pandemic);
3. To compare all the data gathered and present its interpretation using a quantitative approach
to easily determine the differences in the yearly performance of the retail during and pre COVID-
19 situation; and
4. To explicate the quantitative data yielded for comprehension, and to conclude the overall data
of the study.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Statement of Hypotheses
In subsequence, the results of the problem studied on Fresh Danggit and Pusit Cebu retail can
be hypothesized and anticipated through the following alternative and null hypotheses:

Alternative Hypotheses (Ha)

1. Retail performance is affected by the effects of the pandemic.
2. Retail performance before pandemic is higher compared to its performance during pandemic
3. Retail performance during 2019 is higher than the retail performance in 2021. However, retail
performance in 2021 is higher than the retail performance in 2020.

Null Hypotheses (H0)

1. Retail performance is not affected by the effects of the pandemic.
2. There are no significant changes in retail performance before and during pandemic.
3. Retail performance during 2019, 2020, and 2021 is constant.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Significance of the Study

The discoveries of this study will contribute to the benefit of the retail industry on the
knowledge of the changes in retail performance before and during COVID situation in Cebu.
Specifically, this is regarded useful to the following:

Small Business Institutions. This study may serve as their tool to learn and gain
perception on how they can adapt a new plan of action and adjust to changing situations like
the COVID-19 pandemic in order to survive in their own small businesses when conditions
shift. This study is beneficial for small business institutions for it allows them to establish
programs and advocacies regarding adaptability and flexibility in changing conditions.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Significance of the Study

Retailers. This study will help retailers adapt to the changing external environment
caused by the pandemic. Retailers are the primary benefactors of this study as it will
suggest a better strategy against the declining effectivity of retail performance due to
COVID-19 which may be apply to any other kind of economic disruptions. The results
presented in this study will give them knowledge on how to respond to extreme shifts in the
industry. Moreover, this study will encourage the retailers to be globally competent and
productive despite the changing situations.

Customers. Through this study, the customers will be able to understand the changing
prices of goods and services. It will enlighten them on how the COVID-19 situation affected
not only to the workers but also to the business owners. This will widen their understanding
knowing how this pandemic creates a sharp downturn in the industry.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Significance of the Study

Future Researchers. This study is pursuant to the future researchers as an instrument

that will guide them in discovering credible and reliable information that will be serve as their
reference for further knowledge and understanding. The result of this study can be used for
future discussions as they conduct a study which is similar in nature.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
No
START Recheck, paraphrase & Contents
Proofread approved?
Presentation of Discuss the summary,
Prospect for concepts the treated findings, conclusions
and Propositions Yes data analyzed & recommendations
Start for the research
methodology Create letter to
Conceptualize conduct study Attach research
Treatment of the data
prospected bibliography,
Start for the Problem gathered/collected
proposition design appendices and CV.
of the Study No
Formulate research Letter
topic from the Input of data
proposition design Start for Introduction
approved?
collected
FINISH
of the study
No Yes
Prepare research
Topic Yes Research for related instruments (e.g. Interview respondent Research
approved? literature for data gathering
questionnaires, audio Flowchart
recorder, etc.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Flow of the Study
This study employs the quantitative research approach in which numerical data are used to
obtain the comparison in the yearly performance of Fresh Danggit and Pusit in Urgello Cebu,
Philippines during and pre-Covid-19 situation, specifically the existing information on cash and
product flow of the retail from 2019-2021. This being said, the researchers will be using an interview-
based questionnaire in order to gather the desired information. The researchers deeply respect the
confidentiality of the data in the said retail store. Thus, the researchers first secured a permission
letter in keeping the data as confidential and only present the relevant data. In interpreting the
gathered data, the researchers will be basing on the Annual Sales Revenue and Total Annual Cost
formula to determine whether or not the retail incurred profit or loss before and during pandemic.

Furthermore, the researchers selected only one significant respondent for this study. Thus, the
researchers used non-probability sampling specifically the purposive-convenience sampling since
only the retailer of Fresh Danggit and Pusit is deemed fit to participate and at the same time, can
conveniently provide the needed data for this study to one of the members of this study.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Participant
The participant of this study will be the retailer of Fresh Danggit and Pusit retail
store, located in Urgello, Cebu City, through purposive-convenience sampling. The
participant is purposively selected since it falls under the retails who are affected by the
pandemic, and that the participant also has a direct link with one of the researchers,
thus, making it convenient for both parties. The researchers’ target retailer is
knowledgeable enough with the information needed for the study.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Instrument

In this study, the researchers will use a researcher-made interview questionnaire

to gather data needed to accomplish the study. Moreover, a recorder will also be
utilized to assure accuracy and will serve as a useful gadget to record statements that
the respondent will mention, in such a way that there will be no information left out. In
the preparation of the instrument, the confidentiality of the retailer involved will be our
outmost priority, thus a letter of consent will be given beforehand. Questions made will
be purely for research purposes only and does not intend to ruin or embarrass the
business involved. In addition, the instrument will be validated by the researcher’s
instructor to ensure that its content will be on course to the study.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Procedure

In conducting the study, the researchers will submit a letter of consent to the
retailer of Fresh Danggit and Pusit for the use of confidential data to be analyzed in the
study. Then, the researchers will construct a qualitative interview-based questionnaire
as a guide in collecting data from the retailer. The researchers will also prepare a voice
recorder in conducting the interview so that all information from the retailer will be
recorded for accuracy and authenticity of the data to be gathered. In progression, the
data gathered will be analyzed with the help of Sales Revenue and Total Cost formula,
and will be presented quantitatively through bar graphs, tables, and solutions. Lastly,
the researchers will make a formal contemplation after the treatment of the data,
conclusions and recommendations will be achieved.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers interpreted the data quantitatively using the following:

Use of Sales Revenue Formula

The researchers can solve the revenue performance of the retail from 2019,
2020, and 2021 using the formula Sales Revenue = No. of units sold x Average price. Using
and treating the data from 2019 to 2021 of the retail, the researchers can compare the
revenue performance of the respective years. This, in turn, can help the researchers identify
the performance of the retail from each year.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Statistical Treatment of Data
Use of Total Cost Formula
Utilizing the total cost formula can help the researchers identify which year did the retail
yield the most cost in the business. The formula for total cost is = total fixed cost + total variable cost.
Solving for the costs and comparing them each year can help both researchers and the retailers to
identify which year incurred costliest and what strategy was best used in order to maintain
consistency and optimization.

Use of Percentage
The percentage of 2019, 2020, and 2021 total revenue and costs would be made
separately using the same formula. The formula for percentage is = (value/Total value) x 100%. The
significance in getting the percentage helps in identifying the ratio of which year incurred a high or low
percent in the overall revenue and cost from 2019-2021. This can ameliorate the bar graph making
process.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Statistical Treatment of Data

Use of Bar Graph

Employing the use of graphs can help the researchers summarize the data
into a bar display, simplifying the treated data into a more comprehensible report. Since
the researchers need to analyze both data of revenue and cost from 2019-2021, the
researchers will display two bar graphs.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally and conceptually defined such as:
Annual Cost – Refers to the total expenses incurred by a retail in a year.

Annual Sales Revenue – Refers to the total of income generated by the sales of
goods of a retail in a year.

Cost – Refers to the expenses incurred by a retail.

COVID-19 – Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the

SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has affected all operations and livelihood globally.
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S RESEARCH DESIGN
Definition of Terms
Purposive-Convenience Sampling – A non-probability sampling method in which the participants are
purposively selected based on their significance for the study. At the same time, the researchers can
easily access/contact the participant, which makes the process convenient.

Retail – the sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than
for resale.

Retailer – a person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or
consumption rather than for resale.

Retail Performance – refers to how well the retail operated in terms of its income and its incurred cost.

Revenue - refers to the income generated by the sales of good of a retail

 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data collected by the researchers which comprised the
profile of the retail and the environment, bar graphs for the revenue and cost, pie charts
of the cost and revenue percentage for 2019-2021, and also the interpretation and
discussion of data.

Fresh Danggit and Pusit Cebu, is a retail owned by Mr. Jowel Ferrer. The said
retail sells a variety of dried fish, not limited to danggit and pusit. It is situated in Urgello
St. Cebu City, near Southwestern University PHINMA. Since the retail is owned
through sole proprietorship, the researchers selected the retail owner as the
respondent through purposive judgement.
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The data gathered were mostly from computerized records of Fresh Danggit and
Pusit, and was provided by the retail owner during the research interview. However,
some follow up questions were asked by the researchers with the use of an interview-
based questionnaire. For accuracy of data gathered, voice recorders were utilized in
order accrue audio data and use the audio data during the interpretation. From the data
gathered, the researchers adjudicated that the significant data suited to determine the
performance of the retail before and during Covid situation are the revenue and costs
bolstered by the retail within 2019, 2020, and 2021. Ensued from the said judgement,
the researchers then decide to use the formulas for the total revenue and cost in
treating the data. The researchers also decided to employ bar graphs and pie charts in
order to present the data in an orderly manner.
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Figure 2. Sales Revenue Bar Graph

 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Total Revenue 2019-2021

= 1,440,000 + 1,860,000 + 2,160,000
= 5,460,000

The bar graph above illustrates the estimated annual revenue from the year 2019,
2020 and 2021 of the retail Fresh Danggit and Pusit, located at Urgello, Cebu City. In
2019, year before the COVID-19 pandemic exist, the estimated revenue is 1.4 million
pesos which becomes 1.8 million pesos in 2020, year when the COVID-19 arises and
lockdown started in Cebu City. The estimated revenue almost doubled its value from
the year 2019 to year 2021 which is 2.1 million pesos. Overall, we can see the upward
trend in the revenue of the retail store, Fresh Danggit and Pusit. It shows how their
business grows consistently in each year despite the COVID-19 outbreak.
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Figure 3. Total Cost Bar Graph

 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
2019 = (60,000 + 18,000) + (78,000 + 300,000)
= 78,000 + 378,000
= 456,000
2020 = (84,000 + 18,000) + (90,000 + 360,000)
= 102,000 + 450,000
= 552,000
2021 = (192,000 + 18,000) + (10,200 + 420,000)
= 210,000 + 552,000
= 732,000

Total Cost 2019-2021

= 456,000 + 552,000 + 732,000
= 1,740,000
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

A business won’t happen without sacrifices of monetary instances. With this in

mind, the researchers also collected all the expenses of the retail store and computed
its total cost. The previous bar graph shows the increase of revenue each year and as
the revenue increases, the expenses of the business also increase as well as shown in
the bar graph of the total cost of the year 2019, 2020 and 2021. The year 2019 has
less total cost which is 456,000 pesos compared to the year 2020 and 2021. The total
cost of 552,000 pesos is in the year 2020. And the total cost of year 2021 has risen to
732,000 pesos. To add all the cost of the year 2019 to 2021, it reached 1.7 million
pesos.
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Figure 4. Pie Chart Revenue Percentage for 2019-2021

 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

2019 = (1,440,000 / 5,460,000) x 100% = 26.37 %

2020 = (1,860,000 / 5,460,000) x 100% = 34.07 %
2021 = (2,160,000 / 5,460,000) x 100% = 39.56 %

The pie chart shows breakdown of the percentage of the revenue for the year
2019, 2020 and 2021. The revenue for the three consecutive years as shown on the
1st bar graph is divided to the total revenue which is 5,460,000.00 pesos then multiply
by 100% to get the revenue percentage each year. As shown, the year 2021 has the
highest revenue percentage which is 39.56%, followed by 34.07% in the year 2020
then the revenue percentage in 2019 is 26.37%. This means that the retail store, Fresh
Danggit and Pusit, is doing well in their business as the revenue increases each year.
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Figure 5. Cost Percentage for 2019-2021

 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

2019 = (456,000 / 1,740,000) x 100% = 26.21 %

2020 = (552,000 / 1,740,000) x 100% = 31.72 %
2021 = (732,000 / 1,740,000) x 100% = 42.07 %

The pie chart shows information of the cost percentage from the year 2019,
2020, and 2021. To get the cost percentage each year, the computed total cost of the
three consecutive years as illustrated on the 2nd bar graph is divided to the overall cost
from 2019-2021 that reached 1,740,000 pesos then multiply by 100%. From the pie
chart, 2019 has only 26.21% for its cost percentage, then it increases to 31.72% in the
year 2020 and it amplify again in 2021 which becomes 42.07%. It is noticeable that the
proportion for 2021 is almost half of the pie which means that the cost each year is
increasing as the business continuously running and blooms.
 CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

As you can observe, despite the COVID-19 outbreak in the whole world, Fresh
Danggit and Pusit stay running their business and make it prosper more. There are
businesses that losses and force to shut down. On the other hand, there are also
businesses that continually rising and gaining like the retail store, Fresh Danggit and
Pusit, located at Urgello, Cebu City. They make advantage of the online marketing
which majority of the people are into online shopping and buying during the lockdown
as it restricted the people from going outside their houses. The retailer does not
consider the COVID-19 as the hindrance not to operate their business but instead the
retailer makes it as an opportunity to make their business prosper which can be shown
in the data presented above through bar graphs and pie charts.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers’ objective in this study was to investigate the retail

performance of Fresh Danggit and Pusit in Urgello, Cebu City for 2019, 2020, and
2021. This study also aimed to know the retail’s currently used strategy and how it
affects their overall cost and revenue performance.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The research team decided to have a comprehensive study that analyzes the
implications of annual revenue and total cost of a retail company before COVID and
during the COVID surge. The researchers wanted to know how big was the impact of
this pandemic in the business industry. Ever since the pandemic started, businesses
around the globe have fluctuating sales due to difficulties such as obtaining raw
materials and selling products in a physical store. The new normal that people have
been adjusting to, specially to the business industry, is the online platform of selling
goods to the public. With this, we expected our chosen retail store to have good sales
review before widespread of the virus and have a poor result during the outbreak.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Findings
Based on the gathered and interpreted data, the study revealed that the retail performance of
Fresh Danggit and Pusit remained significantly higher before and during COVID period despite the
change in the retail industry. Much to the expectations of the researchers, the results clearly showed
the opposite outcomes than the hypothesized results of the researchers in Chapter 1. The retail has
shown otherwise as they are still constantly performing well in terms of revenue. The latter is due to
the retail already having a flexible online marketing strategy even before the pandemic, which in turn
helped the retail gain a larger scope and build good rapport with their customers before the pandemic
struck. With the said strategy being implemented by the retailer before the pandemic happened, they
have already gathered a good number of regular customers for the retail. As the pandemic has
started, the retail still carried out efficiently as they were the ones to directly contact their regular
customers and market their products to them. This means data from this study suggests that the retail
did not succumb to the change that the pandemic has imposed. As a result, even though the
pandemic corresponds to rising costs, the annual revenue of the retail still rises as their current
strategy is still effective.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

The research group expected the chosen retail business to have a massive
number of sales in year 2019 since it is the time before COVID. During the COVID
situation, we expected their sales to fluctuate. Our first null theory was proven wrong
basing on the data accumulated. The retail performance is not affected by the effects of
the pandemic. Rather, their sales rose through the years, which is the main goal of any
business establishments. Therefore, not all companies experience difficulties during
the pandemic. Some companies have risen and our chosen retail store is an example.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

The study shows that if the current retail performance is consistently maintained,
it will have a tremendous effect annually in terms of revenue. In that case, the retail
store will continue to achieve its goals and objectives, which is to make the company
grow and prosper. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, applying the retail’s online
marketing strategies helped the retail business in promoting their products, establishing
and building relationships more effectively, targeting specific verticals or niches, and
catching up with more customers. As a result, the business will run more efficiently and
effectively even with the rising costs.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations
During the gathering of data through interview, the business owner mentioned that as their
company got known, they gained more sales. As the research team visited their site where all the
works are done, it was patent that the workplace is small. The employees find it hard to move and that
their products are being stacked due to limited space. What the researchers can recommend is that
the retailer would need to consider a bigger place for the employees to improve their work efficiency.
The welfare of the employees is as important as the quality of the products they produce. Companies
must consider if the people under them are comfortable in their work environment to avoid any
complaints as time goes by. Also, since the products they sell are dried fish, the pungent smell can be
very unpleasant specially to their neighboring buildings. We suggest once they have a bigger space
for their workers, they’ll also consider that place to be away from much people. The company can
invest into buying an air purifier or a machine that can eradicate the pungent scent of dried fish being
inhaled by the people within the vicinity, as this can also be identified as health hazard. With this,
employees will not be forced to close their building and only have a small opening to let the air in,
enough for them to breathe.
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations

While also gathering data, the researchers found it slightly hard to categorize the
given data as the retailer lost most of their computerized audit when their gadget had
broken down. Thus, the researchers suggest to keep detailed records in hard drives or
online storage drives so that important data may still be recovered. This is significant
as annual audits helps business owners know where the business stands financially
and what potential problems it may face.