Outline

 Introduction to Operating System

 Goals

 Features

 Types

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Introduction to Operating System
 An Operating System (OS) is a system software that
manages computer hardware, software resources, and
provides common services for computer programs.
 Operating system is an interface between computer hardware
and users to control all the executions of the computer
system.
 The primary purposes of an OS are to enable applications
(software) to interact with a computer's hardware and to
manage a system's hardware and software resources.

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Introduction to Operating System (Cont…)

Fig. 1: Generic architecture of OS

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Goals
 Efficient Use: Ensures efficient use of computer resources.

 User Convenience: Provides convenient and user-friendly

methods of using computer system.

 Non-Interference: Prevents interference in the activities of

its users.

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Features
 Process management
 Memory management
 Input and output device management
 File management
 Network management
 Security and protection
 Job accounting
 Error detection aids
 Coordinating between other software
 Control over system performance 6
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Types
 Batch OS: This type of OS does not interact with the computer directly.
There is an operator that takes similar jobs having the same requirement
and group them into batches.
 Time-Sharing OS: Each task is given some time to execute, so that all
the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets the time of CPU as they use a
single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems.
 Distributed OS: This OS allows the distribution of entire systems on the
couples of center processors, and it serves on multiple real-time
products, as well as multiple users. All processors are connected by valid
communication mediums.

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Types (Types)
 Network OS: These systems run on a server and provide the capability
to manage data, users, security, applications, and other networking
functions.
 Real-Time OS: These types of OSs serve real-time systems. The time
interval required to process and respond to inputs is very small. They are
used, when there are time requirements that are very strict like missile
systems, air traffic control systems, robots, etc.
Hard Real-Time Systems: These OSs are meant for applications,
where time constraints are very strict and even the shortest possible
delay is not acceptable.
Soft Real-Time Systems: These OSs are for applications, where for
time-constraint is less strict.
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Types (Cont…)
 Embedded OS: An embedded OS is a specialized OS for embedded
systems. It aims to perform with certainty specific tasks regularly that
help the device operate. An embedded OS often has limited features and
functions.
 Multiprogramming OS: Here, a job pool is maintained. CPU selects
one job out of all these waiting jobs, brings it from the job pool to main
memory and starts executing it. The processor executes one job until it is
interrupted by some external factor or it goes for an input/output task.
 Multiprocessing OS: A multiprocessing OS can support the execution
of multiple processes at the same time. It uses multiple number of CPUs.
It is expensive in cost. However, the processing speed is fast. It is
complex in its execution.
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Comprehensive Examination 12/6/2022

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Slides are prepared from various sources,

such as Book, Internet Links and many
more.

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