CHAPTER 2

Methods

This chapter presents the methods of the study including research design,
research locale, population and sample, research instruments used to
measure constructs of interest, data collection procedures, and statistical
tools.

Research Design
The purpose of the research design is to provide the plan for answering
research questions. These questions can result in research driven bv a
researcher's curiosity or interest in a theoretical question (LoBiondo-Wood,
G., & Singh, M. D. 2014). Quantitative reseach design was used in this study.
According to Ahmad, S., et Al. (2019),Quantitative research is a form of
research that relies on the methods of natural sciences, which produces
numerical data and hard facts. It aims at establishing cause and effect
relationship between two variables by using mathematical, computational and
statistical methods. Therefore, these measures enable researchers to perform
statistical tests, analyze differences between groups, and determine the
effectiveness of treatments (Hagan, 2014).

In this research, non-experimental design was used. Non-experimental

studies are purely observational and the results intended to be purely
descriptive (Thompson, C. B., & Panacek, E. A. 2007). According to
Weisburd, D. (2010),The predominance of non-experimental designs is often
attributed to the difficulties that researchers encounter in trying to implement
randomized studies. therefore, Non-Experimental study designs describe
existing phenomena without manipulating conditions to affect subjects’
responses and there are no manipulations of an independent variable.
Investigates current status of something, the way things are or were
(Radhakrishnan, G. 2013). This research investigated the E-Service Quality
and Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Social Networking Usage of
Netizens in Babak District.Survey was also used because it involves
respondents and questionnaires to provide quantitative answers to the
questions related to the variables.
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