Student Book Answers
CC4a Elements and the periodic
table
6th 1 relative atomic masses (atomic weights),
chemical properties
7th 2 Mendeleev swapped the positions of
iodine and tellurium in his table to suit
their properties better; so iodine was in
the same row as chlorine, bromine and
iodine; with similar chemical properties.
6th 3 U; uranium
7th 4 copper, silver and gold; appear twice; in
brackets
7th 5 Mendeleev predicted its properties;
using his periodic table; these were very
close to gallium’s properties.
S1 Elements were placed in order of increasing
relative atomic mass; the order of elements
was swapped if that meant elements with
similar properties were next to each other;
the table had gaps for elements not then
discovered; the table was used to make
predictions about the properties of elements
not then discovered.
E1 Mendeleev used the latest atomic weights; he
broke the order of increasing atomic weight
if that meant elements with similar properties
were next to each other; he left gaps for
elements not then discovered; he used his
table to make predictions about the properties
of elements not then discovered.
E2 The later discovery of elements with properties
similar to those he had predicted using his
table; e.g. gallium, scandium, germanium and
polonium.
Exam-style question
Two from the following for 1 mark each:
• his table had gaps/it was not complete
• there was no evidence that more elements
would be discovered
• no reason for arranging elements in order
of atomic weight (relative atomic mass)
• he changed the order of some elements
• predictions could not be backed by
evidence at that time
• he put metals and non-metals together.
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CC4b Atomic number and the
periodic table
7th 1 The group 0 elements are inert/very
unreactive; they are all gases so difficult
to see; they do not form compounds for
chemists to analyse.
7th 2 Mendeleev’s atomic numbers were just
positions on his periodic table; Moseley’s
atomic numbers are the number of
protons in the nucleus.
6th 3 Te 128; I 127
8th 4 The atomic number of tellurium is less
than the atomic number of iodine; the
properties of tellurium are similar to
(other) group 6 elements; the properties
of iodine are similar to (other) group 7
elements; tellurium reacts with oxygen
but iodine does not; iodine reacts with
water but tellurium does not; the formula
of H2Te matches the formulae H2O, H2S
and H2Se; the formula of HI matches the
formulae HF, HCl and HBr.
7th 5 Metals are on the left; non-metals are on
the right; zig-zag boundary starting at B–
Al–Si.
8th 6 The element in the gap had not yet been
discovered; the graph does not show the
data for this element.
S1 They are arranged in order of increasing
atomic number; periods are rows with elements
with increasing atomic number; groups are
columns with elements with similar properties.
E1 The modern periodic table is arranged in order
of increasing atomic number; periods are rows
with elements with increasing atomic number;
groups are columns with elements with similar
properties; metals on the left; non-metals
on the right; inert gases in group 0 on the
right; metal/non-metal boundary is a zig-zag
line starting at B–Al–Si; elements can be in
reverse order of relative atomic mass (e.g. Te/I,
Ar/K); transuranium elements are in period 7;
period 1 has two elements; periods 2 and 3
have eight elements; periods 4 and 5 have 18
elements; there is a jump between Z = 57 and
Z = 72; there is a jump between Z = 89 and
Z = 104.
 Student Book Answers
Exam-style question Exam-style question
a Ar–K/argon and potassium (1) They both have the same number of electrons in
Elements in period 7 have uncertain relative their outer shell. (1)
atomic masses so should not be included in an They both have two electrons in their outer shell. (2)
answer.
Cobalt and nickel show pair reversal if their
relative atomic masses are given to 1 decimal
place (58.9 and 58.7).
b They would be in the wrong groups/they would
be in the wrong period/they would not be with
similar elements. (1)

CC4c Electronic configurations

and the periodic table
7th 1 the arrangement of electrons; in shells;
in an atom
9th 2 There are 11 electrons; the shells cannot
hold this number; the first shell can hold
two electrons; the second and third
shells can hold eight electrons.
8th 3 Count the number of electrons in the
diagram; add up the numbers in the
written electronic configuration; this sum
should be equal to the atomic number
(the number of protons in the nucleus).

8th 4 2.8.5

8th 5 They all have the same number of

electrons; one electron; in their outer
shell.

9th 6 They have the same number of

occupied shells; three shells; so they are
both in period 3.

S1 Use the atomic number; to determine the

number of electrons; up to two electrons in the
first shell, up to eight electrons in the second and
third shells, write out the numbers separated by
full stops; draw circles for the shells; number of
circles is equal to the number of numbers, draw
dots or crosses; to represent each electron.

E1 Use the atomic number; to determine the

number of electrons; up to two electrons in
the first shell, up to eight electrons in the
second and third shells, write out the numbers
separated by full stops; draw circles for the
shells; number of circles is equal to the number
of numbers, draw dots or crosses; to represent
each electron; the number of occupied shells
is equal to the period number; the number
of electrons in the outer shell is equal to the
group number; except for group 0; where the
outer shell is full.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2016. Copying permitted for

purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
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