GE 4

Quiz No. 2
Problem Solving and Reasoning
I: Use inductive reasoning to Predict the next number in each list and continue the
sequence of numbers until you reach to the last number and find the number after the
last number.
1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ………….28, ____?

● The pattern is adding 2 to each number: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ... The next number is
12 + 2 = 14.
● 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 , 29.

2. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …….. 610, _________?

● This sequence is derived from the Fibonacci sequence. Each number is the sum
of the two preceding ones: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... The next number is 8 + 13 =
21.
● 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610 , 987.

3. 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ………..120, .._______?

● In this sequence, each number is increasing by 5 more than the previous one: 0,
3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ... The next number is 35 + 5 = 40.
● 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, 63, 80, 99, 120, 147.

4. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ……..2,048, _________?

● This sequence doubles with each step: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... The next number is
64 x 2 = 128.
● 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1,024, 2,048
5. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ………3,375, _________?

● In this sequence, each number is a perfect cube (n^3): 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ... The
next number is 6^3 = 216.
● 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1,000, 1,331, 1,728, 2,197, 2,744, 3,375,
4096.

II: Use the given nth term formula to compute the eight terms of the sequence.
6. an = 2-n
● For n = 8, a8 = 2^-8 = 1/256

7. an = ( - 1 )n+1 n2
● For n = 8, a8 = (-1)^(8+1) * 8^2 = (-1)^9 * 64=-64

𝑛2−1
8. an = 𝑛
( note: That is n2 – 1 )

● For n = 8, a8 = 8^2 - 1 = 64 - 1 = 63

9. bn =n(n+1)
● b8 = 8(8+1)=134217728

10. bn = (- 1) ( n2 – n + 7 )

● For n = 8,

b8 = (-1)^(812 - 8 + 7) = (-1)^64 -8+ 7) = (-1)^(63)

III: Analyze the Problem properly and show your complete solution.
11. Each of four siblings (Edwin, Cora, Rowena and Rachel) bought four different cars.
One chooses a Honda, a Mitsubishi, a Toyota and a Suzuki car. From the following
clues, determine which sibling bought which car.
a) Edwin, living alone, stays next door to his sister who bought the Honda car
very far from his sister who bought the Suzuki car.

● Edwin can't have bought the Honda because he stays next door to his sister who
did.
● Edwin also can't have bought the Suzuki because it's very far from his sister who
bought it.
● This means Edwin bought either the Mitsubishi or the Toyota.

b) Cora, also living alone, is younger than the one who bought the Mitsubishi car
and older than her sibling who bought the Toyota car.

● Cora can't have bought the Mitsubishi car because she is younger than the one
who bought it.
● Cora can't have bought the Suzuki (which is remaining) because that car isn't
mentioned in this clue.
● This means Cora bought either the Honda or the Toyota.

c) Rowena did not like Toyota and Suzuki cars. But she and sibling, who bought
the Toyota car, live in the same house.

● Rowena didn't buy the Toyota or Suzuki car.

● Rowena also can't have bought the Mitsubishi car (Edwin or Cora will have it).
● This means Rowena bought the remaining car, which is the Honda.

Now, let's piece it together:

● Edwin bought either the Mitsubishi or the Toyota.

● Cora bought either the Honda or the Toyota.
● Rowena bought the Honda.
● We have one car left, which is the Suzuki.

Let's figure out the final car assignments:

Since Rowena bought the Honda and Cora can't have bought the Honda or Suzuki,
Cora bought the Toyota. This leaves the Mitsubishi for Edwin. And the Suzuki is left for
Rachel.

So, the car assignments are:

● Edwin: Mitsubishi
● Cora: Toyota
● Rowena: Honda
● Rachel: Suzuki

12. An airline flies from Manila to Davao with a stopover in Cebu. It charges a fare of
Php 1,800 Manila to Cebu and a fare of Php 3,500 from Manila to Davao. In one flight, a
total of 180 passengers boarded the plane in Manila and the collected fare totaled Php
494,000. How many passengers got off the plane in Cebu?

● Let's use a system of linear equations to solve this problem.

● Let M represent the number of passengers from Manila to Cebu and D represent
the number of passengers from Manila to Davao.
● We have two pieces of information:
● The total number of passengers: M + D = 180 passengers.
● The total fare collected: 1800M + 3500D = 494,000 PHP.

Sol.

M = 180 - D

1800(180 - D) + 3500D = 494,000

324,000 - 1800D + 3500D = 494,000

1700D = 494,000 - 324,000

1700D = 170,000

Now, divide both sides by 1700 to solve for D:

D = 170,000 / 1700

D = 100

So, there were 100 passengers from Manila to Davao. To find the number of
passengers who got off the plane in Cebu (M), use the equation M = 180 - D:
M = 180 - 100

M = 80

Therefore, 80 passengers got off the plane in Cebu.

13. In 2016, December 25 fell on a Sunday. On what day of the week does Christmas
fall in 2025? Note that the year 2020 and 2024 are both leap years.

calculate the number of days between December 25, 2016, and December 25, 2025
and then find the remainder when dividing by 7 (since there are 7 days in a week). You
need to account for leap years, which add an extra day in February.

From 2016 to 2020, there are 4 years, and 2 of them are leap years (2016 and 2020),
so there are 4 x 365 + 2 x 366 = 7,306 days.

From 2020 to 2025, there are 5 years, and 1 of them is a leap year (2024), so there are
5 x 365 + 1 x 366 = 1,826 days.

Now, add these two periods together: 7,306 + 1,826 = 8,132 days.

Now, find the remainder when dividing 8,132 by 7:

8,132 ÷ 7 = 1,161 with a remainder of 5.

So, there are 5 extra days beyond a whole number of weeks. Starting from Sunday in
2016, if you add 5 days, you will arrive at Friday. Therefore, Christmas in 2025 will fall
on a Friday.

14. If it is now 10:00 A.M., what time is it 1,000 hours from now?

● Start with the current time, 10:00 AM.

● Add 1,000 hours to it.

Since there are 24 hours in a day, you can calculate how many days are in 1,000 hours
by dividing 1,000 by 24:

1,000 hours ÷ 24 hours/day = 41 days and 16 hours.

So, 1,000 hours from now, it will be 10:00 AM + 41 days and 16 hours, which is still
10:00 AM on the same day.
15. If today is Thursday, what day is it 500 days from now?

● Start with the current day, which is Thursday.

● Add 500 days to it.

Since there are 7 days in a week, you can calculate how many weeks are in 500 days
by dividing 500 by 7:

500 days ÷ 7 days/week = 71 weeks and 3 days.

Now, add the 3 days to Thursday:

Thursday + 3 days = Friday, Saturday, Sunday.

So, 500 days from today (Thursday), it will be Sunday.

16. Find a counterexample to show that the conjecture (x + y)2 = x2 + y2 is false.

● To find a counterexample for the conjecture (x + y)^2 = x^2 + y^2, we need to

identify values of x and y that make the equation false.

Let's choose x = 2 and y = 3:

Left side of the equation: (x + y)^2 = (2 + 3)^2 = 5^2 = 25

Right side of the equation: x^2 + y^2 = 2^2 + 3^2 = 4 + 9 = 13

So, (x + y)^2 = 25, but x^2 + y^2 = 13.

Since 25 is not equal to 13, this serves as a counterexample that disproves the
conjecture (x + y)^2 = x^2 + y^2.