1.

) Simplify:
Solution

Answer:

2.) By how much is 3 – 1/3 greater than 2 and 1/2?

Solution

Subtracting the two results, we have

.
Answer:

3.) Write 9/20000 in scientific notation.

Solution

can be written as .

Since and ,

Answer:

4.) What is the product of three consecutive multiples of 5 if the middle number is n?
Solution
If is a multiple of 5 and the middle number of the three numbers, then the other numbers are and .

So, the product is .

Answer: .

5.) If water pours into a tank at a rate of 100 liters per minute, at what rate is the tank being filled in kiloliters per
hour?
Solution
100 liters/minute 60 minutes per hour = 6000 liters per hour
6000 liters per hour = 6 kiloliters per hour.

Answer: 6 kiloliters per hour

6.) Subtract the sum of and from .

Solution
.

Answer:
7.) Simplify .
Solution
Simplifying we have,

The expression further simplifies to

Answer: 22.5

8.) The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 1620 degrees. How many sides has the polygon?
Solution

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with angles is .

Answer: 11

9.) Simplify: .
Solution

10.) The sum of the two angles of a triangle is three times the third angle. What is the sum of the first two angles?

Therefore,
.

11.) Danny had some stickers. He gave 1/3 of the stickers plus 1 sticker to his brother. Then, he gave 1/3 of the
remaining stickers plus 4 stickers to his sister. Finally, he gave ½ of what remained plus 3 stickers to best friend. He
found that he had 4 stickers left. How many stickers did Danny have at first?
Solution
If we let = number of stickers
= number of stickers given to his brothers. If we subtract the stickers given to his brother, we have
(*)

which is the number of remaining stickers.

Now, Danny gave 1/3 of this remaining stickers plus 4 stickers to his sister. That is, he gave
 (#) stickers.

Now, subtracting the stickers given to her sister (#) from the remaining stickers (*), we have

(**).

Next, he gave 1/2 of the remaining stickers (**) and an additional 3. That is, he gave

(##).

Now, subtracting ## from **, we have

..

After this, only 4 stickers are left.

So, giving us .

Answer: 42

12.) What number is 2/5 of the way from – 3 to 5?

Solution
The distance between -3 and 5 is 8. So, (2/5)(8) = 16/5.
Now,

Answer: 1/5

13.) The number is divisible by 3. The number is . What digit does represent?
Solution
Since the number is divisible by 3, the number is divisible by 9. By the divisibility rules, a number is divisible by 9
if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. Therefore, must be divisible by . Now,
since is a 1-digit number, the only possible value for since and 27 is divisible by 9.
Therefore, .
Answer: 8

14.) What is the smallest positive integer that must be multiplied to 60 to get a perfect cube?
Solution
The prime factorization of 60 is . The smallest possible number that we are looking for is .

Therefore,

. Answer: 450
15.) Compute

Solution
Simplifying, we have

Now,

or .

Answer:

16.) What three-digit number is both a square of an integer and a cube of an integer?
Solution
The only numbers that will produce a 3-digit number when cubed are the numbers from 5 to 9. The only perfect square
among this numbers is 9. Therefore, the answer is . Note that its square root is 27.
Answer: 729

17.) Simplify

Solution

Answer: where (from the restriction in the original expression)

18.) If x is twice as far as -9 as it is from 3, what are the possible values of x?

Solution
The distance between -9 and 3 is 12. Now 2/3 (12) = 8 and -9 + 8 = -1. Therefore, the distance from -9 to 1 is twice that
distance from -1 to 3.

Also, if we let 3 be the center of the circle, we can draw a diameter from -9 to 15. Therefore, x = 15 is twice the length
from -9 than from 3.

Answer: x = 1, x = 15

19.) Sandra is 18 years older than Paulo. In 13 years, Sandra will be as twice as old as Paulo will be then. How old is
Sandra now?
Solution
Let x = age of Paulo
x + 18 = age of Sandra

In 13 years, Sandra will be twice as old as Paulo. That is,

2(x + 13) = x + 13 + 18

Simplifying, we have
2x + 26 = x + 31
x=5

So, Sandra is 5 + 18 = 23 years old now.

Answer: 23

20.) Which is bigger or ?

Solution
and .

Converting the exponents to similar fractions, we have

and .

Converting them back to radicals, we have

Since , .

Answer:

21.) The average of five numbers is 14. The average of the three of the numbers is 12. What is the average of the other
two numbers?
Solution
The average of five numbers is 14 means that their sum is 70. The average of the three of those numbers is 12 means
that their sum is 36. Now, 70 – 36 = 34 is the sum of the remaining two numbers. Their average is 34/2 = 17.

Answer: 17

22.) A sandwich costs p pesos. A cookie costs Php9 pesos less than a sandwich. How much more expensive are 8
cookies than 5 sandwiches?
Solution
8 cookies – 5 sandwiches = 8(p – 9) – 5p = 8p – 72 – 5p = 3p – 72.

Answer: 3p – 72

23.) Which values of x satisfy |2x + 1| = |2x – 9|?

Solution
2x + 1 = -(2x – 9)
2x + 1 = -2x + 9
4x = 8
x=2
Answer: 2

24.) A car leaves P at 8 AM and travels to Q at a constant speed. A bus leaves Q at 8:45 AM and travels to P at a speed
three times that of the car. If they meet at 10 AM, find the ratio of the distance traveled by the bus to the distance
traveled by the car when they meet?
Solution
Let x = speed traveled by the car
3x = speed traveled by the bus
The time traveled by the car from 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM is 2 hours.
The time traveled by the bus from 8:45 to 10:00 AM is 1 hour and 14 minutes or 5/4 hours. Since distance is the
product of the rate and the time, the ratio of the distance traveled by the car to the bus is

So, the ratio of the distance traveled by the car to the distance traveled by the bus is 8:15.

Answer: 8:15

25.) How many 3-digit numbers are multiple of 18?

Solution
The smallest 3-digit number that is a multiple of 18 is (18)(6) = 108.
The largest 3-digit number that is a multiple of 18 is (18)(55) = 990.
So, there are 55 – 6 + 1 = 50 numbers.

Answer: 50

26.) If the perimeter of the square is a 8x + 6, what is its area?

Solution
The side of a square with perimeter . The area of the square is .

Answer:

27.) Two vertical poles are 3 meters apart. Jack’s climbing one pole well Jill climbs the other. If the distance between
Jack and Jill is 5 m, how much higher is Jill than Jack?
Solution
By the Pythagorean Theorem, , , .
Answer: 4

28.) If the circumference of a circle increased by 20% how much is its area increased?
Solution
If we let C be the circumference of the circle and r be its D, then

If we increase the circumference by 20%, we have to multiply C by 1.2. That is,

.

Since 2 and pi are constant, we can only change r. That is, we multiply r by 1.2. Now, if we let the area of a circle be A,

So, the area increased by 0.44 or 44%.

Answer: 44%

29.) A camp director prepared enough food for 100 students for six days. If only 75 students came, how long when the
food supply last?
Solution
100/75 = x/6
74x = 600
x=8

Answer: 8 days
30.) How many two digit numbers are not divisible by four nor by five?
Solution
There are 90 two-digit numbers. There are 22 numbers that are divisible by 4 (divide 90 by 4 and get the integer
quotient).
There are 18 numbers that are divisible by 5 (divide 90 by 5 and get the integer quotient).
However, numbers which divisible by 20 were counted twice since they are both divisible by 4 and by 5. There are 4 of
them (divide 90 by 20 and get the integer quotient). In effect, there are 22 + 18 – 4 = 36 numbers that are either
divisible by 4 or 5

Therefore, there are 90 – 36 = 54 numbers that are not divisible by 4 nor by 5.

31.) If is a prime number not equal to 2, which of the following can be a prime:
, , .

Solution
All prime numbers not equal to 2 are odd. If is odd, then and are both even, while is odd.
Therefore, only can be a prime.

Answer:

32.) What must be added to the product of and to obtain ?

Solution
The product of and is .
Now, we subtract the result from .

Answer:

33.) If the greatest common divisor of two numbers is 12 and their least common multiple is 180, what are the possible
pairs of numbers?
Solution:
The product of the gcd and lcm of two numbers is equal to the product of the numbers. So, we need to examine the
factors of 12(180) = 2160 where the gcd is 12 and lcm is 180. We only have two pairs of such numbers, 12 and 180 and
36 and 60.

Answer: {12, 180} and {36, 60}

34.) Given a positive integer n, arrange the following from least to greatest:
,

Solution
Squaring all the expressions, it is easy to see that

The details are left as an exercise.

Answer: .

35.) What is the largest integer which is always a factor on the sum of three consecutive even integers?
Solution
Let , , and be three consecutive even integers. Their sum is . Therefore, 6 is
always a factor of their sum. Answer: 6
36.) If the sum of the first positive 100 integers is 5050, what is the sum of the next 100 integers?
Solution: The next 100 integers are 101, 102, 103, …, 200. That is, we add 100 to each one of the first 100 integers. In
effect, we added (100) (100) + 5050 = 15050.
Answer: 15050

37.) With what polynomial must be divided to get a quotient and a remainder
of ?
Solution
Consider dividing 12 by 7. We get a quotient of 1 and a remainder of 5. From this, we can form the equation, 12/7 = 1 +
5/7. In general, if we divide and get a quotient and a remainder of , we can have the equation
(1).

In the equation above, we are looking for the value for b, the divisor. Therefore, multiplying the equation in (1) by ,
we get , giving us . If we let , ,
and , substituting the values in (*), we get .

Answer:

38.) If leaves a remainder of when divided by , what is the remainder when is divided by ?
Solution

The modular inverse of is equal to since . This means that .

Multiplying by 8, we have . Therefore, .

Answer: 7

39.) Find the solution set: .

Solution
, ,
, , .

Answer: -8 or 14
40.) Compute:

Solution

Answer:
41.) Each square in the figure has side length 1. The curve each square is a circular arc with center at a corner of the
square. What is the area of the shaded region?

Solution: will be discussed in a separate post.

Answer: 8 square units

42.) What is the least common multiple of 168 and 420?

Solution
Left as an exercise.

Answer: 840

43.) A salesman receives a basic salary of Php10, 000 and a commission of 5% on all sales. Find his total sales in a
month when he earned Php25, 000?
Solution
10, 000 + .05x= 25, 000
0.05x = 15, 000
x = 300 000
Answer: Php 300, 000.00

44.) What is the absolute value of at ?

Solution

Answer:

45.) Find all real numbers for which (7 – x)/2 > (4x + 3)/4
Solution
Multiplying both sides by 4, we have

2(7 – x) > 4x + 3
14 – 2x > 4x + 3
11 > 6x
11/6 > x
x < 11/6

46.) For what values of x is (3x – 1)/4 < (2x + 5)/3?

Solution
Multiplying both sides by 12, we obtain

3(3x – 1) < 4(2x + 5)

9x – 3 < 8x + 20
x < 23

47.) Write an equation of the line through (-2, 3) and (1,4).

Solution

The slope of the line is m = (4 – 3)/(1-(-2)) = 1/3.

We use the point slope form. That is,

y – 4 = (1/3)(x – 1)

y – 4 = 1/3x – 1/3

3y = x + 11

y = (x + 11)/3

Answer: y = (x + 11)/3

48.) Solve for x and y: 7x – 3y = 23 and x + 2y = 13.

Solution
Multiplying x + 2y = 13 by -7, we have
-7x – 14y = -91 (*)
7x – 3y = 23 (**)
Adding (*) and (**), we obtain

-17y = -68
y = 4.
Substituting y to x + 2y = 13,
x + 2(4) = 13
x=5

49.) Pete is 12 years old and His grandfather 63 years old. And how many years we’ll be age be one fourth of his
grandfather?
Solution
Let x be the number of years to be added to both ages.
(1/4)(63 + x) = 12 + x
Multiplying both sides by 4,

63 + x = 48 + 4x
3x = 15
x=5
Answer: 5 years

50.) ABC has its coordinates at A(a, -1), B(8, -1), and C(5,4). If the base is twice the height, find a.
Solution
If we let AB be the base, then the height is the difference between y-coordinate of C and -1. That is, |4 -(-1)| = 5.

Now, |a – 8| = 2(5) = 10
a – 8 = 10
a = 18
-(a – 8) = 10
8 – a = 10
–a = 2
a = -2