†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

Types of Communication
2

e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b GK GK mg‡q wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b bvbv ai‡bi †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq| †Kv‡bv Kgx©‡K wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv
Avevi DaŸt¯Íb Kg©KZ©v‡K cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb BZ¨vw` Af¨šÍixY Kv‡R e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq& Avevi
mieivnKvixi KvQ †_‡K KuvPvgvj msMÖn Kiv, ev †µZv ev †fv³vi wbKU cY¨ weµ‡qi Rb¨ cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` Kv‡R
e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi evwn¨K eûwea e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GB
wewfbœZvi Kvi‡Y e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq| BDwbU `yB G PviwU cvV i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g cv‡V
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi P¨v‡bjmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq cv‡V e¨emvq †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`Iqv
n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq I PZz_© cv‡V Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n

cvV - 1 : ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi P¨v‡bjmg~n

cvV - 2 : e¨emvq ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`
cvV - 3 : Af¨šÍixY e¨emvq †hvMv‡hvM
cvV - 4 : evwn¨K e¨emvq †hvMv‡hvM
 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-2.1 †hvMv‡hv‡Mi P¨v‡bjmg~n

Communication Channels
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 †hvMv‡hv‡Mi P¨v‡bj Kx Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweav I mxgve×Zvmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡eb;
 AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweavmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡eb; Ges
 AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zvmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡eb|

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi P¨v‡bjmg~n
Communication Channels
eo ev †QvU †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b evZv© ev msev` Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Af¨šÍixY ev evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq| †h
ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvMB †nvK bv‡Kb
†hvMv‡hvM¸‡jv `yBwU P¨v‡b‡j n‡q _v‡K
‡hvMv‡hvM
(wPÎ 2.1)| GB P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i
cªwZwôZ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi
wfZ‡i D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZv©i KvQ †_‡K
wb‡`©kbv Avm‡Z cv‡i Avevi †Kv‡bv iKg
c×wZ e¨envi bv K‡iI ¯^vaxbfv‡e Z_¨ AvbyôvwbK P¨v‡b‡j AbvbyôvwbK P¨v‡b‡j
cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, ‡Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM †hvMv‡hvM
weµqKgx© Zvi mvßvwnK weµq cÖwZ‡e`b
e¨e¯’vc‡Ki Kv‡Q wjwLZfv‡e Rgv w`‡Z wPÎ 2.1: ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi P¨v‡bjmg~n
cv‡i| GB weµq cÖwZ‡e`b cÖwZôv‡bi
mKj weµqKgx© wbw`©ó KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡i ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K| GwU AvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i †hvMv‡hvM|
Avevi, e¨e¯’vcK cÖwZ‡e`bwU †c‡q ‡gŠwLKfv‡e mv‡_ mv‡_ Drmvn I †cÖiYv w`‡q weµqKgx©‡K Zvi Kg©`ÿZvi
Rb¨ mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖksmv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwU AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM|

1. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM
Formal Communication
cÖwZôv‡bi c~e© cÖwZwôZ wbqg, bxwZ, c×wZ BZ¨vw` AvbyôvwbKZv AbymiY K‡i †h †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K
AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i ev evwn¨K cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msMwVZ n‡Z
cv‡i| GKwU cÖwZôv‡b cÖwZwU wefvM GKwU Av‡iKwUi mv‡_ †bUIqvK© ˆZwi K‡i cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ KvR
K‡i _v‡K| msMV‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM wb¤œMvgx, DaŸ©Mvgx ev mgvšÍivjfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZôv‡bi
Af¨šÍ‡i ev evwn¨K cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM Kivi Rb¨ ‡gŠwLK, wjwLZ ev Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ e¨envi Kiv
nq| c×wZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q fvlY, ‡g‡gv, wb‡`©kbv, mfv, mgv‡ek, Kvh©fvi Ac©Y, msev`wjwc, evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b
BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ16

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

1.1. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweavmg~n

Advantages of Formal Communication
AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb wb‡¤œv³ myweav¸‡jv AR©b K‡i _v‡K-
1. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM n‡j msev` †cÖiK I MÖnxZvi g‡a¨ g‡bv‡hvM I m‡PZbZv m„wó nq I Zv e„w× cvq|
2. G ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vqx `wjj wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges fwel¨‡Z Gi msev` m~Î cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq e¨envi
Kiv hvq|
3. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Av`vb-cÖ`vbK…Z evZ©vi wbf©ikxjZv †ewk|
4. ‡h‡nZz mywbw`©ó wbqg-bxwZ I c×wZ e¨envi K‡i G †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq ZvB GLv‡b Z‡_¨i mZ¨Zv _v‡K I
Z_¨ weK…wZgy³ _v‡K|
5. AvbyôvwbK KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx G †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq e‡j DaŸ©Zb I Aa¯Íb‡`i g‡a¨ mnR I my›`ifv‡e Z_¨
I `vwqZ¡ n¯ÍvšÍi mnR nq Avevi evB‡ii cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_I Kvh©µg fv‡jvfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq I mym¤úK©
e„w× cvq|

1.2. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zvmg~n

Limitations of Formal Communication
1. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡M msMV‡bi KvVv‡gv I wbqgbxwZ †g‡b Ki‡Z nq e‡j A‡bK mgq †hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqv
†`wi nq, G‡Z mg‡qi AcPq nq|
2. G ‡hvMv‡hvM c~e©wbav©wiZ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i nq e‡j bgbxqZvi Afve _v‡K|
3. G ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡M AvbyôvwbKZv _v‡K e‡j KZ…©Z¡myjf AvPiY †ewk _v‡K hvi Kvi‡Y A‡bKmgq weiƒc
cÖwZwµqvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
4. AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq e‡j G ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡M A‡bKmgq AcÖ‡qvRbxq LiP enb Ki‡Z nq|

2. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM
Informal Communication
‡h ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡M c~e©wbav©wiZ †Kv‡bv wbqg-bxwZi AbymiY Qvov `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ ev c‡ÿi g‡a¨ evZv© ev
Z‡_¨i Av`vb-cÖ`vb N‡U Zv‡K AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i ev evB‡ii
wewfbœ c‡ÿi g‡a¨ msMwVZ n‡Z cv‡i| GBai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e †h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i|
AbvbyôvwbK ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM (Grapevine communication) GKwU cÖPwjZ †hvMv‡hvM
gva¨g| G‡ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, GKRb e¨w³ Av‡iK e¨w³‡K †Kv‡bv Z_¨ ev evZv© cÖ`vb Ki‡Q †Kv‡bv iKg wØav ev
evav QvovB| Avevi †`Lv hvq, GKRb e¨w³ K‡qKRb‡K GKB mv‡_ †Kv‡bv Z_¨ w`‡”Q Ges †mB Z_¨
¯^vfvweKfv‡e GKRb †_‡K Av‡iKR‡bi Kv‡Q P‡j hv‡”Q †Kv‡bviKg cÖ‡Yv`bv Qvov|

2.1. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweavmg~n

Advantages of Informal Communication
AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb wb‡¤œv³ myweav¸‡jv AR©b K‡i _v‡K-
1. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Av`vb-cÖ`vbK…Z evZ©vi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e nq AbvbyôvwbK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ17

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

2. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kgx©‡`i e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZ, gZvgZ, fv‡jvjvMv ev Lvivc jvMv BZ¨vw`
G‡K Aci‡K Rvbv‡bv hvq|
3. ‡Kv‡bv c~e© wbav©wiZ wbqg-bxwZ AbymiY K‡i GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM msNwUZ nq bv e‡j AbvbyôwbK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g A‡bK Kg mg‡q `ªæZ Z_¨ cÖPvi Kiv m¤¢e nq|
4. G †hvMv‡hv‡M †h‡Kv‡bv MwZ‡Z ev †h Kv‡iv mv‡_ †h †Kv‡bv mg‡q Z_¨ wewbgq Kiv m¤¢e nq|
5. G †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g `ªæZ djveZ©b/ cÖwZwµqv jvf Kiv hvq|

2.2. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zvmg~n

Limitations of Informal Communication
1. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡M Z_¨ ev evZv©i weK„wZ NU‡Z cv‡i hvi Kvi‡Y fzj †evSveywSi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
2. G ai‡bi †hvMv‡hv‡M †MvcbxqZvi Afve _v‡K e‡j ms‡e`bkxj ev ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨
AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM Kvh©Ki nq bv|
3. ‡Kv‡bv wbf©i‡hvM¨ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g bv nevi Rb¨ AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡M cÖK…Z Z_¨ AwZiwÄZ n‡Z cv‡i
Avevi cÖK…Z Z_¨ weK…Z n‡q AmZ¨ Z_¨ cÖPvwiZ ev wewbgq n‡Z cv‡i|
4. G ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡M evZv© ev msev` cÖPvi wbqš¿‡Y RwUjZv †`Lv hvq|
5. AwaKvsk mgqB GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wewbgqK…Z Z_¨‡K msev` m~Î wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|

mvims‡ÿc:
cÖwZôv‡bi c~e© cÖwZwôZ wbqg, bxwZ, c×wZ BZ¨vw` AvbyôvwbKZv AbymiY K‡i †h †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K
AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i ev evwn¨K cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM Kivi Rb¨
‡gŠwLK, wjwLZ ev Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM n‡j msev` †cÖiK I MÖnxZvi g‡a¨
g‡bv‡hvM I m‡PZbZv m„wó nq I Zv e„w× cvq| GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vqx `wjj wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges
fwel¨‡Z Gi msev` m~Î cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq e¨envi Kiv hvq| Avevi †`Lv hvq †h AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e¨env‡i
wKQz mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q †hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqv †`wi nq e‡j mg‡qi AcPq nq I bgbxqZvi Afve _v‡K| ‡h ai‡Yi
†hvMv‡hv‡M c~e©wbav©wiZ †Kv‡bv wbqg-bxwZi AbymiY Qvov `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ ev c‡ÿi g‡a¨ evZv© ev Z‡_¨i
Av`vb-cÖ`vb N‡U Zv‡K AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| AbvbyôvwbK ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM
(Grapevine communication) GKwU cÖPwjZ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g| G‡ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, GKRb e¨w³ Av‡iK
e¨w³‡K †Kv‡bv Z_¨ ev evZv© cÖ`vb Ki‡Q †Kv‡bv iKg wØav ev evav QvovB| A‡bK Kg mg‡q `ªæZ Z_¨ cÖPvi Kiv
m¤¢e nq; Avevi, AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kgx©‡`i e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZ, gZvgZ, fv‡jvjvMv ev Lvivc jvMv
BZ¨vw` G‡K Aci‡K Rvbv‡bv hvq| AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q fzj †evSveywSi m„wó
n‡Z cv‡i; cÖK…Z Z_¨ AwZiwÄZ n‡Z cv‡i Avevi cÖK…Z Z_¨ Avov‡j †h‡q AmZ¨ Z_¨ cÖPvwiZ ev wewbgq n‡Z
cv‡i; Avevi evZv© ev msev` cÖPvi wbqš¿‡Y RwUjZv †`Lv hvq|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ18

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

cvV-2.2 e¨emvq ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

Types of Business Communication
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb

 e¨emvq †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡eb|

e¨emvq †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

Types of Business Communication
mvaviYZ GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Ri aiY, AvKvi, AvqZb Ges kÖwgK-Kgx©‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i ‡hvMv‡hvM wewfbœ
iK‡gi n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi A‡bK mgq GKB cÖwZôvb‡K GKB mg‡q wewfbœ ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡Z cv‡i| GB mKj Kvi‡Y ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡Z cv‡i|
‡Kv‡bv e¨emvq msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b, wbqg-bxwZ cÖYqb I cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ e¨vcv‡i †h †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K
mvsMVwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| mvsMVwbK wel‡q †h †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv Kiv nq, Zv‡K mvsMVwbK †hvMv‡hvM
(Organizational communication) e‡j| Giƒc †hvMv‡hvM `jMZfv‡e Z_¨ wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g cÖwZwôZ n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr hLb GKRb e¨w³ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i mv‡_ wKsev GK`j Ab¨ †Kvb `‡ji mv‡_ mvsMVwbK †Kvb wel‡q
e¨emvq ‡hvMv‡hvM

Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM

MY †hvMv‡hvM
AvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj AbvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj

Dj¤^/ jvw¤^K †hvMv‡hvM cÖmvig~jK

Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM †hvMv‡hvM
wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM
DaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM
wPÎ 2.2: †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`
mgvšÍivj †hvMv‡hvM
Z_¨ wewbgq K‡i, ZLb H †hvMv‡hvM‡K mvsMVwbK †hvMv‡hvM ejv nq| G †hvMv‡hvM GKB cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ e¨w³
ev `j wKsev evB‡ii wewfbœ c‡ÿi mv‡_ msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| Avevi, †Kvb GKK e¨w³i g‡a¨ m‡PZb ev
m‡PZbfv‡e †h †hvMv‡hvM msNwUZ nq Zv‡K AvšÍte¨w³K †hvMv‡hvM (Intrapersonal communication) e‡j|
G‡ÿ‡Î e¨w³ wb‡R GKB mv‡_ Z‡_¨i †cÖiK I MÖvn‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| e¨w³i ms‡e`b m„wóKvix Bw›`ªq Zvi
gw¯Í‡®‹ msev` †cÖi‡Yi ci gw¯Í®‹ Zv‡K we‡kl Kvh© m¤úv`‡b DØy× K‡i _v‡K| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, hLb †Kvb
e¨w³ Aci e¨w³i `ytL-Kó †`‡L ZLb Zvi gw¯Í®‹ H wel‡q msev` MÖnY K‡i H e¨w³‡K `yt¯’ e¨w³i Rb¨ wKQz
Kivi ZvwM` †`q| e¨w³i g‡a¨ Gfv‡e †h †hvMv‡hvM msNwUZ nq Zv‡K AvšÍte¨w³K †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| AšÍte¨w³K
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vq e¨w³ Zvi cvwicvwk¦©K RM‡Zi DÏxcKmg~n n‡Z Zvi Av‡eM, Abyf~wZ, cÖ‡qvRb, ¯^cÖ‡Yv`bv,

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ19

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

cQ›`, AvKvsÿv, wkÿv, `ÿZv, AwfÁZv BZ¨vw`i Av‡jv‡K we‡kl †Kvb DÏxcK wPwýZ K‡i| Gici †m ‡mB
wel‡q AvšÍte¨w³K aviYv MVb I †m Abyhvqx Kvh© e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b †hvMv‡hvM‡K `yBwU cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq; Zv n‡jv Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM| GB `yB
ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK `yBwU P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œ e¨emvq †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
cÖKvi‡f` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

1. Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM (Internal Communication): e¨emvq msMVb KvVv‡gvi ga¨Kvi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ †h
‡hvMv‡hvM ev cÖwZôv‡bi †fZiKvi †hvMv‡hvM‡K Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM ejv nq| Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM Dj¤^,
mgvšÍivj, DaŸ©Mvgx, wb¤œMvgx ev †KŠwYK n‡Z cv‡i| Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© cvV 2.3 G we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM (External Communication): e¨emvq msMVb I evB‡ii Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ cÿ, e¨w³, ev
cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ fve ev evZv©i Av`vb-cÖ`vb msµvšÍ †Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM Kiv n‡j Zv‡K evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM
e‡j| †hgb- Pzw³cÎ, evwYwR¨K cÎ BZ¨vw`| evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© cvV 2.4 G we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM (Formal Communication): c~e©wbav©wiZ wbqg-Kvbyb AbymiY K‡i †h †hvMv‡hvM
Kiv nq Zv‡K AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|
4. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM (Informal Communication): hLb c~e© wbav©wiZ wbqg-Kvbyb AbymiY bv K‡i
nVvr K‡i ev Riæix cÖ‡qvR‡b †Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|
5. MY†hvMv‡hvM (Mass Communication): wewfbœ Ae¯’v‡b Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q GKB mv‡_ Awfbœ
msev` †cÖi‡Yi cÖwµqv‡K MY‡hvMv‡hvM e‡j|
6. cÖPvig~jK †hvMv‡hvM (Promotional Communication): e¨emv‡qi mybvg I c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wVK
ivLvi Rb¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖPvig~jK †hvMv‡hvM ejv nq|

mvims‡ÿc:

GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Ri aiY, AvKvi, AvqZb Ges kÖwgK-Kgx©‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i ‡hvMv‡hvM wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡Z
cv‡i| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM, evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM, AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM,
AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM, MY†hvMv‡hvM, mvsMVwbK †hvMv‡hvM, I cÖPvig~jK †hvMv‡hvM|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ20

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

cvV-2.3 Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM

Internal Communication
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 Dj¤^ †hvMv‡hvM Kx Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z wK eySvq Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 wb¤œMvgx ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨, c×wZmg~n I mxgve×Zv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb;
 EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡,c×wZ I Amyweavmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb; Ges
 mgvšÍivj I ‡KŠwYK †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡eb|
Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Concept of Internal Communication
cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i GK e¨w³i mv‡_ Ab¨ e¨w³i A_ev GK wefv‡Mi mv‡_ Ab¨ wefv‡Mi DaŸ©Zb ev Aa¯Íb
Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ mvsMVwbK wewfbœ wel‡q, bxwZgvjvi wel‡q A_ev cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM Kiv
n‡q _v‡K Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM ejv nq| wPÎ 2.3 †_‡K GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ai‡Yi Af¨šÍixY
†hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g GKB cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ e¨w³i g‡a¨ wewfbœ
mg‡q bvbv cÖ‡qvR‡b †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq | †hgb- ¯§viKcÎ, wb‡`©kbv eB, †Uwj‡dvb, B›UviKg, mvÿvrKvi,
K‡_vcK_b, cÖwZ‡e`b BZ¨vw`| e¨emvq msMV‡bi g‡a¨ wewfbœ c‡` Kg©iZ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM msMwVZ
nq Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM AvbyôvwbK, AbvbyôvwbK Avevi Dj¤^, mgvšÍivj n‡Z
cv‡i| Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡b DaŸ©Zb I Aatb¯’‡`i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡, Av‡`k, wb‡`©k, Dc‡`k,
civgk©, mycvwik Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g msMV‡bi mKj Kvhv©ewji g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Kiv nq|

e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK

mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK

(weµq) (evRviRvZKiY) (Drcv`b)

wefvMxq wefvMxq e¨e¯’vcK e¨e¯’vcK KviLvbv

e¨e¯’vcK e¨e¯’vcK(2) (weÁvcb) (cÖmvi) e¨e¯’vcK
(1)
wb¤œMvgx
DaŸ©Mvgx Kg©KZv© (1) Kg©KZv© (2)
mgvšÍivj
wPÎ 2.3: AvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM

o AvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM‡K PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- Dj¤^, wb¤œMvgx,
DaŸ©Mvgx I mgvšÍivj ‡hvMv‡hvM| wb‡P Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ21

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

D”P ¯Íi D”P ¯Íi 1. Dj¤^ †hvMv‡hvM

Vertical Communication
wb¤œMvgx ‡Kv‡bv msMV‡bi g‡a¨ DaŸ©Zb I Aa¯Íb‡`i g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM msMwVZ nq

Da٩Mvgx
Zv‡K Dj¤^ †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| G ai‡Yi Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM `yB ai‡Yi n‡Z
cv‡i (wPÎ 2.3):
wb¤œ ¯Íi wb¤œ ¯Íi K. wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM; Ges
L. DaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM|
wPÎ 2.3: Dj¤^ †hvMv‡hvM

K. wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM
Downward Communication
wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM n‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi †h †Kv‡bv Z_¨ D”P ¯Íi †_‡K wb¤œ ¯Íi ch©šÍ †cŠQv‡bvi cÖwµqv (wPÎ 2.4)|
wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqvq †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Z_¨ D”P¯Íi n‡Z ga¨¯Íi Ny‡i µgvš^‡q wb¤œ¯‡Í i †cŠ‡Q| A_v©r, †h
†hvMv‡hvM Dci n‡Z µgvš^‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K avweZ ev cÖevwnZ nq, Zv‡K wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| wb¤œMvgx
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wbe©vnx Zvi Aaxb¯’ Kg©x‡`i wbKU
cÖwZôv‡bi ‡h †Kv‡bv Z_¨, D‡Ïk¨vewj, bxwZ, cwiKíbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wm×všÍ cwiPvjK cl©`
†cÖiY K‡i _v‡K|
e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ (Objectives of Downward
Communication): wewfbœ Kvi‡YicÖwZôv‡b wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM Kiv mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK
nq| wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡M Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi DaŸ©Zb KZ„©cÿ KZ…©K
M„nxZ mKj wm×všÍmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ wefv‡Mi mKj Dc- mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK
Kgx©‡`i‡K wb‡`©k †`qv nq| cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq cwiKíbv, bxwZ,
c×wZ, Kg©m~wP BZ¨vw` wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wb¤œ¯Í‡ii Kg©x‡`i mnKvix mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK
AeMZ Kiv‡bv nq| wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Ri
g~j¨vqb K‡i Zvi mvdj¨ A_ev e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© Kg©x‡`i‡K Rvbv‡bv nq| wefvMxq e¨e¯’vcK
G‡Z Kg©xiv Kv‡R Drmvn I DÏxcbv cvq| cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨, bxwZ
BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Aa¯Íb Kg©x‡`i wbKU cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v- we‡kølY cÖ`vb mycvifvBRvi
Kiv Avek¨K| e¨e¯’vcbvi G jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ‡h aib
e¨envi K‡i Zv n‡jv wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM| cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœœ wefv‡M kÖwgK-Kg©x
wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ I KZ…©Z¡ eÈb Kiv nq| A_©vr, Kg©x‡`i
†K, Kx KvR Ki‡e Ges Zv‡`i `vq`vwqZ¡ Kxiƒc n‡e Zv wb¤œMvgx wPÎ 2.4: wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g eÈb K‡i †`qv nq| myZivs ejv hvq †h, GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi DaŸ©Zb I Aa¯Íb‡`i g‡a¨
Kvh©welqK †mZzeÜb n‡jv wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM| Gi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb mn‡RB
DwjøwLZ D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi c×wZmg~n (Methods of Downward Communication): wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
Z_¨ cwi‡ek‡b wfbœ wfbœ c×wZ e¨eüZ nq| wb‡¤œ G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
†gŠwLK c×wZ (Oral method) wjwLZ c×wZ (Written method) Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ (Other methods)
mvgbvmvgwb K‡_vcK_b, †Uwj‡dvb wPwVcÎ, ‡g‡gv, bxwZi weÁwß, ‡iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, wPý, MÖvd ev
evZv©, mfv, Kbdv‡iÝ, e³…Zv ÁvcbcÎ, wb‡`©wkKv BZ¨vw`| wPÎ BZ¨vw`|
BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ22

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

 †gŠwLK c×wZ (Oral Method): G c×wZ‡Z Aa¯Íb Kgx‡`i‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e hveZxq Av‡`k ev
wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nq| †QvULvU cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b Z`viwK ¯Í‡ii msL¨v LyeB Kg _v‡K Ges
mxwgZmsL¨K ev nv‡Z †Mvbv K‡qKRb Kgx© KvR K‡i †mLv‡b G c×wZ Abymib Kiv nq| G
c×wZ‡Z cÖavb wbe©vnx Aa¯Íb Kgx©‡`i‡K †W‡K G‡b mK‡ji mv‡_ Avjvc- Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K
KvR Kivi wb‡`©k †`q| ZvQvov, eo eo cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI cÖavb wbevnx B”Qv Ki‡j †h †Kv‡bv GK
ev GKvw`K Aa¯Íb Kgx©‡K †W‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e KvR Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡i|
 wjwLZ c×wZ (Written Method): wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AvbyôvwbK c×wZ n‡jv wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM|
G c×wZ‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡`k Aa¯Íb Kgx©‡`i‡K AewnZ Kiv nq| mvavibZ
cÖwZôv‡bi bxwZ, c×wZ, Kg©m~wP BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv wjwLZ AvKv‡i Kgx©‡`i‡K ÁvZ Kiv‡bv
nq| ZvQvov, cÖwZôvb m¤úwK©Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I Riæwi welq AvbyôvwbK P¨v‡b‡j‡`i AewnZ Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨I KZ©cÿ wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM c×wZ AbymiY K‡i _v‡K|
 Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ (Other Methods): wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖavb `ywU c×wZ wn‡m‡e †gŠwLK I wjwLZ
c×wZ e¨eüZ n‡jI A‡bK mgq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Pvÿzm ev `„k¨gvb, kÖeY- `k©b, Kvh©m¤úv`b,
bxieZv, AvKvi Bw½Z BZ¨vw` c×wZI e¨eüZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq|

 wb¤œMvgx ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zvmg~n (Limitations of Downward Communication):

e¨envwiK †ÿ‡Î wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ekwKQz Amyweav cwijwÿZ nq| †h mKj Kvi‡Y wb¤œMvgx
†hvMv‡hvM e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
 Aaxb¯’iv AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ Z_¨ MÖnY bv Ki‡j wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i|
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi bvbvwea ÎæwU-wePz¨wZi Rb¨ Kg©Pvix‡`i Kg©`ÿZv n«vm cvq| hvi Kvi‡Y wb¤œMvgx
†hvMv‡hvM KL‡bv KL‡bv djcÖm~ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq bv|
 A‡bK mgq wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM Am¤ú~Y© I A¯úó n‡Z cv‡i d‡j Aaxb¯’iv evZv© ev msev‡`i A_©
mwVKfv‡e ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡i bv| cieZ©x‡Z
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM GKZidv| Gi mv‡_ hw` ¯^ZtùzZ© djveZ©b‡K DrmvwnZ bv Kiv nq, Zvn‡j
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i|
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM A‡bK mgq ‡hvMv‡hvM MÖnxZvi wbKU A¯úó n‡q _v‡K| KviY, wb¤œMvgx
†hvMv‡hv‡M cÖvqkB DaŸ©Zb KZ©ve¨w³iv Av‡`k-wb‡`©k ev cwjwmi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib bv| d‡j, Giƒc
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î msev` ev Z‡_¨i cybte¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
 kÖwgK-Kg©Pvixiv mvaviYZ e¨e¯’vcbv‡K m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`‡L| e¨e¯’vcK‡`i †Kv‡bv Av‡`k-
wb‡`©k‡KB Zviv mnRfv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j, cÖwZôv‡b wek„•Ljv †`Lv †`q|
 wb¤œMvgx K‡hvMv‡hv‡M wej‡¤^i m„wó n‡j Kg©xiv Drmvn Ges Kg©¯ú„nv nvwi‡q †d‡j| d‡j, Kv‡Ri aviv
e¨vnZ nq|
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡M wbe©vnx‡`i †hvMv‡hv‡M A`ÿZv _vK‡j evZ©vMÖvnK‡`i g‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó
nq| G Ae¯’vq Dfqc‡ÿi g‡a¨ kÖ×vfve n«vm cvq| d‡j, e¨e¯’vcb I Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i
AebwZ N‡U|
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡M wbe©vnx‡`i †hvMv‡hv‡M A`ÿZv _vK‡j evZ©vMÖvK‡`i g‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó
nq| G Ae¯’vq Dfqc‡ÿi g‡a¨ kÖ×vfve n«vm cvq| d‡j, e¨e¯’vcbv I Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i
AebwZ N‡U|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ23

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi wewfbœ ¯Íi ¯úk© K‡i me©wb¤œ ch©v‡q †cŠQvq| ZvB, wewfbœ ¯Íi
AwZµg Ki‡Z †ek mgq e¨q nq| G‡Z Kv‡Ri avivI e¨vnZ nq|
 wewfbœ mvsMVwbK ¯Íi AwZµg K‡i wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM Kg©x‡`i wbKU †cŠQvq e‡j, cÖvqB †`Lv hvq
cÖK…Z †cÖwiZ Z‡_¨i wee„wZ NU‡Z| we‡kl K‡i G †hvMv‡hvM †gŠwLK n‡j G ai‡bi weK…wZ
wbwðZfv‡e N‡U _v‡K|
 wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡M Z_¨ ev msev‡`i cÖevn wejw¤^Z nq| d‡j, Kg©Pvix‡`i Drmvn, DÏxcbv I
g‡bvej n«vm cvq|

L. EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM
Upward Communication
†h †hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqvq msev` ev Z_¨vw` wb¤œ¯Íi †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq A_©vr, cÖwZôv‡bi Aa¯Íb Kg©Pvixiv
Zv‡`i EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZv©‡`i mv‡_ †h †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i, Zv‡K EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
gva¨‡g Aa¯Íb Kg©Pvixiv mvaviYZ Zv‡`i gZvgZ, civgk©, mycvwik, Awf‡hvM BZ¨vw` EaŸ©Zb‡`i Rvbv‡Z cv‡i|
 EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ (Importance of Upward Communication): AvaywbK e¨emvq RM‡Z
EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Kg©Pvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K bZzb bZzb e¨emvwqK aviYv jvf Kiv m¤¢e
nq| Gai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi we‡kl wKQz myweav wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU
Ab¨Zg †KŠkj n‡jv civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| G‡ÿ‡Î, †h †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi c~‡e© DaŸ©Mvgx
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g mswkøó‡`i gZvgZ wb‡q cieZ©x ch©v‡q M„nxZ cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq| EaŸ©Mvgx
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi mK‡ji gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv nq| cÖwZôv‡bi †h †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ MÖnY
Kivi †ÿ‡Î mK‡ji gZvgZ e¨vcK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| Gid‡j, msMV‡b mK‡ji mgš^‡q †hŠ_ wm×všÍ
MÖnY wbwðZ nq| GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv‡bi kÖwgK-Kg©x I e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ DbœZ m¤úK© cÖwZôvi
mnvqK| Gi gva¨‡g KZ©„cÿ kÖwgK-Kg©x‡`i wewfbœ mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ n‡q †m¸‡jv mgvav‡b AvšÍwiK
nq| Avevi, EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbvi cwiPvqK| KZ…©cÿ g~jZ mKj Kg©Pvixi mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Ges Zv‡`i gZvgZ MÖnY K‡i MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbvi wfwˇK m~`„p K‡i| g~jZ,
e¨e¯’vcbvi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i Kg©x‡`i Kg© m¤úv`‡b ¯^Ztù~Z© mvov cÖ`v‡bi Dci| Avi Kg©x‡`i Drmvn
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|

 EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi c×wZ (Methods of Upward Communication): †Kv‡bv msMVb ev cÖwZôv‡bi

wewfbœ wel‡q wb¤œ¯‡Í ii Kg©Pvixiv Zv‡`i EaŸ©Zb KZ…©c‡ÿi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _v‡K| Avi G
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi KvRwU Kg©Pvixiv wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| wb‡¤œ G ai‡bi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi D‡jøL‡hvM¨
K‡qKwU c×wZ †M‡j aiv n‡jv:
†gŠwLK c×wZ (Oral method) wjwLZ c×wZ (Written method) Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ (Other methods)
Kg©KZv©-Kg©Pvix mfv, ‡hŠ_ D‡Ïk¨ cÖZ¨ÿ wPwVcÎ, cÖwZ‡e`b, ‡g‡gv, †Lvjv `iRv bxwZ BZ¨vw`|
wbav©iY mfv, Awf‡hvM wggvsmv, civgk© I Awf‡hvM ev·, cÖkœgvjv
mivmwi †Uwj‡dvb, gZvgZ MÖnY c~iY BZ¨vw`|
mfv BZ¨vw`|
 EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Amyweavmg~n (Disadvantages of Upward Communication): EaŸ©Mvgx
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweavi cvkvcwk †ek wKQz AmyweavI i‡q‡Q| Gi Amyweav¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- EaŸ©Mvgx
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖavbZg mgm¨v n‡jv Aa¯Íbiv †h Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i cwiewZ©Z n‡q wfbœfv‡e D”Pc`¯Í Kgx©i
Kv‡Q †cŠ‡Q| Aa¯Íb Kg©x me©`vB KZ©„c‡ÿi mybR‡i _vK‡Z Pvq e‡j KZ©„cÿ‡K Avbw›`Z Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ24

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

†ÿ‡Î Zviv gbMov Z_¨ cwi‡ekb K‡i| G‡Z, mvgwqKfv‡e KZ©„cÿ‡K Lykx Kiv †M‡jI Zv cÖwZôv‡bi
Rb¨ ÿwZi KviY n‡q `uvovq| A‡bK mgq KZ…©cÿ DaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi evZ©v ev Z_¨‡K mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i
bv eis Awf‡hvM wn‡m‡e a‡i †bq| G‡Z Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ evZv© cÖ`v‡b Drmvn _v‡K bv|
2. mgvšÍivj †hvMv‡hvM
Horizontal Communication
mvaviYfv‡e †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefv‡M GKB c`gh©v`vq Kg©iZ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM msNwUZ nq,
Zv‡K mgvšÍivj †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| Giƒc †hvMv‡hvM cvi¯úwiK eySvcov Ges AvšÍtwefvMxq Kg©Kv‡Ûi mgš^qmva‡b
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| A_v©r †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ mgc`gh©`v m¤úbœ e¨w³iv hLb wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Z_¨vw`
Av`vb-cÖ`vb ev †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i, ZLb Zv‡K mgvšÍivj †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|
o Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM
Grapevine communication
AbvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i †h Af¨šÍixY †hvM‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM ejv nq| cÖwZôv‡bi
wewfbœ chv©‡q, wewfbœ e¨w³i g‡a¨ GB †hvMv‡hvM Qov‡bv _v‡K e‡j Gi bvg Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM (wPÎ 2.5)|
G‡ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, †Kv‡bv iKg evav QvovB cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb Kgx© Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ Z_¨ ev evZv© Av`vb cÖ`vb
Ki‡Q| e¨e¯’vcK‡K GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡M mZ©KZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| ‡h‡Kv‡bv w`‡K ev ‡h‡Kv‡bv ch©v‡qi
Kg©KZv© I Kg©Pvixi g‡a¨ GB †hvMv‡hvM n‡q _v‡K| ‡gŠwLKfv‡eB GB †hvMv‡hvM †ewk n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b
wewfbœ Z_¨ cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i GmGgGm (SMS) UzBwUs, (Twitting), P¨v‡Ui (Chat) gva¨‡gI wjwLZfv‡eI
†hvMv‡hvM n‡Z cv‡i|
e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK

mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK

(weµq) (evRviRvZKiY) (Drcv`b)

wefvMxq wefvMxq e¨e¯’vcK e¨e¯’vcK KviLvbv

e¨e¯’vcK e¨e¯’vcK(2) (weÁvcb) (cÖmvi) e¨e¯’vcK
(1)

wPÎ 2.5: AbvbyôvwbK P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i Av½yijZv †hvMv‡hvM Kg©KZv© (1) Kg©KZv© (2)

mvims‡ÿc:
e¨emvq msMV‡bi g‡a¨ wewfbœ c‡` Kg©iZ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM msMwVZ nq Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM
e‡j| Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM AvbyôvwbK ev AbvbyôvwbK Avevi Dj¤^ ev mgvšÍivj n‡Z cv‡i| Af¨šÍixY
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡b DaŸ©Zb I Aatb¯Í‡`i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡, Av‡`k, wb‡`©k, Dc‡`k, civgk©, mycvwik
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g msMV‡bi mKj Kvhv©ejxi g‡a¨ mgY¦q mvab Kiv nq| ‡Kvb msMV‡bi g‡a¨ DaŸ©Zb I
Aat¯Íb‡`i g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM msMwVZ nq Zv‡e Dj¤^ †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| GB ai‡Yi Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM wZb
ai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i: wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM; DaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM; Ges ‡KŠwbK †hvMv‡hvM| wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM
cÖwµqvq †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Z_¨ D”P¯Íi n‡Z ga¨¯Íi Ny‡i µgvš^‡q wb¤œ¯‡Í i †cŠ‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi Aa¯Íb Kg©KZ©vMY
Zv‡`i EaŸ©Zb KZ…©c‡ÿi mv‡_ †h †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i, Zv‡K EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| mvaviYfv‡e †Kv‡bv
cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefv‡M GKB c`gh©v`vq Kg©iZ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM msNwUZ nq, Zv‡K mgvšÍivj
†hvMv‡hvM e‡j| mvaviYfv‡e †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefv‡M wfbœ wfbœ mvsMVwbK chv©‡q †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZwôZ nq
ZLb Zv‡K †KŠwYK †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ25

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-2.4 evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM

External Communication
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨gmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ges
 Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Concept of Internal Business Communication
e¨emvwqK msMV‡bi mv‡_ cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii †Kvb c‡ÿi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM n‡j Zv‡K evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|
e¨emvwqK cÖ‡qvR‡b memgqB cÖwZôvb‡K evwn¨K wewfbœ cÿ †hgb- ‡µZv, †fv³v, wewb‡qvMKvix, mieivnKvix
BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡Z nq|

evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡

Importance of Internal Business Communication
e¨emvq msMV‡bi Kvh© m¤úv`b I jÿ¨vR©‡bi Rb¨ Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ mv‡_ evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wb‡¤œ Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
1. cÖwZôv‡b Drcvw`Z bZzb c‡Y¨i msev`, bZzb †mevi Lei, bZzb kvLv, c` k~Y¨Zv ev A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb
BZ¨vw` Z_¨ evwn¨K wewfbœ c‡ÿi Kv‡Q Rvbv‡Z evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM cÖ‡qvRb|
2. miKvix wefvMmg~n †hgbv- ïé KZ…©cÿ, AvqKi, jvB‡mÝ cÖ`vbKvix BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡R‡`i
¯^v_© iÿv I AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZvi Rb¨ evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|
3. mieivnKvix, eÈbKvix, LyPiv e¨emvqx, †µZv, †fv³v BZ¨vw` cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿvi gva¨‡g
e¨emvwqK m¤úK© a‡i ivLv|
4. evwn¨K wewfbœ cÖwZôvb hviv cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e e¨emvwqK Kg©Kv‡Ð RwoZ Zv‡`i mv‡_ evwn¨K
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi †gvK‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e|
5. cÖwZôv‡bi cÖmvi I BwZevPK fveg~wZ© AR©b I iÿv Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ mfv, mgv‡ek, †mwgbvi, Kbdv‡iÝ
BZ¨vw`i Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|
evwn¨K cÿ ev cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi mv‡_ mym¤úK© ˆZwi I eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ evwn¨K
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ KvR K‡i †h‡Z nq|
evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨gmg~n
Methods of External Communication
evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ‡gŠwLK, wjwLZ ev Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| Zv wb¤œiƒc:
†gŠwLK c×wZ (Oral method) wjwLZ c×wZ (Written method) Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ (Other
methods)
mvgbvmvgwb K‡_vcK_b, ‡Uwj‡dvb, I‡qemvBU, wjd‡jU, wPwVcÎ, weÁvcb, cÖPvi, MYgva¨g BZ¨vw`|
†mwgbvi, Dc¯’cbv, mfv BZ¨vw`| †UwjwcÖ›Uvi, †U‡j·, ‡bvwUk, B‡gBj
BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ26

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`

Af¨šÍixb I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨mg~n

Differences between Internal and Extarnal Communication
Af¨šÍixb I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒc:

Af¨šÍixb †hvMv‡hvM evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM

1. msMV‡bi Af¨šÍixY cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msNwUZ 1. msMV‡bi evwn¨K cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msMwVZ
†hvMv‡hvM| †hvMv‡hvM|
2. cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍixY cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mxgve×| 2. GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AvIZv cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii wewfbœ
cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ e¨ß|
3. Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM Dj¤^ ev mgvšÍivj n‡Z 3. evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡M Giƒc †Kvb †f` †bB|
cv‡i|
4. msMV‡bi jÿ¨ AR©b I Kg©KvÛ m¤úv`b KivB 4. evwn¨K wewfbœ c‡ÿi mv‡_ m¤úK© ‰Zwi I mym¤úK©
GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g~j jÿ¨| eRvq ivLv Gi D‡Ïk¨|
5. GB ai‡bi ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖwZw`b evi evi m¤úvw`Z 5. GB ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM ¯^í msL¨K evi msNwUZ
nq| nq|

mvims‡ÿc:
e¨emvwqK cÖ‡qvR‡b memgqB cÖwZôvb‡K evwn¨K wewfbœ cÿ †hgb- ‡µZv, †fv³v, wewb‡qvMKvix, mieivnKvix
BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡Z nq GiRb¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| cÖwZôv‡bi bZzb
Z_¨ cÖ`vb, AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZv, wewfbœ c‡ÿi mv‡_ mym¤úK© ‰Zwi I eRvq ivL‡Z GB †hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq|
evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM †gŠwLK, wjwLZ ev Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ g~j
cv_©K¨ n‡jv msMV‡bi Af¨šÍixY cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msNwUZ †hvMv‡hvM‡K Af¨šÍixY Ges msMV‡bi evwn¨K
cÿmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msMwVZ †hvMv‡hvM‡K evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM e‡j|

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ27

 GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU DËi g~j¨vqb

1. P¨v‡b‡ji wfwˇZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f` D`vniYmn Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

2. Af¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hvM‡K KZfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3. Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiæb|
4. wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
5. wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
6. wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zv¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
7. wb¤œMvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Kvh©Ki Dcv`vbmg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
8. EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
9. EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi c×wZ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
10. EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zv¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
11. EaŸ©Mvgx †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Kvh©Ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
12. mgvšÍivj †hvMv‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j?
13. evwn¨K †hvMv‡hvM Kx?
14. evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨gmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
15. Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨¸‡jv wjLyb|
16. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j?
17. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
18. AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zv¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
19. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j?
20. AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zv¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
21. AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|

‡idv‡iÝ eBmg~n
 Zahed Mannan, Business Communication, University Grants Commission of Bangladesh.
 Raymon V. Lesikar, John D. Pettit, Jr., Marie E. Flatley, Lesikar’s, Basic Business
Communication (Iwin & McGraw-Hill).
 Rajendra Pal & J.S. Korlahalli, Essentials of Business Communication, Sultan Chand Sons.

BDwbU `yB c„ôvÑ28