2018年6月大学英语六级考试试题第2套

２０１８年６月大学英语六级考试试题第２套

Ｐａｒｔ
Part ＩＩ
II Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions: In ｗｉｌｌwillｈｅａｒhearｔｗｏtwoｌｏｎｇlongｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ．
section , you conversations. Ａｔ
At ｔｈｅ
the ｅｎｄ
end ｏｆ
of ｅａｃｈ
each ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ，
conversation ,
ｙｏｕ
youｗｉｌｈｅａｒ ｆｏｕｒfourｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
will hear questions.Ｂｏｔｈ
Bothｔｈｅ
theｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation ａｎｄ
andｔｈｅ
theｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ
ｏｎｌｙ
onlyｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ
once. After ｙｏｕ
you ｈｅａｒ
hear ａa ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
question , youｍｕｓｔ
mustｃｈｏｏｓｅ
chooseｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ
best ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ
answer from ｆｏｕｒ
the four
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ AＡ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ
choices marked ) , B) , C) and D) . Then
Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋmark
ｔｈｅ the co"esponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ letter onｏｎ
Answer
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet１ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with a si leｌｉｎｅ
ng lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Questions１1ｔｏto ４4 ａｒｅ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation you have ｊｕｓｔ
ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

１．1. Ａ）A)Ｓｈｅ
Sheａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ
advocatesａｎｉｍａｌ
animalｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ．
protection. Ｃ）C)ＳｈｅSheｉｓ isｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏ toｓｔａｒｔ
startａaｃａｆé ｃｈａｉｎ．
cafe chain.
Ｂ）B)ＳｈｅSheｓｅｌｌｓ
sellsａaｓｐｅｃｉａｌ
special ｋｉｎｄ
kind ｏｆ
of ｃｏｆｆｅｅ．
coffee. Ｄ）D)ＳｈｅSheｉｓ isｔｈｅtheｏｗｎｅｒ
ownerｏｆofａ aｓｐｅｃｉａｌ
specialｃａｆé．
cafe.

2. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
２．Ａ） They
ｂｅａｒbear a lotｏｆof
ａ ｌｏｔ similarities.
ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｔｉｅｓ． Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｔｅｒ
caterｔｏtoｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different customers.
ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅareａ aｐｒｏｆｉｔａｂｌｅ
profitable ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
business ｓｅｃｔｏｒ．
sector. D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ help
ｈｅｌｐ takeｃａｒｅ
ｔａｋｅ careｏｆofｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ＇ｐｅｔｓ．
customers' pets.

３．Ａ）
3. A)ＢｙBy
ｇｉｖｉｎｇ
givingｔｈｅｍ ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
them regularｃｌｅａｎｉｎｇ
cleaningａｎｄ
andｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ．
injections.
Ｂ）B)ＢｙByｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ
selectingｂｒｅｅｄｓ
breeds ｔｈａｔ
that ａｒｅ ｔａｍｅ ａｎｄ
are tame and ｐｅａｃｅｆｕｌ．
peaceful.
Ｃ）C)ＢｙByｐｌａｃｉｎｇ
placingｔｈｅｍ
themａｔatａaｓａｆｅ
safe ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｆｒｏｍ customers.
distance from ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ．
D) By
Ｄ）Ｂｙ briefingｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ
ｂｒｉｅｆｉｎｇ customersｏｎ
onｈｏｗ
howｔｏtoｇｅｔ
get ａｌｏｎｇ
along with
ｗｉｔｈ th em.
ｔｈｅｍ．

４．Ａ）
4. A)Ｔｈｅｙ ｗａｎｔ
They ｔｏ toｌｅａｒｎ
want learnａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｒａｂｂｉｔｓ．
rabbits. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｌｏｖｅ
loveｔｈｅtheａｎｉｍａｌｓ
animalsｉｎinｈｅｒ
herｃａｆé．
cafe.
e
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ ｌｉｋｅ
They likeｔｏtoｂｒｉｎｇ
bringｉｎinｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．
children. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ ｇｉｖｅ
They giveｈｅｒherｃａｆé
cafe ｆａｖｏｒｉｔｅ ｒｅｖｉｅｗｓ．
favorite r views.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５5ｔｏto ８8 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ have
conversation you ｈａｖｅ just
ｊｕｓｔ heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

５．5. Ａ）
A)ＩｔIt ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contains too
ｔｏｏ many additives.
ｍａｎｙ ａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅｓ． Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｃａｎ
canｃａｕｓｅ
cause ｏｂｅｓｉｔｙ．
obesity.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｌａｃｋｓ
lacks ｔｈｅ
the ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ ｖｉｔａｍｉｎｓ．
essential vitamins. Ｄ）Ｉｔ
D) Itｉ isｍｏｓｔｌｙ
mostlyｇａｒｂａｇｅ．
garbage.

６．6.Ａ）A)ＩｔｓIts ｆａｎｃｙ
fancy ｄｅｓｉｇｎ．
design. Ｃ）C)ＩｔｓIts ｔｓｔｅ
taste ａｎｄ
and ｔｅｘｔｕｒｅ．
texture.
Ｂ）B)ＴＶTVｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｓ．
commercials. Ｄ）D)Ｐｅｅｒ
Peerｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ．
influence.

７．Ａ）
7. A)Ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｎｇ
Investingｈｅａｖｉｌｙ
heavilyｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
production ｏｆ ｓｗｅｅｔ foods.
of sweet ｆｏｏｄｓ．
B) Marketing
Ｂ）Ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ theirｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ
ｔｈｅｉｒ productsｗｉｔｈ
withｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙ
ordinaryｉｎｇｒｅｄｉｅｎｔｓ．
ingredients.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｒｙｉｎｇ
Tryingｔｏtoｔｒｉｃｋ
trick ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
children ｉｎｔｏ
into ｂｕｙｉｎｇ
buying ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ．
products.
Ｄ）D)Ｏｆｆｅｒｉｎｇ
Offeringｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
children ｍｏｒｅ
moreｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓ
varieties to
ｔｏ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ from.
ｆｒｏｍ．
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
１ １２
第 1／12页
８．8. Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｒｄｌｙ
hardlyａｔｅ
ate ｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｓ．
vegetables. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｆａｖｏｒｅｄ
favoredｃｈｏｃｏｌａｔｅ－ｃｏａｔｅｄ
chocolate-coated ｓｗｅｅｔｓ．
sweets.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｅｌｄｏｍ
seldom ｈａｄ
had ｊｕｎｋ ｆｏｄ．
junk food. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｌｉｋｅｄ
likedｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｏｄ
food ａｄｖｅｒｔｉｓｅｄ
advertised on
ｏｎ TV.
ＴＶ．

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions : In section, youｗｉｌｌ
will ｈｅａｒ
hear ｔｗｏ
two ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ．Ａｔ
passages. At ｔｈｅ
the ｅｎｄ
end ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ passage,
of each ｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｙｏｕ
you ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ
will hear
ｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｏｒｆｏｕｒ
or fourｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｂｏｔｈ
questions. Bothｔｈｅ
theｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageａｎｄ
andｔｈｅ
theｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ only
ｏｎｌｙ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ
After
ｙｏｕ
youｈｅａｒ
hearａ aｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
question, youｍｕｓｔ
mustｃｈｏｏｓｅ
chooseｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒｆｒｏｍ
best answer from ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓmarked
four choices ｍａｒｋｅｄA)Ａ），,
B) , C) and
Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋｔｈｅ
D) . Then mark ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
the correspondingｌｅｅｒ
letterｏｎ
on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet 1 with ａｓｉｎｇｌｅ
a single
ｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions ９9 ｔｏ
to １１
11 ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ on
are based ｏｎ th
ｔｈｅe passage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ you
ｙｏｕ have
ｈａｖｅ just
ｊｕｓｔheard.
ｈｅａｒｄ
９．9. Ａ）A)Ｓｔｒｅｔｃｈｅｓ
Stretches ｏｆ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ．
of farmland. Ｃ）C)Ｔｏｍｂｓ
Tombs ｏｆ ofａｎｃｉｅｎｔ
ancientｒｕｌｅｒｓ．
rulers.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ
Typical Ｅｇｙｐｔｉａｎ
Egyptian ａｎｉｍａｌ
animal ｆａｒｍｓ．
farms. Ｄ）D)Ｒｕｉｎｓ
Ruinsｌｅｆｔ
leftｂｙ
byｄｅｖａｓｔａｔｉｎｇ
devastating ｆｌｏｏｄｓ．
floods.

１０．
10.Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ
providesｈａｂｉｔａｔｓ
habitats ｆｏｒ
for ｍｏｒｅ
moreｐｒｉｍｉｔｉｖｅ
primitive ｔｒｉｂｅｓ．
tribes.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｉｓis ｈａｒｄｌｙ
hardly ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ
associatedｗｉｔｈ
withｇｒｅａｔ
greatｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓ．
civilizations.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｈａｓ
hasｎｏｔ
not ｙｅｔ
yet ｂｅｅｎ
beenｆｕｌｌｙ
fully ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｄ
explored ａｎｄ
and ｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｅｄ．
exploited.
Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｇａｔｈｅｒｓ
gathers ｗａｔｅｒ
water ｆｒｏｍ
fromｍａｎｙ
manyｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ
tropicalｒａｉｎ
rainｆｏｒｅｓｔｓ．
forests.

11. A)
１１．Ａ） Ｉｔ Itｃａｒｒｉｅｓ
carriesａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｏｎｅ
oneｆｉｆｔｈ
fifth ｏｆ
ofｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ
world's ｆｒｅｓｈ
fresh water.
ｗａｔｅｒ．
B) Itｈａｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ hasｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓ
numerousｈｕｍａｎ
human settlementsａｌｏｎｇ
ｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ alongｉｔｓ
its ｂａｎｋｓ．
banks.
C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in
Ｃ）Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｓｅｃｏｎｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ Ｍｉｓｓｉｓｓｉｐｐｉ Ｒｉｖｅｒ ｉｎ ｗｉｄｔｈ． width.
D) Itｉｓis ａｓ
Ｄ）Ｉｔ as ｌｏｎｇ
long ａｓ
as the
ｔｈｅ Nile
Ｎｉｌｅ and
ａｎｄ the
ｔｈｅYangtze
Ｙａｎｇｔｚｅ combined.
ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ．

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions １２
12 ｔｏ
to １５
15 ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ on
are based ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ passage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ you
ｙｏｕ have
ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

12.Ａ）A)Ｌｉｖｉｎｇ
１２． Livingａ aｌｉｆｅ
lifeｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｆａｓｔ
fast ｌａｎｅ
lane ｌｅａｄｓ
leads ｔｏ
to success.
ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ．
B) We are always in a rush to do various
Ｂ） Ｗｅ ａｒｅ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｉｎ ａ ｒｕｓｈ ｔｏ ｄｏ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｔｈｉｎｇｓ． things.
C) The
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅ search
ｓｅａｒｃｈ ｆｏｒforｔｒａｎｑｕｉｌｉｔｙ
tranquility has
ｈａｓ become
ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａa ｔｒｅｎｄ．
trend.
Ｄ）Ａｌｌ
D) Allｏｆ ofｕｓusａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actuallyｙｅａｒｎ
yearnｆｏｒfor ａa ｓｌｏｗ
slow ａｎｄ
and ｃａｌｍ
calmｌｉｆｅ．
life.

１３．Ａ）Ｓｈｅ ｈａｄhad
13. A) She ｔｒｏｕｂｌｅ
troubleｂａｌａｎｃｉｎｇ
balancing ｆａｍｉｌｙ ａｎｄ work.
family and ｗｏｒｋ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｅｎｊｏｙｅｄ
enjoyedｔｈｅ theｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
variousｓｏｃｉａｌ
social ｅｖｅｎｔｓ．
events.
C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.
Ｃ） Ｓｈｅ ｗａｓ ａｃｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｉｇｈｔ ｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｓｐｅｎｔ
spentａｌｌ
all ｈｅｒ
her ｌｅｉｓｕｒｅ
leisure time
ｔｉｍｅ writing
ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ books.
ｂｏｏｋｓ．

１４．Ａ）
14. A)ＴｈｅThe
ｐｏｓｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ
possibilityｏｆofｒｕｉｎｉｎｇ
ruining ｈｅｒ
her ｆａｍｉｌｙ．
family. Ｃ）C)ＴｈｅTheｆａｔｉｇｕｅ
fatigueｆｒｏｍ
fromｌｉｖｉｎｇ
livingａ aｆａｓｔ－ｐａｃｅｄ
fast-pacedｌｉｆｅ．
life.
Ｂ）B)Ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ
Becomingａｗａｒｅ ｏｆ ofｈｅｒherｄｅｃｌｉｎｉｎｇ
aware declining ｈｅａｌｔｈ．
health. Ｄ）D)Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
Readingａa ｂｏｏｋ
book ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｓｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｄｏｗｎ．
slowing down.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
２ １２
第 2／12页
 15. A)ＳｈｅShe
１５．Ａ） startedｔｏtoｆｏｌｌｏｗ
ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ follow ｔｈｅ
the ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ
cultural norms.
ｎｏｒｍｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｃａｍｅ
cameｔｏtoｅｎｊｏｙ
enjoyｄｏｉｎｇ
doingｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙ
everydayｔａｓｋｓ．
tasks.
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｌｅａｒｎｅｄ
learnedｔｏto ｕｓｅ
use ｍｏｒｅ
moreｐｏｌｉｔｅ
polite ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ．
expressions.
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｓｔｏｐｐｅｄ
stoppedｕｓｉｎｇ
usingｔｏ－ｄｏ
to-doｌｉｓｔｓ
lists ａｎｄ
and ｃａｌｅｎｄａｒｓ．
calendars.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions : In ｗｉｌｌwill
section , you ｈｅａｒhear
ｔｈｒｅｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ
three ｏｆ ofｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｓ
recordings lectures ｏｒor ｔａｌｋｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ
talks followed by ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｒ
three or
ｆｏｕｒ
fourｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
questions. Ｔｈｅ
The ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｗｉｌｌ beｂｅplayed
recordings will ｐｌａｙｅｄonly
ｏｎｌｙonce.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕhear
After you ｈｅａｒaａquestion
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
, you
ｍｕｓｔ
mustｃｈｏｏｓｅ
choose ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔanswer
the best ａｎｓｗｅｒfrom
ｆｒｏｍtheｔｈｅ
fourｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices markedｍａｒｋｅｄ
A ) , B)Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ
, C) and D)Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
. Then
ｍａｒｋ
markｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒonｏｎAnswer
corresponding letter ＡｎｓＷｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet１ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with a singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the
ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１６16ｔｏto １８
18 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
recording you have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

１６．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｗｉｌｌwill
16. A) They ｒｏｏｔrootｏｕｔoutｎａｔｉｖｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ
native speciesａｌｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ．
altogether. Ｃ） C)
Ｔｈｅｙ ｐｏｓｅpose
They ａ ｔｈｒｅａｔ
a threatｔｏtoｔｈｅ
the ｌｏｃａｌ ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ．
local ecosystem.
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ
B) They contributeｔｏtoａ aｒｅｇｉｏｎ＇ｓ ｂｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ． Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ
region's biodiversity. ｗｉｌｌwill
D) They ｃｒｏｓｓｂｒｅｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ
crossbreed withｎａｔｉｖｅ
nativeｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ．
species.

17.Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｉｒ
１７． Theirｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ
classifications are
ａｒｅ meaningful.
ｍｅａｎｉｎｇｆｕｌ． Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｉｒ
Theirｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓ
definitions ａｒｅ
are changeable.
ｃｈａｎｇｅａｂｌｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｉｒ
Theirｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ
interactions ａｒｅ
are ｈａｒｄ
hard ｔｏ ｄｅｆｉｎｅ．
to define. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｉｒ ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎｓ
Their distinctionsａｒｅareａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌ．
artificial.

１８．Ａ）
18. A)Ｏｎｌｙ
Only a few
ａ ｆｅｗ ｏｆ of
ｔｈｅｍ
themｃａｕｓｅ
causeｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
problems ｔｏ toｎａｔｉｖｅ
nativeｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ．
species.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｍａｙmay
ｔｕｒｎturn
ｏｕｔoutｔｏ toｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ
benefitｔｈｅ
the ｌｏｃａｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．
local environment.
Ｃ）C)Ｆｅｗ
Fewｏｆ of them
ｔｈｅｍ ｃａｎcan surviveｉｎinｔｈｅｉｒ
ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ their ｎｅｗ
newｈａｂｉｔａｔｓ．
habitats.
Ｄ）D)Ｏｎｌｙ
Only１０10ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percentｏｆofｔｈｅｍ
themｃａｎcan ｂｅ
be ｎａｔｕｒａｌｉｚｅｄ
naturalized.

Questions１９19ｔｏ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ to ２１
21 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ
just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

19. A)
１９．Ａ） Respect
Ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔ theirｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ
ｔｈｅｉｒ traditional ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ．
culture. Ｃ）C)Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
Researchｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
specific demands.
ｄｅｍａｎｄｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ａｔｔｅｎｄ
Attendｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
business ｓｅｍｉｎａｒｓ．
semiarn s. Ｄ）D)Ａｄｏｐｔ
Adopt
ｔｈｅtheｒｉｇｈｔ
rightｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
businessｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ．
strategies.

20. A)Ｓｈｏｗｉｎｇ
２０．Ａ） Showingｔｈｅｍ
themｙｏｕｒ
your ｐａｌｍ．
palm.
Ｂ）B)Ｇｉｖｉｎｇ
Givingｔｈｅｍ
them giftsｏｆofｇｒｅａｔ
ｇｉｆｔｓ great ｖａｌｕｅ．
value.
Ｃ）C)Ｄｒｉｎｋｉｎｇ
Drinkingａｌｃｏｈｏｌ
alcoholｏｎonｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
certain days
ｄａｙｓ ofｏｆ aａ month.
ｍｏｎｔｈ．
Ｄ）D)Ｃｌｉｃｋｉｎｇ
Clickingｙｏｕｒ
yourｆｉｎｇｅｒｓ
fingersｌｏｕｄｌｙ
loudlyｉｎin ｔｈｅｉｒ
their presence.
ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ．

-
２１．Ａ）
21. A)Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅareｖｅｒｙ
They veryｅａｓｙ
easyｔｏtoｓａｔｉｓｆｙ．
satisfy. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏtoｂｅbeｆｒｉｅｎｄｌｙ
friendlyａｎｄ
andｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｔｉｃ．
enthusiastic.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｓｔｒｏｎｇ
strongｓｅｎｓｅ
sense ｏｆ ｗｏｒｔｈ．
of worth. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｂｒｅａｋ
breakｆｒｏｍ
from２：００
2:00ｔｏto ５：３０
5:30 ｐ．ｍ．
p.m.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
３ １２
第 3／12页
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions２２
22ｔｏto ２５
25 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

２２．Ａ）
22. A)ＨｅHeｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙ
completelyｃｈａｎｇｅｄ
changedｔｈｅ
theｃｏｍｐａｎｙ＇ｓ
company'sｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ．
culture.
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ
collectedｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇｓ
paintings ｂｙ
by ｗｏｒｌｄ－ｆａｍｏｕｓ
world-famousａｒｔｉｓｔｓ．
artists.
Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｔｏｏｋ
tookｏｖｅｒ
overｔｈｅtheｓａｌｅｓ
salesｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ
departmentｏｆofＲｅａｄｅｒ＇ｓ
Reader 's Ｄｉｇｅｓｔ．
Digest.
Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｈａｄ
hadｔｈｅ
theｃｏｍｐａｎｙ＇ｓ
company'sｂｏａｒｄｒｏｏｍ
boardroomｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙ
extensively ｒｅｎｏｖａｔｅｄ．
renovated.

２３．Ａ）
23. A)Ｉｔ Itｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｂｅbeｓｏｌｄ
soldａｔatａa ｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅ
reasonable ｐｒｉｃｅ．
price.
Ｂ）Ｉｔｓ ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｓｈｏｒｔ ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｐｉｒｉｎｇ．
B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
should ｂｅ
beｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
publishedｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ
world's ｌｅａｄｉｎｇ
leading languages.
ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ．
D) Itsａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ
Ｄ）Ｉｔｓ articles ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
should ｅｎｔｅｒｔａｉｎ
entertain blue- and ｐｉｎｋ－ｃｏｌｌａｒ
ｂｌｕｅ－ａｎｄ pink-collar workers.
ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ．

２４．Ａ）
24. A)ＨｅHeｋｎｅｗ ｈｏｗhow
knew ｔｏ to
ｍａｋｅ ｔｈｅtheｍａｇａｚｉｎｅ
make ｐｒｏｆｉｔａｂｌｅ．
magazine profitable.
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｓｅｒｖｅｄ
servedａｓasａaｃｈｕｒｃｈ
churchｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒ
minister ｆｏｒ
for many years.
ｍａｎｙ ｙｅａｒｓ．
Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｓｕｆｆｅｒｅｄ
sufferedｍａｎｙ
manyｓｅｔｂａｃｋｓ
setbacksａｎｄand misfortunesｉｎinｈｉｓ
ｍｉｓｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｓ hisｌｉｆｅ．
life.
Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｔｒｅａｔｅｄ
treated ｔｈｅ
the ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
employeesｌｉｋｅ
like members
ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ ｏｆofｈｉｓ
his ｆａｍｉｌｙ．
family.

２５．Ａ）
25. A)ＩｔItｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｍａｎｙny ｍｏｒｅ
carried ma moreａｄｖｅｒｔｉｓｅｍｅｎｔｓ．
advertisements. Ｃ）C)Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
Severalｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ
hundredｏｆofｉｔｓ
its ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
employeesｇｏｔ
gotｆｉｒｅｄ．
fired.
Ｂ）B)Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ
GeorgeＧｒｕｎｅ
Gruneｊｏｉｎｅｄ
joined ｉｔ
it asａｓanａｎadａｄsalesman.
ｓａｌｅｓｍａｎ．
Ｄ）ＩｔｓD)ｓｕｂｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ
Its subscriptions increasedｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｙ．
considerably.

Ｐａｒｔ
Part IIIＩ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Reading Comprehension (40 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
（４０ minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，
section, ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ aａ passage
there is ｐａｓｓａｇｅｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｅｎ
ten ｂｌａｎｋｓ．Ｙｏｕ
blanks. Youａｒｅ
areｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
required ｔｏ
to ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅword
select one ｗｏｒｄ
ｆｏｒforｅａｃｈ
eachｂｌａｎｋｆｒｏｍａ
blank from ｌｉｓｔ
a listｏｆofｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ inｉｎaａｗｏｒｄ
choices given word ｂａｎｋ
bank ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ passage.
following the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．Read
Ｒｅａｄ
ｔｈｅ
theｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ
carefully ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ
before making your ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ． Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choices. Each choice ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｉｓ
the bank is
ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ ｂｙ aａ letter.
i.dentified by ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．Please
Ｐｌｅａｓｅmark
ｍａｒｋtheｔｈｅcorresponding
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
for ｆｏｒ
eachｅａｃｈ
itemｉｔｅｍ
on ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answer
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet２ ｗｉｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with a si ｌｉｎｅ
le lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
ng throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕ
centre. Youｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔ
notｕｓｅ
useａｎｙ
anyｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｄｓ
words ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｂａｎｋ
bankｍｏｒｅ
moreｔｈａｎ
than ｏｎｃｅ．
once.

DidＳａｒａｈ
Ｄｉｄ SarahＪｏｓｅｐｈａ
JosephaＨａｌｅ
Haleｗｒｉｔｅ＂Ｍａｒｙ＇ｓ
write "Mary'sＬｉｔｔｌｅ
Little Ｌａｍｂ，＂ｔｈｅ
Lamb," theｅｔｅｒｎａｌ
eternal ｎｕｒｓｅｒｙ
nursery rhyme (JL�) about aａ
ｒｈｙｍｅ（儿歌）ａｂｏｕｔ
ｇｉｒｌ
girl ｎａｍｅｄ
namedＭａｒｙ
Maryｗｉｔｈ
withａaｓｔｕｂｂｏｒｎ
stubborn ｌａｍｂ？
lamb? Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓstill
This is ｔｉｌｌdisputed,
ｄｉｓｐｕｔｅｄ，ｂｕｔ
but it's ｉｔｓｃｌｅａｒ
clear that ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｍａｎ26２６ ｆｏｒ
the woman for
ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
writng ｉｔ
i
ｗａｓ one
it was ｏｎｅ of
ｏｆ America's
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ＇ｓ most
ｍｏｓｔ fascinating
ｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｎｇ__JJ__.
２７ ． ＩｎInｈｏｎｏｒ
honorｏｆof ｔｈｅ ｐｏｅｍ＇ｓ publicati
the poem's ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
on onｏｎMay
Ｍａｙ
２４，
24,１８３０，
1830, ｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ ｍｏｒｅ about
here's more ａｂｏｕｔtheｔｈｅ ２８28 ａｕｔｈｏｒ＇ｓ
author'sｌｉｆｅ．
life.
Ｈａｌｅ
Haleｗａｓｎ＇ｔ
wasn't ｊｕｓｔ
just aａ writer,
ｗｒｉｔｅｒ，sheｓｈｅwasｗａｓalso
ａｌｓｏa ａ ２９
29 ｓｏｃｉａｌ
socialａｄｖｏｃａｔｅ，ａｎｄ
advocate, andｓｈｅsheｗａｓwasｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙ
particularly
３０ ｗｉｔｈ ａｎ ｉｄｅａｌ Ｎｅｗ Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｓｈｅ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａｂｕｎｄａｎｔ Ｔｈａｎｋｓｇｉｖｉｎｇ ｍｅａｌｓ ｔｈａｔ
30 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals ｓｈｅ
that she
ｃｌａｉｍｅｄ
claimed ｈａｄ＂ａ
had "aｄｅｅｐ
deepｍｏｒａｌ
moralｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ．＂Ｓｈｅ
influence." She ｂｅｇａｎ
began ａa ｎａｔｉｏｎｗｉｄｅ
nationwide ３１31ｔｏ to ｈａｖｅhaveａ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
a national ｈｏｌｉｄａｙ
holiday
ｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄ
declared ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｒｉｎｇ
that would bring ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒwhile
families together ｗｈｉｌｅcelebrating
ｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｉｎｇtheｔｈｅ 32３２ ｆｅｓｔｉｖａｌｓ．Ｉｎ
festivals. In １８６３，
1863, ａｆｔｅｒ １７
after 17
ｙｅａｒｓ
yearsｏｆofａｄｖｏｃａｃｙ
advocacyｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ
includingｌｅｔｔｅｒｓ
letters ｔｏ
to ｆｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ，Hale
five presidents, Ｈａｌｅ got
ｇｏｔ it.ｉｔ．President
ＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔAbraham
Ａｂｒａｈａｍ Lincoln,
Ｌｉｎｃｏｌｎ， during
ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
ｔｈｅ Ｃｉｖｉｌ Ｗａｒ，ｉｓｓｕｅｄ ａ ３３ ｓｔｔｉｇ ａｓｉｄｅ ｔｈｅ ｌａｓｔ Ｔｈｕｒｓｄａｙ ｉｎ Ｎｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｈｏｌｉｄａｙ．
the Civil War, issued a ___lL setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
４ １２
第 4／12页
 Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｒｕｅ
true ａｕｔｈｏｒｓｈｉｐ ｏｆ＂Ｍａｒｙ＇ｓ
authorship of " Mary's Ｌｉｔｔｌｅ
Little LaＬａｍｂ＂ｉｓ
mb " is ｄｉｓｐｕｔｅｄ． Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ toｔｏ the
disputed. According ｔｈｅNew
Ｎｅｗ England
Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ
Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ
Historical Ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ， Ｈａｌｅ wrote
Society, Hale ｗｒｏｔｅ ｏｎｌｙ
only ｐａｒｔ ｏｆ the
part of ｔｈｅpoem,
ｐｏｅｍ， but
ｂｕｔ claimed
ｃｌａｉｍｅｄ authorship.
ａｕｔｈｏｒｓｈｉｐ．Ｒｅｇａｒｄｌｅｓｓ
Regardless ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ａｕｔｈｏｒ，
the author,
ｉｔit ｓｅｅｍｓ ｔｈａｔtheｔｈｅpoem
seems that ｐｏｅｍwasｗａｓ ３４34 ｂｙbyａ ｒｅａｌ
a realｅｖｅｎｔ． Ｗｈｅｎ ｙｏｕｎｇ
event. When young Ｍａｒｙ
MaryＳａｗｙｅｒ
Sawyerｗａｓ
wasｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
followed ｔｏ
to
ｓｃｈｏｏｌ
school ｂｙ
by ａa ｌａｍｂ
lamb ｉｎin １８１６，
1 8 1 6, ｉｔ ｃａｕｓｅｄsome
it caused ｓｏｍｅ problems.
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．ＡA ｂｙｓｔａｎｄｅｒ ｎａｍｅｄ Ｊｏｈｎ
bystander named John Ｒｏｕｌｓｔｏｎｅ ｗｒｏｔｅ aａ
Roulstone wrote
ｐｏｅｍ
poemａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｅｖｅｎｔ．
event. Ｔｈｅｎ，ａｔ
Then, atｓｏｍｅ
someｐｏｉｎｔ
point,Ｈａｌｅ
Haleｈｅｒｓｅｌｆ
herselfｓｅｅｍｓ
seemsｔｏto ｈａｖｅ
have ｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped ｗｒｉｔｅ ｉｔ．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｉｆ
write it. However, if aａ
１９１６
1 9 1 6ｐｉｅｃｅ
piece ｂｙ
by ｈｅｒ
her ｇｒｅａｔ－ｎｉｅｃｅ
great-niece isｉｓtoｔｏbeｂｅtrusted,
ｔｒｕｓｔｅｄ，
HaleＨａｌｅ ｃｌａｉｍｅｄ
claimed for ｆｏｒ
the ｔｈｅ35３５ ｏｆ ｈｅｒ life
of her ｌｉｆｅthat
ｔｈａｔ＂ｓｏｍｅ
" some
ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｐｒｅｔｅｎｄｅｄ ｔｈａｔ someone
pretended that ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ else
ｅｌｓｅwrote
ｗｒｏｔｅtheｔｈｅpoem"
ｐｏｅｍ＂．.

Ａ）ｃａｍｐａｉｇｎ
A) campaign Ｉ）I) ｐｒｏｃｌａｍａｔｉｏｎ
proclamation
Ｂ）B) ｃａｒｅｒ
career ） J)ｒｅｔｉｆｉｆｄ
rectified
Ｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ
C) characters Ｋ）K)ｒｅｐｕｔｅｄ
reputed
Ｄ）D)ｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓ
features Ｌ）L) ｒｅｓｔ
rest
Ｅ）E) ｆｉｅｒ
fierce Ｍ）M)ｕｐｐｏｓｅｄ
supposed
）ｉｎｓｐｉｒｅｄ
F) inspired Ｎ）N)ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ
traditional
Ｇ） ａｔｒ
G) latter Ｏ）0)ｖｅｒａｔｉｌｅ
versatile
Ｈ） ｏｔｓｅｓｓｅｄ
H) obsessed

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions : In ａｒｅareｇｏｉｎｇ
section, you ｔｏ toｒｅａｄreadａ aｐａｓｓａｇｅ
going ｗｉｔｈwithｔｅｎtenｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ
passage statementsａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ
attachedｔｏto ｉｔ．
it.
Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ
statementｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contains ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information ｇｉｅｎ
given ｉｎin ｏｎｅ
oneｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．
paragraphs. Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
Identify ｔｈｅ
the
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｆｒｏｍ
fromｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｔｈｅ information is
the ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ derived.
ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ choose
You may ｃｈｏｏｓｅ aａ paragraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ more
ｍｏｒｅ
ｔｈａｎ
thanｏｎｃｅ．Ｅａｃｈ
once. Eachｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｉｓisｍａｒｋｅｄ
markedｗｉｔｈａ
with ｌｅｔｔｅ．
a letter. Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answerｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ marking
questions by ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ
ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒon ｏｎ
corresponding letter Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2.２．
Ｇｒｏｗ
GrowＰｌａｎｔｓ Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ Water
Plants Without Ｗａｔｅｒ
[A]Ｅｖｅｒ
［Ａ］ Everｓｉｎｃｅ
since ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ
humanityｂｅｇａｎ
beganｔｏtoｆａｍｍ
farmｏｕｒ
ourｏｗｎ
ownｆｏｏｄ，ｗｅ＇ｖｅ
food, we've faced
ｆａｃｅｄ ｔｈｅtheｕｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅ
unpredictableｒａｉｎ
rainｔｈａｔthat ｉｓ
is both
ｂｏｔｈ
friend ａｎｄ
ｆｒｉｅｎｄ and ｅｎｅｍｙ．Ｉｔ
enemy. It ｃｏｍｅｓ
comesａｎｄ andｇｏｅｓ
goesｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｍｕｃｈ
muchｗａｒｎｉｎｇ，
warning, ａｎｄ
and ａa ｆｉｅｌｄ
field of
ｏｆ lush (,;'t. Jilk � ) leafy
ｕｓｈ（茂盛的）ｌｅａｆｙ
ｇｒｅｅｎｓ
greens ｏｎｅ
one ｙｅａｒ
year ｃａｎ
can ｄｒｙ
dry ｕｐ
up ａｎｄ
and ｂｌｏｗ
blowａｗａｙ
awayｔｈｅtheｎｅｘｔ．
next. Ｆｏｏｄ
Foodｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ
security ａｎｄ
and ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｓ ｄｅｐｅｎｄ on
fortunes depend ｏｎ
ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ ｒａｉｎ，andａｎｄnowhere
sufficient rain, ｎｏｗｈｅｒｅmore
ｍｏｒｅ soｓｏthan
ｔｈａｎinｉｎAfrica,
Ａｆｒｉｃａ，where
ｗｈｅｒｅ96%９６ｏｆofｆａｍｍｌａｎｄ
farmland ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ
depends ｏｎ
onｒａｉｎ
rain ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ
instead
ｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｉｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎ
irrigation ｃｏｍｍｏｎ
connnonｉｎinｍｏｒｅ－ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
more-developedｐｌａｃｅｓ．
places. Ｉｔ
It ｈａｓ
has ｃｏｎｓｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ：
consequences: Ｓｏｕｔｈ
South Ａｆｒｉｃａ＇ｓ ｏｎｇｏｉｎｇ
Africa's ongoing
ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ—ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｓｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ—ｗｉｌｌ ｃｏｓｔ ｉｔ ａｔ ｌｅａｓｔ ａ ｑｕａｒｔｅｒ ｏｆ ｉｔｓ ｃｏｍ ｃｒｏｐ ｔｈｉｓ ｙｅａｒ．
drought-the worst in three decades-will cost it at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.

Ｂ］[B]Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ
BiologistＪJill Farrantｏｆ ofｔｈｅtheＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ UniversityｏｆofＣａｐｅ
CapeＴｏｗｎ
Townｉｎ inＳｏｕｔｈ
South Africaｓａｙｓ
Ａｆｒｉｃａ saysｔｈａｔ
that ｎａｔｕｒｅ
nature ｈａｓ
has ｐｌｅｎｔｙ
plenty
ｏｆofａｎｓｗｅｒｓ
answersｆｏｒ
forｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｗｈｏ
whoｗａｎｔ ｔｏ toｇｒｏｗgrow
want ｃｒｏｐｓ ｉｎ inｐｌａｃｅｓ
crops placesｗｉｔｈ
withｕｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅ
unpredictableｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ． Ｓｈｅ ｉｓis hard
rainfall. She ｈａｒｄ
ａｔatｗｏｒｋ
workｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
findingａ aｗａｙ
wayｔｏtoｔａｋｅ
takeｔｒａｉｔｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｒａｒｅ
traits from ｗｉｌｄ plants
rare wild ｐｌａｎｔｓ that
ｔｈａｔadapt
ａｄａｐｔtoｔｏextreme
ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅdry
ｄｒｙweather
ｗｅａｔｈｅｒ and
ａｎｄ
ｕｓｅ
useｔｈｅｍ
themｉｎinｆｏｏｄ
foodｃｒｏｐｓ．Ａｓ ｔｈｅtheｅａｒｔｈ＇ｓ
crops. As earth'sｃｌｉｍａｔｅ
climate ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ
changesａｎｄ
andｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ ｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ ｅｖｅｎ
rainfall becomes evenｌｅｓｓ
less ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅ
predictable
ｉｎinｓｏｍｅ
someｐｌａｃｅｓ，
places, ｔｈｏｓｅ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ will
those answers ｗｉｌｌgrow
ｇｒｏｗ even
ｅｖｅｎ more
ｍｏｒｅ valuable.
ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ．＂Ｔｈｅ
" The ｔｙｐｅ
type ｏｆ ｆａｍｍｉｎｇ I'm
of farming Ｉ＇ｍ aiming
ａｉｍｉｎｇ
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
５ １２
第 5／12页
 ｆｏｒforｉｓis ｌｉｔｅｒａｌｌｙ
literally soｓｏthat
ｔｈａｔpeople
ｐｅｏｐｌｅcanｃａｎsurvive
ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅasａｓit'sｉｔ＇ｓgoing
ｇｏｉｎｇto ｔｏgetｇｅｔmore
ｍｏｒｅandａｎｄmore
ｍｏｒｅdry,"
ｄｒｙ，＂Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ ｓａｙｓ．
Farrant says.

［Ｃ］
[C] Ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅ
Extremeｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ
conditionsｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ
produceｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ
extremelyｔｏｕｇｈ
toughｐｌａｎｔｓ．
plants.ＩｎInｔｈｅ
theｒｕｓｔｙ
rusty ｒｅｄ
red ｄｅｓｅｒｔｓ
deserts ｏｆ
of Ｓｏｕｔｈ
South Ａｆｒｉｃａ，
Africa,
ｓｔｅｅｐ－ｓｉｄｅｄ
steep-sidedｒｏｃｋｙ
rockyｈｉｌｌｓ
hills ｃａｌｌｅｄ
called ｉｎｓｅｌｂｅｒｇｓ ｒｅａｒ up
inselbergs rear ｕｐ from
ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ
the ｐｌａｉｎｓ ｌｉｋｅ the
plains like ｔｈｅ bones
ｂｏｎｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ earth.
of the ｅａｒｔｈ． The
Ｔｈｅ
ｈｉｌｌｓ ａｒｅ remnants
hills are ｒｅｍｎａｎｔｓ ｏｆof ａｎan ｅａｒｌｉｅｒ ｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ era,
earlier geological ｅｒａ，scrｓｃｒａｐｅｄ ｂａｒｅofｏｆmost
aped bare ｍｏｓｔ soil
ｓｏｉｌand
ａｎｄ exposed
ｅｘｐｏｓｅｄ ｔｏto ｔｈｅ
the
ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ．
elements. Ｙｅｔ
Yet ｏｎ
onｔｈｅｓｅ
these ａｎｄ
andｓｉｍｉｌａｒ
similar ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓ
formations ｉｎ
in ｄｅｓｅｒｔｓ ａｒｏｕｎｄ ｔｈｅ
deserts around the ｗｏｒｌｄ，
world, ａa ｆｅｗ
fw ｆｉｅｒｃｅ
e
fierce ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants
ｈａｖｅ
haveａｄａｐｔｅｄ
adaptedｔｏto ｅｎｄｕｒｅ
endureｕｎｄｅｒ
underｅｖｅｒ－ｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇ
ever-changingｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ．
conditions.

【Ｄ】 Ｆａｒｒａｎｔcalls
[D] Farrant ｃａｌｌｓthem
ｔｈｅｍresurrection
ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｐｌａｎｔｓ（复苏植物）．Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
plants ｍｏｎｔｈｓwithout
( .1. � :tii 4n ). During months ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ water
ｗａｔｅｒ under
ｕｎｄｅｒ aａ harsh
ｈａｒｓｈ
ｓｕｎ，
sun,ｔｈｅｙ
theyｗｉｔｈｅｒ，
wither, ｓｈｒｉｎｋ
shrink ａｎｄ
andｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔ
contractｕｎｔｉｌ
until ｔｈｅｙ
they ｌｏｏｋ
look ｌｉｋｅ
like ａa ｐｉｌｅ ｏｆ ｄｅａｄ
pile of dead ｇｒａｙ
grayｌｅａｖｅｓ．
leaves. Ｂｕｔ
Butｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ
rainfall
canｒｅｖｉｖｅ
ｃａｎ revive ｔｈｅｍ
themｉｎin ａa ｍａｔｔｅｒ
matter of
ｏｆ hour time-lapse ( Jill �·ti.Ja .ffi. a9 ) videosｏｆofｔｈｅ
s. Her ｔｉｍｅ－ｌａｐｓｅ（间歇性拍摄的）ｖｉｄｅｏｓ
ｈｏｕｒｓ．Ｈｅｒ theｒｅｖｉｖａｌｓ
revivals look
ｌｏｏｋ
ｌｉｋｅ
like ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ
someoneｐｌａｙｉｎｇ
playingａ aｔａｐｅ
tapeｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｐｌａｎｔ＇ｓ
plant's ｄｅａｔｈ
death ｉｎ
in ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅ．
reverse.

o
［Ｅ］
[E] Ｔｈｅ
Theｂｉｇ
big ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ＂ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ－ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔ＂ｐｌａｎｔｓ
difference between ａｎｄ these
"drought-tolerant" plants and ｔｈｅｓｅ tｔｏｕｇｈ ｐｌａｎｔｓ：metabolism.
ugh plants: ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ．Ｍａｎｙ
Many
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different ｋｉｎｄｓ
kinds ｏｆ
of ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants ｈａｖｅ
have ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developedｔａｃｔｉｃｓ
tactics ｔｏ ｗｅａｔｈｅｒ ｄｒｙ
to weather dry ｓｐｅｌｌｓ． Ｓｏｍｅ ｐｌａｎｔｓ
spells. Some plants ｓｔｏｒｅ ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｓ
store reserves
ｏｆofｗａｔｅｒ
water ｔｏ
to ｓｅｅ
see ｔｈｅｍ
them ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ａa ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ；
drought; ｏｔｈｅｒｓ ｓｅｎｄ ｒｏｏｔｓ
others send ｄｅｅｐ down
roots deep ｄｏｗｎ ｔｏto ｓｕｂｓｕｒｆａｃｅ
subsurface ｗａｔｅｒ
water
ｓｕｐｐｌｉｅｓ． Ｂｕｔ ｏｎｃｅ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｕｓｅ ｕｐ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｓｔｏｒｅｄ ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅ ｏｒ ｔａｐ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｓｕｐｐｌｙ， they
supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, ｔｈｅｙ
ｃｅａｓｅ
ceaseｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
growingａｎｄ
andｓｔａｒｔ
start ｔｏ ｄｉｅ． They
to die. Ｔｈｅｙ may
ｍａｙ ｂｅ
be ａｂｌｅ
able ｔｏ ｈａｎｄｌｅ aａ drought
to handle ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ of
ｏｆsome
ｓｏｍｅ length,
ｌｅｎｇｔｈ，and
ａｎｄmany
ｍａｎｙ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｕｓｅ
use ｔｈｅ
the ｔｅｒｍ＂ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔ＂ｔｏ
term "drought ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅ
tolerant" to describeｓｕｃｈ
suchｐｌａｎｔｓ，
plants,ｂｕｔ
but ｔｈｅｙ
they ｎｅｖｅｒ
never ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actually ｓｔｏｐ
stop
ｎｅｅｄｉｎｇ
needingｔｏtoｃｏｎｓｕｍｅ
consumeｗａｔｅｒ， ｓｏ soＦａｒｒａｎｔ
water, Farrantｐｒｅｆｅｒｓ
prefersｔｏtoｃａｌｌ
call ｔｈｅｍ
themｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ
droughtｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ．
resistant.

［Ｆ］
[F] Ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Resurrection ｐｌａｎｔｓ， ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄ asａｓ those
plants, defined ｔｈｏｓｅ capable
ｃａｐａｂｌｅ ofｏｆrecovering
ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｉｎｇfrom
ｆｒｏｍ holding
ｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ less
ｌｅｓｓ than
ｔｈａｎ 0.1
０．１grams
ｇｒａｍｓ of
ｏｆ
ｗａｔｅｒ
waterｐｅｒ
perｇｒａｍ
gramｏｆ ofｄｒｙdryｍａｓｓ， ａｒｅareｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ．
mass, different.Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｌａｃｋ
lackｗａｔｅｒ－ｓｔｏｒｉｎｇ
water-storingｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ，
structures, ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅｉｒ ｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ
their existence
ｏｎonｒｏｃｋ
rockｆａｃｅｓ
facesｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｓ
preventsｔｈｅｍ
themｆｒｏｍ
fromｔａｐｐｉｎｇ
tappingｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒ，
groundwater,ｓｏsoｔｈｅｙ
theyｈａｖｅ
haveｉｎｓｔｅａｄ
insteadｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developedｔｈｅ
theａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
ability
ｔｏto ｃｈａｎｇｅ
changeｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ．
metabolism. Ｗｈｅｎ
Whenｔｈｅｙ
theyｄｅｔｅｃｔ
detect ａｎanｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄ
extendedｄｒｙdryｐｅｒｉｏｄ，
period,ｔｈｅｙ
theyｄｉｖｅｒｔ
divert ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｓ，
metabolisms,ｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｓｕｇａｒｓ
producing ａｎｄand
sugars ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ－ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ
certain stress-associatedｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ
proteins ａｎｄ
andｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ
materials ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ．
tissues. Ａｓ
Asｔｈｅ
the ｐｌａｎｔ
plant ｄｒｉｅｓ， ｔｈｅｓｅ resources
dries, these ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ take
ｔａｋｅ on
ｏｎ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｔｈｅproperties
first the ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓofｏｆhoney,
ｈｏｎｅｙ， then
ｔｈｅｎ rubber,
ｒｕｂｂｅｒ， and
ａｎｄ
ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ
finally ｅｎｔｅｒ
enter ａa ｇｌａｓｓ－ｌｉｋｅ ｓｔａｔｅthat
glass-like state ｔｈａｔis ｉｓ＂ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ stable
"the most ｓｔａｂｌｅ state
ｓｔａｔｅthat
ｔｈａｔtheｔｈｅplant
ｐｌａｎｔcanｃａｎmaintain,"
ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎ，＂Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Farrant
ｓａｙｓ．
says. Ｔｈａｔ
Thatｓｌｏｗｓ
slowsｔｈｅ
theｐｌａｎｔ＇ｓ ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ ａｎｄ
plant's metabolism andｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ
protects ｉｔｓ ｄｒｉｅｄ－ｏｕｔ tissues.
its dried-out ｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ．Ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｎｔｓ also
The plants ａｌｓｏchange
ｃｈａｎｇｅ
ｓｈａｐｅ，
shape, ｓｈｒｉｎｋｉｎｇ ｔｏ minimize
shrinking to ｍｉｎｉｍｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ
the ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ ａｒｅａ through
surface area ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ which
ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇ water
their remaining ｗａｔｅｒ might
ｍｉｇｈｔ
ｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｅ．
evaporate. Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｎ
canｒｅｃｏｖｅｒ
recover ｆｒｏｍ
fromｍｏｎｔｈｓ
monthsａｎｄ
andｙｅａｒｓ
yearsｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｗａｔｅｒ，
water, ｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ
depending ｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ．
species.

[G] Ｗｈａｔ
［Ｇ］ Whatｅｌｓｅ
elseｃａｎ
canｄｏdo thisｄｒｙ－ｏｕｔ－ａｎｄ－ｒｅｖｉｖｅ
ｔｈｉｓ dry-out-and-reviveｔｒｉｃｋ？
trick? Ｓｅｅｄｓ—ａｌｍｏｓｔ
Seeds-almostａｌｌ
all ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅｍ．
them. Ａｔ
Atｔｈｅ
the ｓｔａｒｔ
start ｏｆ
of her
ｈｅｒ
ｃａｒｅｅｒ，Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ＂ｒｅｃａｌｃｉｔｒａｎｔ
career, Farrant studied ｓｅｄｓ（顽拗性种子），＂ｓｕｃｈ
" recalcitrant seeds ( :iiJi -i�Mi. # -r )," such ａｓas ａｖｏｃａｄｏｓ， ｃｏｆｆｅ and
avocados, coffee ａｎｄ ｌｙｃｈｅｅ．
lychee.
Ｗｈｉｌｅ
Whileｔａｓｔｙ，ｓｕｃｈ
tasty, suchｓｅｅｄｓ
seedsａｒｅ
are ｄｅｌｉｃａｔｅ—ｔｈｅｙ ｃａｎｎｏｔ bud
delicate-they cannot ｂｕｄ and
ａｎｄ grow
ｇｒｏｗ ｉｆ ｔｈｅｙ dry
if they ｄｒｙout
ｏｕｔ(as（ａｓyouｙｏｕmay
ｍａｙ!mow
ｌｎｏｗ ifｉｆ
ｙｏｕ＇ｖｅ
you'veｅｖｅｒ
ever ｔｒｉｅｄ
tried ｔｏ
to ｇｒｏｗ
grow ａa ｔｒｅｅ
tree ｆｒｏｍ
from ａｎ
anａｖｏｃａｄｏ
avocadoｐｉｔ）．
pit). Ｉｎ
In ｔｈｅ
the ｓｅｅｄ
seed ｗｏｒｌｄ， ｔｈａｔ makes
world, that ｍａｋｅｓ ｔｈｅｍ
themｒａｒｅ，
rare,
ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
because ｍｏｓｔ
mostｓｅｅｄｓ
seedsｆｒｏｍ
fromｆｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｇ
floweringｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants ａｒｅ
are ｑｕｉｔｅ
quite ｒｏｂｕｓｔ． Ｍｏｓｔ ｓｅｅｄｓ
robust. Most seeds ｃａｎ
can ｗａｉｔ
wait ｏｕｔ
out ｔｈｅ
the ｄｒｙ，
dry,
ｕｎｗｅｌｃｏｍｉｎｇ
unwelcomingｓｅａｓｏｎｓ ｕｎｔｉｌ
seasons untilｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ
conditionsａｒｅareｒｉｇｈｔ
rightａｎｄ
andｔｈｅｙ
theyｓｐｒｏｕｔ（发芽）．
sprout (� -;t:). Ｙｅｔ
Yet ｏｎｃｅ
onceｔｈｅｙ
theyｓｔａｒｔ
start ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ，
growing,
ｓｕｃｈ
suchｐｌａｎｔｓ
plantsｓｅｅｍ
seemｎｏｔnotｔｏ toｒｅｔａｉｎ
retainｔｈｅ
theａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
ability ｔｏ ｈｉｔ the
to hit ｔｈｅpause
ｐａｕｓｅ button
ｂｕｔｔｏｎ onｏｎ rrmbolism
ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ ｉｎin ｔｈｅｉｒ ｓｔｅｍｓ orｏｒ leaves.
their stems ｌｅａｖｅｓ．

淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
６ １２
第 6／12页
［Ｈ］
[H]Ａｆｔｅｒ
Afterｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｉｎｇ
completingｈｅｒ
herＰｈ．Ｄ．ｏｎ ｓｅｅｄｓ，
Ph.D. on seeds,Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Farrantｂｅｇａｎ
beganｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｎｇ
investigating ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｉｔit ｍｉｇｈｔ
might ｂｅ
be ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ
possible ｔｏ
to
ｉｓｏｌａｔｅ ｔｈｅ properties
isolate the ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓthatｔｈａｔ ｍａｋｅmost
make ｍｏｓｔseeds
ｓｅｅｄｓsoｓｏresilient
ｒｅｓｌｉｅｎｔ（迅速恢复活力的）ａｎｄ
( il!!.�·tJE.jU½ JJ fm ) andｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｏ
transfer them to
ｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｐｌａｎｔ
plant ｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ． Ｗｈａｔ Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
tissues. What Farrant ａｎｄ
and ｏｔｈｅｒｓ
others ｈａｖｅ
have ｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｏｖｅｒ
overｔｈｅ
theｐａｓｔ
past ｔｗｏ
twoｄｅｃａｄｅｓ
decadesｉｓisｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ
are
ｍａｎｙ
manyｇｅｎｅｓ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ
genes involvedｉｎinｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
resurrection ｐｌａｎｔｓ＇ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ ｔｏ dryness.
plants' response to ｄｒｙｎｅｓｓ．Many
Ｍａｎｙ ｏｆof ｔｈｅｍ
them ａｒｅ
are ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｔｈａｔ
the same that
ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅ
regulate ｈｏｗ
howｓｅｅｄｓ
seedsｂｅｃｏｍｅ ｄｒｙｎｅｓｓ－ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔ
become ｗｈｉｌｅ
dryness-tolerant ｓｔｉｌｌ
while stillａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ
attached ｔｏto ｔｈｅｉｒ ｐａｒｅｎｔ plants.
their parent ｐｌａｎｔｓ．Now
Ｎｏｗ ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅ
they are
ｔｒｙｉｎｇ
trying ｔｏto ｆｉｇｕｒｅ
figure ｏｕｔ
out ｗｈａｔ
whatｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒ
molecularｓｉｇｎａｌｉｎｇ
signalingｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ
processes ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅ
activate ｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｓｅｅｄ－ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ｇｅｎｅｓ inｉｎ
seed-building genes
ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
resurrection ｐｌａｎｔｓ—ａｎｄ
s
plant-and how ｈｏｗ ｔｏto ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ
reproduce ｔｈｅｍ
themｉｎin ｃｒｏｐｓ．＂Ｍｏｓｔ
crops. "Mostｇｅｎｅｓ
genesａｒｅ
areｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄ
regulated ｂｙ
by ａa ｍａｓｔｅｒ ｓｅｔ
master set
ｏｆofｇｅｎｅｓ，＂Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
genes," Farrantｓａｙｓ．＂Ｗｅｒｅ
says. "We'reｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ
lookingａｔatｇｅｎｅ
geneｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒｓ
promotersａｎｄ
andｗｈａｔ
whatｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｂｅbeｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｍａｓｔｅｒ
master ｓｗｉｔｃｈ．＂
switch."
•.

［］[I]Ｏｎｃｅ Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Once Farrantａｎｄand
ｈｅｒherｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ
colleaguesｆｅｅｌ
feelｔｈｅｙ
theyｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｓｅｎｓｅ
sense ｏｆ
of ｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｓ
switchesｔｏto ｔｈｒｏｗ，
throw, ｔｈｅｙ
they ｗｉｌｌ
will
ｈａｖｅ
haveｔｏto ｆｉｎｄ
find ｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ ｗａｙ ｔｏto ｄｏ
best way do ｓｏ
so ｉｎ
in ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ｃｒｏｐｓ．＂Ｉｍ
useful cro
ps. "I'mｔｒｙｉｎｇ
trying ｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ
methods ｏｆ
of ｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ，＂
breeding,"
Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Farrantｓａｙｓ：
says: ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ， ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ modification
conventional, genetic ｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ and
ａｎｄ gene
ｇｅｎｅ ｅｄｉｔｉｎｇ． Ｓｈｅ says
editing. She ｓａｙｓ she
ｓｈｅ ｉｓ ａｗａｒｅ ｔｈａｔ
is aware that
ｐｌｅｎｔｙ
plenty ｏｆ
of ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｄｏdo ｎｏｔ
not ｗａｎｔ
wantｔｏtoｅａｔ
eat ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ crops,
genetically modified ｃｒｏｐｓ， but
ｂｕｔ she
ｓｈｅ isｉｓpushing
ｐｕｓｈｉｎｇ ahead
ａｈｅａｄ with
ｗｉｔｈ
ｅｖｅｒｙ
everyａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ
available ｔｏｏｌ ｕｎｔｉｌone
tool until ｏｎｅworks.
ｗｏｒｋｓ．Farmers
Ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ and
ａｎｄ consumers
ｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｓ ａｌｉｋｅ ｃａｎ choose
alike can ｃｈｏｏｓｅ whether
ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｏｒor ｎｏｔ ｔｏ
not to
ｕｓｅ
useｗｈｉｃｈｅｖｅｒ
whicheverｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ
versionｐｒｅｖａｉｌｓ： ＂Ｉｍ ｇｉｖｉｎｇ
prevails: "I'm giving ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ａｎ
an ｏｐｔｉｏｎ．＂
option."

［Ｊ］
(J] Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Farrant ａｎｄ
andｏｔｈｅｒｓ
othersｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
resurrection ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
businessｇｏｔ
gotｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ
togetherｌａｓｔ
last ｙｅａｒ
year ｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓ the
to discuss ｔｈｅ best
ｂｅｓｔ species
ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ of
ｏｆ
ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
resurrection ｐｌａｎｔ
plant ｔｏ
to ｕｓｅ
use ａｓ
as ａa ｌａｂ
lab ｍｏｄｅｌ．
model.Ｊｕｓｔ
Just ｌｉｋｅ
like ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ
medicalｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchersｕｓｅ
useｒａｔｓ
rats ｔｏto ｔｅｓｔ
test ｉｄｅａｓ
ideas ｆｏｒ
for
ｈｕｍａｎ
humanｍｅｄｉｃａｌ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ，
medical treatments,ｂｏｔａｎｉｓｔｓ
botanists ｕｓｅuse ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants ｔｈａｔ
that ａｒｅ
are ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｅａｓｙtoｔｏgrow
relatively easy ｇｒｏｗ inｉｎ aａ lab
ｌａｂ ｏｒor
greenhouseｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ
ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅ settingｔｏtoｔｅｓｔ
test ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ideas
ｉｄｅａｓ for
ｆｏｒ related
ｒｅｌａｔｅｄspecies.
ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ．The
Ｔｈｅ Queensland rockｖｉｏｌｅｔ
Ｑｕｅｅｎｓｌａｎｄ ｒｏｃｋ violet ｉｓ
is one of the
ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
bestｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ
ｂｅｓｔ studiedｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
resurrection ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants soｓｏ far,
ｆａｒ，with
ｗｉｔｈa dr ft genome
ａ aｄｒａｆｔ (� fl;J m it) published last
ｇｅｎｏｍｅ（基因图谱）ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｌａｓｔ year
ｙｅａｒ by
ｂｙ aａ
Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
Chineseｔｅａｍ．
team. Ａｌｓｏ
Alsoｌａｓｔ
last ｙｅａｒ，
year, Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ ａｎｄ ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ
Farrant and colleagues ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
published ａa ｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒ study
detailed molecular ｓｔｕｄｙ of
ｏｆ
ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
anotherｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅ，Ｘｅｒｏｐｈｙｔａ
candidate, Xerophyta ｖｉｓｃｏｓａ，
viscosa,ａ aｔｏｕｇｈ－ａｓ－ｎａｉｌ
tough-as-nailＳｏｕｔｈ
SouthＡｆｒｉｃａｎ
Africanｐｌａｎｔ
plantｗｉｔｈ
withｌｉｌｙ－ｌｉｋｅ
lily-like ｆｌｏｗｅｒｓ，
flowers,
ａｎｄandｓｈｅsheｓａｙｓ
saysｔｈａｔ
thatａa ｇｅｎｏｍｅ
genomeｉｓisｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｗａｙ．
way.Ｏｎｅ ｏｒorｂｏｔｈ
One bothｏｆofｔｈｅｓｅ
theseｍｏｄｅｌｓ
modelsｗｉｌｌ
willｈｅｌｐ
helpｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ｔｅｓｔ
test
ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｉｄｅａｓ—ｓｏ
ideas-soｆａｒ
farｍｏｓｔｌｙ
mostlyｄｏｎｅ ｉｎ inｔｈｅtheｌａｂ——ｏｎ
done lab-onｔｅｓｔ
test ｐｌｏｔｓ．
plots.

［Ｋ］
[K]Ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
Understandingｔｈｅtheｂａｓｉｃ
basicｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
science ｆｉｒｓｔ
first isｉｓkey.
ｋｅｙ．There
Ｔｈｅｒｅareａｒｅgood
ｇｏｏｄreasons
ｒｅａｓｏｎｓwhy
ｗｈｙ crop
ｃｒｏｐ plants
ｐｌａｎｔｓ do
ｄｏ not
ｎｏｔ use
ｕｓｅ
ｄｒｙｎｅｓｓ
drynessｄｅｆｅｎｓｅｓ
defensesａｌｒｅａｄｙ．
already. Ｆｏｒ
For ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ， ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓaａhigh
instance, there's ｈｉｇｈ energy
ｅｎｅｒｇｙ cost
ｃｏｓｔ inｉｎ switching
ｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇ from
ｆｒｏｍ ａa ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
regular
ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ
metabolismｔｏtoａｎanａｌｍｏｓｔ－ｎｏ－ｗａｔｅｒ
almost-no-waterｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ．
metabolism.ＩｔItｗｉｌｌ
will ａｌｓｏ ｂｅ ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ
also be necessary ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ what
to understand ｗｈａｔ ｓｏｒｔ
sort
ｏｆ ｙｉｅｌｄ ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｅｘｐｅｃｔ ａｎｄ ｔｏ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈ ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｎｔ＇ｓ ｓａｆｅｔｙ．＂Ｔｈｅ ｙｉｅｌｄ ｉｓ ｎｅｖｅｒ ｇｏｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｂｅ
of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be
ｈｉｇｈ，＂Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
high," Farrantｓａｙｓ，
says,ｓｏsoｔｈｅｓｅ
these ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ targeted
will be ｔａｒｇｅｔｅｄ not
ｎｏｔ atａｔIowa
Ｉｏｗａ farmers
ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ trying
ｔｒｙｉｎｇtoｔｏsqueeze
ｓｑｕｅｅｚｅ more
ｍｏｒｅ
ｃａｓｈ
cashｏｕｔ
outｏｆofｈｉｇｈ－ｙｉｅｌｄ
high-yieldｆｉｅｌｄｓ， ｂｕｔ subsistence
fields, but ｓｕｂｓｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ farmers
ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ who
ｗｈｏ ｎｅｅｄ
need ｈｅｌｐ
help ｔｏto ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ
survive ａa ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ
drought ｌｉｋｅ ｔｈｅ
like the
ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｏｎｅ inｉｎ South
present one Ｓｏｕｔｈ Africa.
Ａｆｒｉｃａ．＂Ｍｙ
"Myｖｉｓｉｏｎ
vision ｉｓ
is ｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅ ｓｕｂｓｉｓｔｅｎｃｅfarmer,"
the subsistence ｆａｒｍｅｒ，＂Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ ｓａｙｓ．＂Ｉｍ
Farrant says. "I'm
ｔａｒｇｅｔｉｎｇ ｃｒｏｐｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ｏｆ Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ ｖａｌｕｅ．＂
targeting crops that are of African value."

３６．Ｔｈｅｒｅ
36. Thereａｒｅareａ aｃｏｕｐｌｅ
coupleｏｆofｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants ｔｏｕｇｈ
toughａｎｄ
andａｄａｐｔａｂｌｅ
adaptable ｅｎｏｕｇｈ
enoughｔｏtoｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ
survive ｏｎ
onｂａｒｅ
bare ｒｏｃｋｙ
rockyｈｉｌｌｓ ａｎｄ in
hills and ｉｎ
ｄｅｓｅｒｔｓ．
deserts.

３７．
37.Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Farrant ｉｓis ｔｒｙｉｎｇ
trying ｔｏ ｉｓｏｌａｔｅgenes
to isolate ｇｅｎｅｓ inｉｎ resurrection
ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎplants
ｐｌａｎｔｓand
ａｎｄreproduce
ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ them
ｔｈｅｍ ｉｎ
in ｃｒｏｐｓ．
crops.

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
７ １２
第 7／12页
３８．Ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ ｉｎ inＳｏｕｔｈ
38. Farmers Ａｆｒｉｃａ
South ａｒｅareｍｏｒｅmore
Africa ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｒｃｙ
at the ｏｆ ｎａｔｕｒｅ，
mercy ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
of nature, especiallyｉｎｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ
inconsistentｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ．
rainfall.

３９．Ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
39. Resurrectionｃｒｏｐｓ
cropsａｒｅ
areｍｏｓｔ
mostｌｉｋｅｌｙ
likelyｔｏto ｂｅ
beｔｈｅ
the ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choice ｏｆ
of ｓｕｂｓｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ
subsistence ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ．
farmers.

４０．Ｅｖｅｎ ｔｈｏｕｇｈ
40. Even ｍａｎｙmany
though ｐｌａｎｔｓ ｈａｖｅhave
plants ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
developed ｔａｃｔｉｃｓ
various tacticsｔｏto ｃｏｐｅ
cope ｗｉｔｈ
with ｄｒｙ
dry ｗｅａｔｈｅｒ，
weather, ｔｈｅｙ ｃａｎｎｏｔ
they cannot
ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ
survive ａa ｐｒｏｌｏｎｇｅｄ
prolonged ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ．
drought.

４１．
41 . Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ
Despite ｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒ
consumerｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，
resistance, ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ａｒｅ ｐｕｓｈｉｎｇ ａｈｅａｄ
are pushing ahead ｗｉｔｈ
with ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ
genetic ｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
modification ｏｆ
of ｃｒｏｐｓ．
crops.

４２．Ｍｏｓｔ ｓｅｅｄｓ
42. Most ｃａｎcanｐｕｌｌpullｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
seeds throughｄｒｙdryｓｐｅｌｌｓ
spellsａｎｄ
andｂｅｇｉｎ
beginｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
growingｗｈｅｎ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ
when conditionsａｒｅareｒｉｐｅ，
ripe, ｂｕｔ
but ｏｎｃｅ
once ｔｈｉｓ
this
ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
processｓｔａｒｔｓ，
starts, itｉｔ cannot
ｃａｎｎｏｔ beｂｅ held
ｈｅｌｄ back.
ｂａｃｋ．
４３．
43. Ｆａｒｒａｎｔ
Farrant ｉｓ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｈａｒｄ
is working hard ｔｏto ｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｅ ｆｏｏｄ crops
cultivate food ｃｒｏｐｓ that
ｔｈａｔcan
ｃａｎ survive
ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅextr
ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅ ｄｒｙｎｅｓｓ by
eme dryness ｂｙ studying
ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ
the
ｔｒａｉｔｓ
traits ｏｆ ｒａｒｅ wild
of rare ｗｉｌｄ ｐｌａｎｔｓ．
plants.

４４．
44. Ｂｙ
Byａｄｊｕｓｔｉｎｇ
adjusting ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ，
metabolism, ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｐｌａｎｔｓcanｃａｎrecover
resurrection plants ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒfrom
ｆｒｏｍ anａｎ extended
ｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄ period
ｐｅｒｉｏｄ of
ｏｆ
ｄｒｏｕｇｈｔ．
drought.

４５．
45.Ｒｅｓｕｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Resurrectionｐｌａｎｔｓ
plantsｃａｎ
canｃｏｍｅ
comeｂａｃｋback
ｔｏ ｌｉｆｅ
to lifeｉｎ inａ aｓｈｏｒｔ
shortｔｉｍｅ
timeａｆｔｅｒ
afterａ aｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ．
rainfall.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions :Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereａｒｅ
are２ 2ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｉｎinｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
section. Each passage ｉｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ by
i.s followed ｂｙ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ
questions or
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．For
unfini.shed statements. Ｆｏｒeach
ｅａｃｈofｏｆthem
ｔｈｅｍthere
ｔｈｅｒｅ
are ａｒｅ
fourｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices markedｍａｒｋｅｄ B) , C)
A ) , Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）
and D) .
ａｎｄ Ｄ）．Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｄｅｃｉｄｅ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ａｎｄ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
You shouU decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding ｏｎ
letter on
ＡｎｓＷｅｒ
AnswerＳｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with ｌｉｎｅlineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
a single throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions４６46ｔｏto ５０
50 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.

Ｈｕｍａｎ ｍｅｍｏｒｙ ｉｓ ｎｏｔｏｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ ｕｎｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅ．Ｅｖｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｓｈａｒｐｅｓｔ ｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｓｋｉｌｌｓ
Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills
ｃａｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒ ｓｏ ｍｕｃｈ．
can only remember so much.
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｔｏｕｇｈ ｔｏ ｑｕａｎｔｉｆｙ ｈｏｗ ｇｏｏｄ ａ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ ｉｓ ａｔ ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｉｎｇ． Ｎｏ ｏｎｅ ｒｅａｌｌｙ ｌｎｏｗｓ ｈｏｗ ｍａｎｙ
It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｆａｃｅｓ someone
different faces ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｃａｎ can ｒｅｃａｌｌ，
recall, forｆｏｒ example,
ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ， butｂｕｔ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
various ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｓ ｔｅｎｄ toｔｏ hover
estimates tend ｈｏｖｅｒ ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓ—ｂａｓｅｄ
thousands-basedｏｎonｔｈｅ theｎｕｍｂｅｒ
numberｏｆofａｃｑｕａｉｎｔａｎｃｅｓ
acquaintances ａa ｐｅｒｓｏｎ ｍｉｇｈｔ have.
person might ｈａｖｅ．
Ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ
Machines ａｒｅｎ＇ｔ
aren'tｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ
limitedｔｈｉｓ ｗａｙ． Ｇｉｖｅ
this way. Give ｔｈｅ
the ｒｉｇｈｔ ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ ａa ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ
right computer massive ｄａｔａｂａｓｅ
database ｏｆof ｆａｃｅｓ，ａｎｄ
faces, and ｉｔ ｃａｎ
it can
ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｗｈａｔ ｉｔ ｓｅｅｓ—ｔｈｅｎ ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅ ａ ｆａｃｅ ｉｔ＇ｓ ｔｏｌｄ ｔｏ ｆｉｎｄ—ｗｉｔｈ ｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅ ｓｐｅｅｄ ａｎｄ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ．
process what it sees-then recogize n
a face it's told to find-with remarkable speed and precision.
Ｔｈｉｓ ｓｋｉｌｌ ｉｓ ｗｈａｔ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｓ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｏｒｍｏｕｓ ｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ ｏｆ ｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ２ｌｓｔ ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ．
This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21 st century.
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ａｌｓｏ what
It's also ｗｈａｔ makes
ｍａｋｅｓ ｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ
contemporaryｓｕｒｖｅｉｌｌａｎｃｅ
surveillance ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ
systems ｓｏ
so ｓｃａｒｙ．
scary.
Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｈｉｎｇ
thingｉｓ，
is, ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ
machinesｓｔｉｌｌ
still ｈａｖｅ
have ｌｉｍｉｔａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｈｅｎ ｉｔit ｃｏｍｅｓ
limitations when comesｔｏtoｆａｃｉａｌ
facial ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ．
recognition. Ａｎｄ
Andｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ
scientists
are ｏｎｌｙ
ａｒｅ only ｊｕｓｔ
just ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ
beginning ｔｏ to ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ
understand ｗｈａｔ what ｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｓ
constraints are.
ａｒｅ．ToＴｏ begin
ｂｅｇｉｎ toｔｏ figure
ｆｉｇｕｒｅout
ｏｕｔ how
ｈｏｗ

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
８ １２
第 8／12页
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ
computersａｒｅ
areｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇ，
struggling, ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers atａｔ the
ｔｈｅUniver
Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
sity ofｏｆWashington
Ｗａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ created
ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ aａ massive
ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ database
ｄａｔａｂａｓｅ of
ｏｆ
ｆａｃｅｓ—ｔｈｅｙ
faces-theyｃａｌｌcall ｉｔ ＭｅｇａＦａｃｅ—ａｎｄ ｔｅｓｔｅｄ
it MegaFace-and tested ａa ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ
variety ｏｆ
of ｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ ( 1f:. 5¼ ) as they
ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ（算法）ａｓ
facial-recognition algorithms ｔｈｅｙ
ｓｃａｌｅｄ
scaledｕｐupｉｎinｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｔｙ．Ｔｈｅ
complexity. Theｉｄｅａideaｗａｓwasｔｏ toｔｅｓｔ
testｔｈｅ
the ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ
machinesｏｎonａ aｄａｔａｂａｓｅ
databaseｔｈａｔ
that ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ
included ｕｐ
up ｔｏ to １1 ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ
million
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｉｍａｇｅｓ ｏｆ ｎｅａｒｌｙ ７００，０００ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ—ａｎｄ ｎｏｔ ｊｕｓｔ ａ ｌａｒｇｅ ｄａｔａｂａｓｅ ｆｅａｔｕｒｉｎｇ aａ
different images of nearly 700, 000 different people-and not just a large database featuring
ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｓｍａｌｌ number
relatively small ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆofｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different ｆａｃｅｓ， ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ
faces, more ｗｉｔｈ what's
consistent with ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ been
ｂｅｅｎ ｕｓｅｄ
used ｉｎ
in ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．
research.
ＡｓAsｔｈｅtheｄａｔａｂａｓｅｓ
databases ｇｒｅｗ，
grew, ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ
machineａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ
accuracyｄｉｐｐｅｄ
dippedａｃｒｏｓｓ
acrossｔｈｅ
the ｂｏａｒｄ．
board. Ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ
Algorithms ｔｈａｔ
that ｗｅｒｅ
were ｒｉｇｈｔ
right
９５ｏｆ
95%ｔｈｅ ｔｉｍｅtime
of the ｗｈｅｎwhen
ｔｈｅｙthey
ｗｅｒｅwere
ｄｅａｌｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈwithａ １３，０００－ｉｍａｇｅ
dealing ｄａｔａｂａｓｅ，
a 1 3,000-image database,ｆｏｒ
for ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，
example, ｗｅｒｅ
were ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ
accurate
ａｂｏｕｔ
about７０ｏｆ
70% ｔｈｅ ｔｉｍｅtime
of the ｗｈｅｎwhen
ｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈwith
confronted １ ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ ｉｍａｇｅｓ．
1 million Ｔｈａｔ＇ｓ
images. ｓｔｉｌｌ
That's still ｐｒｅｔｔｙ ｇｏｏｄ， says
pretty good, ｓａｙｓ one
ｏｎｅ ofｏｆ
ｔｈｅtheｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ， ＩｒａKemelmacher-Shlizerman.
researchers, Ira Ｋｅｍｅｌｍａｃｈｅｒ－Ｓｈｌｉｚｅｒｍａｎ．＂Ｍｕｃｈ
"Muchｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｔｈａｎ ｗｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ，＂ｓｈｅ
than we expected," she ｓａｉｄ．
said.
Ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ
Machines ａｌｓｏ
alsoｈａｄhadｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙ
difficulty ａｄｊｕｓｔｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ people
adjusting for ｐｅｏｐｌｅ whoｗｈｏ ｌｏｏｋ
look ａa ｌｏｔ ａｌｉｋｅ—ｅｉｔｈｅｒdoppelgangers
lot alike-either ｄｏｐｐｅｌｇａｎｇｅｒｓ（长 ( -¥:.
�l:l�:ffl1tl. � A. ) , whom the machine would have trouble identifying
相极相似的人），ｗｈｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ ｔｒｏｕｂｌｅ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇ ａｓ ｔｗｏ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ， ｏｒ ｔｈｅ as two separate people, or the
ｓａｍｅ
sameｐｅｒｓｏｎ
personｗｈｏwho ａｐｐｅａｒｅｄ
appearedｉｎ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
in differentｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photosａｔ atｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different ａｇｅｓ
ages ｏｒor ｉｎin ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ，whom
different lighting, ｗｈｏｍ ｔｈｅ
the
ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ
machineｗｏｕｌｄ
would ｉｎｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｌｙ
incorrectly ｖｉｅｗ
viewａｓas ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．
separate people.
＂Ｏｎｃｅ ｗｅ ｓｃａｌｅ ｕｐ， ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ ｍｕｓｔ ｂｅ ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ ｔｏ ｔｉｎｙ ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ ｉｎ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ
"Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same
ｔｉｍｅ ｉｎｖａｒｉａｎｔ ｔｏ ｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ， ｐｏｓｅ， ａｇｅ，＂Ｋｅｍｅｌｍａｃｈｅｒ－Ｓｈｌｉｚｅｒｍａｎ ｓａｉｄ．
time invariant to lighting, pose, age," Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.
Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｒｏｕｂｌｅ
trouble ｉｓ，ｆｏｒ
is, for ｍａｎｙ
manyｏｆofｔｈｅtheｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ｗｈｏ＇ｄ
who'dｌｉｋｅ
like ｔｏto ｄｅｓｉｇｎ
design ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ
systems ｔｏto ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ
address ｔｈｅｓｅ
these
ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓ， ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ ｄａｔａｓｅｔｓ ｆｏｒ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｊｕｓｔ ｄｏｎ＇ｔ ｅｘｉｓｔ—ａｔ ｌｅａｓｔ， ｎｏｔ ｉｎ ｆｏｒｍａｔｓ ｔｈａｔ are
challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist-at least, not in form ats that ａｒｅ
ａｃｃｅｓｓｉｂｌｅ
accessibleｔｏto ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ
academicｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ．
researchers. Ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ
Training ｓｅｔｓ ｌｉｋｅtheｔｈｅones
sets like ｏｎｅｓGoogle
Ｇｏｏｇｌｅ and ａｎｄ Facebook
Ｆａｃｅｂｏｏｋ ｈａｖｅ
haveａｒｅ
areｐｒｉｖａｔｅ．
private.
Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｎｏ ｐｕｂｌｉｃ ｄａｔａｂａｓｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎ ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ｆａｃｅｓ． ＭｅｇａＦａｃｅ＇ｓ ｃｒｅａｔｏｒｓ ｓａｙ ｉｔ＇ｓ ｔｈｅ ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ
There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest
ｐｕｂｌｉｃｌｙ
publiclyａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ
available ｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ
facial-recognition ｄａｔａｓｅｔ
dataset ｏｕｔ
out ｔｈｅｒｅ．
there.
＂Ａｎ"An
ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅ
ultimateｆａｃｅ
faceｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ
recognitionａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍ
algorithmｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ
performｗｉｔｈwithｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｓ
billions ｏｆ of ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｉｎ
in aａ dataset,"
ｄａｔａｓｅｔ，＂ｔｈｅthe
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｗｒｏｔｅ．
researchers wrote.

４６．
46. Ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ
Compared ｗｉｔｈ ｈｕｍａｎ ｍｅｍｏｒｙ，
with human memory, ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ ｃａｎ ___
machines can
Ａ）A)ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
identify ｈｕｍａｎ
humanｆａｃｅｓ
facesｍｏｒｅ
moreｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙ
efficiently Ｃ）C)ｓｔｏｒｅ
store ａｎ
an ｕｎｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ of
unlimited number ｏｆ human
ｈｕｍａｎ ｆａｃｅｓ
faces
Ｂ）B)ｔｅｌｌ
tell aａ friend
ｆｒｉｅｎｄ from
ｆｒｏｍ aａ mere
ｍｅｒｅ acquaintance
ａｃｑｕａｉｎｔａｎｃｅ Ｄ）D)ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅ
perceiveｉｍａｇｅｓ
imagesｉｎｖｉｓｉｂｌｅ ｔｏ the
invisible to ｔｈｅhuman
ｈｕｍａｎ eye
ｅｙｅ

４７．
47. Ｗｈｙ
Whyｄｉｄ
didｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｃｒｅａｔｅMegaFace?
researchers create ＭｅｇａＦａｃｅ？
Ａ）A)ＴｏToｅｎｌａｒｇｅ
enlargeｔｈｅ
theｖｏｌｕｍｅ
volume ｏｆofｔｈｅtheｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ
facial-recognition ｄａｔａｂａｓｅ．
database.
B) To
Ｂ）Ｔｏ increase
ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｔｈｅtheｖａｒｉｅｔｙ
varietyｏｆofｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ
facial-recognition ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ．
software.
Ｃ）C)ＴｏToｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ
understandｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ＇ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
computers' problems with
ｗｉｔｈ facialｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ．
ｆａｃｉａｌ recognition.
Ｄ）D)ＴｏToｒｅｄｕｃｅ
reduceｔｈｅtheｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｔｙ
complexityｏｆof facial-recognition ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ．
ｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ algorithms.

４８．
48. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｓａｙ about
passage say ａｂｏｕｔ machine
ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ accuracy?
ａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ？
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｆａｌｌｓ
falls short
ｓｈｏｒｔ of
ｏｆ researchers' expectations.
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ＇ｅｘｐｅｃｔａｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｃ） C)
Ｉｔ Itｖａｒｉｅｓ
variesｇｒｅａｔｌｙ
greatlyｗｉｔｈ
withｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ．
algorithms.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｓ
improves with
ｗｉｔｈ added
ａｄｄｅｄ computing
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇ power.
ｐｏｗｅｒ． Ｄ） D)
Ｉｔ Itｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｓ
decreasesａｓasｔｈｅ
theｄａｔａｂａｓｅ
databaseｓｉｚｅ
size ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ．
increases.

４９．
49. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓisｓａｉｄ
said ｔｏ
to ｂｅ
be ａa ｓｈｏｒｔｃｏｍｉｎｇ
shortcoming ｏｆ
ofｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ？
facial-recognition machines?
A) They
Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ cannot
ｃａｎｎｏｔ easily
ｅａｓｉｌｙ tellａｐａｒｔ
ｔｅｌｌ apart ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｗｉｔｈ
with ｎｅａｒ－ｉｄｅｎｔｉｃａｌ
near-identical appearances.
ａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
They have
ｈａｖｅ difficultyｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇ
ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙ identifying ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ
changesｉｎinｆａｃｉａｌ
facial expressions.
ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ．

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
９ １２
第 9／12页
 Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｎｏｔ
notｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ
sensitive to
ｔｏ minute
ｍｉｎｕｔｅ changes
ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ in
ｉｎ people's
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓmood.
ｍｏｏｄ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
haveｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
problemsｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｉｎｇ
distinguishing ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ａｇｅ．
the same age.

５０．
50.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓisｔｈｅ
theｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙ
difficulty ｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔｉｎｇ
confronting ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｏｆ facial-recognition
researchers of ｆａｃｉａｌ－ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎmachines?
ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ？
Ａ）A)ＮｏNoｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ
computer ｉｓ isｙｅｔ
yetａｂｌｅ
ableｔｏto ｈａｎｄｌｅ
handle ｈｕｇｅ
huge ｄａｔａｓｅｔｓ
datasets of
ｏｆ human faces.
ｈｕｍａｎ ｆａｃｅｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereｄｏdoｎｏｔnotｅｘｉｓｔ
existｐｕｂｌｉｃ
publicｄａｔａｂａｓｅｓ
databasesｗｉｔｈ
withｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ
sufficient face
ｆａｃｅ samples.
ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereａｒｅareｎｏnoａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ
appropriateａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ
algorithmsｔｏto ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
process ｔｈｅ
the ｆａｃｅ
face samples.
ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
have troubleｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｉｎｇ
ｔｒｏｕｂｌｅ convertingｆａｃｅ
facｄａｔａｓｅｔｓ
e datasetsｉｎｔｏ
into ｔｈｅ
the ｒｉｇｈｔ
right format.
ｆｏｒｍａｔ．

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５１51ｔｏto ５５
55 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
passage.

Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereａｒｅ
areｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙ
currently ２１．５
21.5 ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ
million ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ America,
students in Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ， and
ａｎｄ ｍａｎｙ
manyｗｉｌｌ
will ｂｅ
be ｆｕｎｄｉｎｇ
fundingｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｏｎ
college on
borrowedｍｏｎｅｙ．
ｂｏｒｒｏｗｅｄ money. Given
Ｇｉｖｅｎ ｔｈａｔthat there'sｎｏｗnow
ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ ｏｖｅｒover
￥１．３$ ｔｒｉｌｌｉｏｎ
13 trillionｉｎ inｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
studentｌｏａｎｓ
loansｏｎonｔｈｅtheｂｏｏｋｓ，
books,ｉｔ＇ｓ
it's ｐｒｅｔｔｙ
pretty
ｃｌｅａｒ
clear ｔｈａｔ
that ｍａｎｙ
manyｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ａｒｅ
are ｆａｒ
far ｆｒｏｍ
from ｓｅｎｓｉｂｌｅ． Ｔｈｅ average
sensible. The ａｖｅｒａｇｅ student's
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ＇ｓdebt
ｄｅｂｔupon
ｕｐｏｎ graduation
ｇｒａｄｕａｔｉｏｎnow
ｎｏｗ
ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓ
approaches ￥４０，０００，
$40, 000, ａｎｄ
and ａｓas ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
college ｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ
becomes ｅｖｅｒ
ever ｍｏｒｅ
more ｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ，
expensive, ｃａｌｌｓ
calls toｔｏmake
ｍａｋｅ itｉｔ"＂ｆｒｅｅ＂ａｒｅ
free " are
ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｙｉｎｇ．
multiplying. Ｅｖｅｎ
EvenＨｉｌｌａｒｙ
Hillary Ｃｌｉｎｔｏｎ
Clinton ｓａｙｓ
says ｔｈａｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｉｔit comes
that when ｃｏｍｅｓ ｔｏto ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ，＂Ｃｏｓｔｓ
college, "Costs ｗｏｎ＇ｔ
won'tｂｅ
beａa ｂａｒｒｉｅｒ．＂
barrier."
ＢｕｔButｔｈｅtheｏｎｌｙ
onlyｗａｙway
ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｃｏｕｌｄ
college ｂｅ be
could ｆｒｅｅfreeｉｓ isｉｆifｔｈｅtheｆａｃｕｌｔｙ
faculty ａｎｄ
and ｓｔａｆｆ ｄｏｎａｔｅｄ ｔｈｅｉｒ
staff donated ｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅ
their time, ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ
the buildings
ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
requiredｎｏnoｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅ，ａｎｄ
maintenance, andｔｈｅtheｃａｍｐｕｓｅｓ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
campuses ｎｏｕｔｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．
required no utilities.ＡｓAsｌｏｎｇ
longａｓasｉｔ＇ｓ ｉｍｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ toｔｏ produce
it's impossible ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ
somethingｆｒｏｍ ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇ，
from nothing,ｃｏｓｔｓ
costsａｒｅareａｂｓｏｌｕｔｅｌｙ
absolutelyａ aｂａｒｒｉｅｒ．
barrier.
ＴｈｅTheａｃｔｕａｌ
actualｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ
question ｗｅ
weｄｅｂａｔｅ
debateｉｓis ｗｈｏ
whoｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｐａｙ
payｆｏｒ
forｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｔｏtoｇｏgoｔｏtoｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ．Ｉｆ
college. If ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ ａｒｅ toｔｏ
taxpayers are
ｂｅａｒ
bearｔｈｅ theｃｏｓｔ
cost ｏｆ
of ｆｏｒｇｉｖｉｎｇ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ loans,
forgiving student ｌｏａｎｓ，shouldn't
ｓｈｏｕｌｄｎｔthey
ｔｈｅｙhave
ｈａｖｅaａsay
ｓａｙinｉｎhow
ｈｏｗ their
ｔｈｅｉｒmoney
ｍｏｎｅｙ isｉｓused?
ｕｓｅｄ？
ＡｔAtｌｅａｓｔ
least ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ be
taxpayers should ｂｅ able
ａｂｌｅ toｔｏ decide
ｄｅｃｉｄｅ what
ｗｈａｔ students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ will
ｗｉｌｌstudy
ｓｔｕｄｙonｏｎtheｔｈｅpublic
ｐｕｂｌｉｃdime.
ｄｉｍｅ．Ｉｆ
If weｗｅ
ａｒｅareｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏtoｆｏｒｃｅ
forceｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ
taxpayersｔｏto ｆｏｏｔ
foot ｔｈｅ
the ｂｉｌｌ
bill ｆｏｒ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ degrees,
for college ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ， students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ should
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ only
ｏｎｌｙ study
ｓｔｕｄｙ ｔｈｏｓｅ
those
subjects ｔｈａｔ
ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ that ａｒｅ
are ｏｆ
of ｇｒｅａｔｅｓｔ
greatest benefit
ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ toｔｏ taxpayers.
ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ．After
Ａｆｔｅｒ all,
ａｌｌ，students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓmaking
ｍａｋｉｎｇ their
ｔｈｅｉｒown choices ｉｎ
ｏｗｎ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ in ｔｈｉｓ
this
ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔ
respect ｉｓ ｗｈａｔ ｃａｕｓｅｄ
is what caused ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
problem ｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｆｉｒｓｔ ｐｌａｃｅ．WeＷｅ simply
first place. ｓｉｍｐｌｙ don't
ｄｏｎ＇ｔ need
ｎｅｅｄ more
ｍｏｒｅ ｐｏｅｔｒｙ， ｇｅｎｄｅｒ
poetry, gender
ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ， ｏｒ sociology
studies, or ｓｏｃｉｏｌｏｇｙ majors.
ｍａｊｏｒｓ．How
Ｈｏｗ ｄｏ
do ｗｅ
weｋｎｏｗ
knowｗｈｉｃｈ ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ
which subjectsｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ
benefit ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ？ Ｅａｓｙ．
society? Easy.
Ａｖｅｒａｇｅ
Averageｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇ
startingｓａｌａｒｉｅｓ ｇｉｖｅ aａ ｃｌｅａｒ
salaries give ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎofｏｆwhat
clear indication ｗｈａｔ type
ｔｙｐｅ of
ｏｆ training
ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ society
ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ needs
ｎｅｅｄｓ itsｉｔｓnew
ｎｅｗ
ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
workersｔｏtoｈａｖｅ．
have.Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ，ｔｈｅｒｅ
Certainly, thereａｒｅ
areｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
benefits ｔｏ
to aａ college
ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ major
ｍａｊｏｒ beyond
ｂｅｙｏｎｄ ｔｈｅ
the ｊｏｂ
job aａ student
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ can
ｃａｎ perform.
ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ．
Ｂｕｔ
Butｉｆifｗｅ＇ｒｅ
we'reｔａｌｋｉｎｇ
talkingａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
benefits ｔｏ
to ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ， ｔｈｅ only
society, the ｏｎｌｙ thing
ｔｈｉｎｇ that
ｔｈａｔmatters
ｍａｔｔｅｒｓisｉｓwhat
ｗｈａｔthe
ｔｈｅmajor
ｍａｊｏｒ enables
ｅｎａｂｌｅｓ
ｔｈｅtheｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
studentｔｏto ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ
produceｆｏｒ
forｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ． Ａｎｄ ｔｈｅtheｖａｌｕｅ
society. And valueｏｆofｗｈａｔ
whatｔｈｅ
theｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
studentｃａｎ
canｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ
produceｉｓisｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄ
reflected ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｗａｇｅ
wageｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｒｓ ａｒｅarｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ
employers e willingｔｏtoｐａｙ
payｔｈｅ
theｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
student ｔｏ
to ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ
produce ｉｔ．
it.
ＡAｌｏｗlowｗａｇｅ
wageｆｏｒfor elementary
ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙ schoolｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ，
ｓｃｈｏｏｌ teachers,ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，
however,ｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ
doesn't ｍｅａｎ
meanｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙ
elementaryｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
educationｉｓｎ＇ｔ
isn't
ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ．
important. Ｉｔ ｓｉｍｐｌｙ ｍｅａｎｓ
It simply meansｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ
are ｔｏｏ ｍａｎｙ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙ
too many elementaryｓｃｈｏｏｌ
schoolｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ
teachers ａｌｒｅａｄｙ．
already.
Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅ，
Meanwhile,ｔｈｅｒｅ there ａｒｅ
are ｆｅｗ
few ｗｈｏ
whoａｒｅareｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ
willing ａｎｄ
andａｂｌｅ
able ｔｏto ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ
perform ｊｏｂｓ
jobs ｒｅｑｕｉｒｉｎｇ
requiring aａ ｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ
petroleum
ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ
engineeringｍａｊｏｒ，
major, ｓｏ so ｔｈｅ
the ｖａｌｕｅ
value ｏｆ
of ｏｎｅ
one ｍｏｒｅ
moreｏｆofｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｉｓis ｖｅｒｙ
very ｈｉｇｈ．
high.
ＳｏSoｗｅweｃａｎcanｈａｖｅhaveｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ
taxpayersｐｉｃｋpickｕｐ upｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｔｕｉｔｉｏｎ
students' tuitionｉｎinｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ
exchangeｆｏｒforｄｉｃｔａｔｉｎｇ
dictating ｗｈａｔ
whatｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students
ｗｉｌｌ
will ｓｔｕｄｙ．
study. Or Ｏｒ ｗｅwe ｃａｎ can ａｌｌｏｗ
allowｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ｂｏｔｈ both ｔｏ
to ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
choose ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｍａｊｏｒｓ
majors ａｎｄ
and ｐａｙ
pay ｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
education
ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ．
themselves.Ｂｕｔ Butｉｎinｔｈｅthe ｅｎｄ，
end, ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆof ｔｗｏ
two ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
thingsｉｓis ｔｒｕｅ：
true:

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
１０ １２
第 10／12页
 Ｅｉｔｈｅｒ
Eitherａ aｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeｍａｊｏｒ
majorｉｓ isｗｏｒｔｈ ｉｔｓitsｃｏｓｔ
worth costｏｒorｉｔitｉｓｎ＇ｔ． Ｉｆyes,
isn't. If ｙｅｓ，taxpayer
ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒ financing
ｆｉｎａｎｃｉｎｇ isn't
ｉｓｎ＇ｔneeded.
ｎｅｅｄｅｄ．ＩｆIf not,
ｎｏｔ，
ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒ
taxpayerｆｉｎａｎｃｉｎｇ
financingｉｓｎ＇ｔ ｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅ．Either
isn't desirable. Ｅｉｔｈｅｒway,
ｗａｙ，taxpayers
ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓhave
ｈａｖｅ noｎｏ business
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ paying
ｐａｙｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
for students' college
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．
education.

５１．51.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅtheａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｔｈｉｎｋ
thinkｏｆofｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
college ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ｆｕｎｄｉｎｇ
funding ｔｈｅｉｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ through
their education ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ loans?
ｌｏａｎｓ？
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｏｎｌｙ
onlyｅｘｐｅｃｔ
expectｔｏtoｇｅｔ
get ｈｕｇｅ
hugeｒｅｔｕｒｎｓ．
returns. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ
benefit ａｔ
at ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ＇ｅｘｐｅｎｓｅ．
taxpayers' expense.
c
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ atingｉｎinａｎanｉｒｒａｔｉｏｎａｌ
Theyａｒｅareａｃｔｉｎｇ irrational way.
ｗａｙ． Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｉｌｌ
willｒｅｇｒｅｔ
regret doing
ｄｏｉｎｇ so
ｓｏ someday.
ｓｏｍｅｄａｙ．

５２．Ｉｎ
52. Inｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ＇ｓ
author's ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎ， ｆｒｅｅcollege
opinion, free ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅeducation
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎis ｉｓ＿＿＿＿＿
___
Ａ）A)ｉｍｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌ
impractical Ｃ）C)ａaｇｏａｌ
goal ｏto ｓｔｉｖｅ ｆｏｒ
strive for
Ｂ）ｕｎｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ
B) unsustainable Ｄ）D)ａ aｗａｙ
wayｔｏtoｓｏｃｉａｌ
social ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ
equality

５３．Ｗｈａｔ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
53. What ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
should ｄｏ doｉｆ ifｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ
students taxpayersａｒｅ
areｔｏtoｂｅａｒ
bearｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｃｏｓｔｓ？
college costs?
Ａ）A)Ｗｏｒｋ
Workｅｖｅｎ
evenｈａｒｄｅｒ
harderｔｏtoｒｅｐａｙ
repayｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ．
society.
Ｂ）B)Ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
Chooseｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｙ．
subjects more carefully.
Ｃ）C)Ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
Choose majors
ｍａｊｏｒｓ ｔｈａｔthat willｓｅｒｖｅ
ｗｉｌｌ serveｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ＇ｓ
society's ｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌ
practical needs.
ｎｅｅｄｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ａｌｌｏｗ
Allow taxpayers
ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ ｔｏ toｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅ
participateｉｎin ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
college ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ．
administration.

５４．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｏｅｓdoes
54. What ｔｈｅtheａｕｔｈｏｒ ｓａｙsayａｂｏｕｔ
author ｔｈｅtheｖａｌｕｅ
about valueｏｆofａ aｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ＇ｓ
student's ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ？
college education?
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｉｓ
is underestimated
ｕｎｄｅｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ by profit-seeking employers.
ｂｙ ｐｒｏｆｉｔ－ｓｅｅｋｉｎｇ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｒｓ．
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｉｓ
is to
ｔｏ be
ｂｅ proved
ｐｒｏｖｅｄ by
ｂｙ what they ｃａｎ
ｗｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ can ｄｏ
do ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｊｏｂ．
job.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｉｓisｗｅｌｌ
wellｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄ
reflectedｉｎin ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ａｖｅｒａｇｅ
averageｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇ
starting ｓａｌａｒｙ．
salary.
Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｉｓ ｅｍｂｏｄｉｅｄ ｉｎin ｈｏｗ
is embodied howｔｈｅｙ theyｒｅｍｏｖｅ
removeｓｏｃｉａｌ
socialｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓ．
barriers.

５５．
55. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｍｅｓｓａｇｅ
messageｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ
author ｗａｎｔ
wantｔｏto ｃｏｎｖｅｙ
convey ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ？
the passage?
Ａ）A)Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
Studentsｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｔｈｉｎｋ
thinkｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ
carefully ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whether ｔｏ
to ｇｏ
go ｔｏ
to ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ．
college.
Ｂ）B)Ｔａｘｐａｙｅｒｓ
Taxpayersｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｏｎｌｙ
onlyｆｉｎａｎｃｅ
financeｔｈｅ
theｍｏｓｔ
mostｇｉｆｔｅｄ
gifted ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ．
students.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｗｏｒｔｈ
worthｏｆofａ aｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
education ｉｓ
is ｏｐｅｎ
open ｔｏ
to ｄｅｂａｔｅ．
debate.
D) College students should fund their own education.
Ｄ） Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｆｕｎｄ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｏｗｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ
Part IV Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
Directions : For
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓ
thisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ ａｒｅare
part , you ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ３０ 30
allowed ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ｔｏ toｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ
minutes translateａaｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｆｒｏｍ
from Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
Chinese ｉｎｔｏ
into
Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．Ｙｏｕ
English. You ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅyour
should write ｙｏｕｒanswer
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Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
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淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
１１ １２
第 11／12页
Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing （３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
(30 minutes)
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（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓthisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
Directions: For part , youａｒｅareａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowed３０30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutesｔｏtoｗｒｉｔｅ
write ａｎan ｅｓｓａｙ
essay on ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ importance
ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ ofｏｆ
ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ
buildingｔｒｕｓｔ
trust ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
betweenｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｒｓ
employersａｎｄandｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ．
employees.ＹｏｕYouｃａｎcan
ｃｉｔｅciteｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ
examples ｔｏtoｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ
illustrate
ｙｏｕｒ
yourｖｉｅｗｓ．Ｙｏｕ
views. Youｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｗｒｉｔｅ
write ａｔ
at ｌｅａｓｔ １５０ words
least 150 ｗｏｒｄｓ but
ｂｕｔ noｎｏ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ 200
２００ words.
ｗｏｒｄｓ．

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
１２ １２
第 12／12页