2020 12 AXSRIENRZSRAASRSEM (SB) Part I Writing AMER DS iF ARAB Yes (5-H) nate articulate a. 2 BH WF BF AI eloquent a. ARH 5412 #5 verbal/ written/interpersonal communication W/m / AREA demonstrate good communication skills ASD a RAF AG HB AR Be get one’s point across quickly and succinctly fi 8 deliver and understand information accurately ARAM poorly delivered message 164% 7% i# barriers to communication 34 28 FEAF communication breakdown 8 36} i GS. striae integrate communication skills into the curriculum eA RAE encourage students to air their opinions/views LEA AACE D/A tk overcome timidity % Mk Ate ask for and allow feedback AB 38,18 A 5.5 it hhone one’s communication skills J $9 28.38 42 refrain from offering unwanted advice HOGI BAR TT A tailor one’s languages tone and message to his/her audience #46 76 Fl #5 9 AF 18 35 BARGES G8 A fe Be RR BSMEMB IAA, RIG MLE ARFTAHR ARI, EBRD Hho hy Kah Hew AAR MRL, 7 BFS REX SeEX Chinese students have a reputation for faring pretty well in tests but showing poor performance in other © And our eral tends to brush off this issue as “not so @n view of this, I feel obliged to bring forward a few points to highlight the necessity of cultivating students’ dimensions, especially communication skill society in important, effective communication skills, @ As opposed to the widely shared concern among parents that too much communication distracts students from their supposed focus on study, communication is in fi essential booster of students’ learning — capal @Through effective communication, not only are students’ academic questions spotted and solved faster, but troubles OP AFA KAR SH HE KEK AER OA GLKA HH HE AVHRREBAE. QHBAHK NV ALR BRAN IA RM LAG L BR, QET HARE BALE UR LBA HE BAA AE AO OFKMNFRRCAS HAR PRELAPILA BRAN SE AMHAAFRE AFR PA FE Fe ARAL, Qa it H 339 RH ff whe ww 1 A HE a JE ALR Ae AB he LAA de HARthey encounter in their teenage life get acknowledged and addressed more straightforwardly and humanely, @ Another reason we should develop communication skills is that a healthy relationship requi encourage students to healthy forms of communication, @Only by constantly engaging ourselves in honest communication can we sustain harmonious tionships with others, © Implementing the ideas discussed above into our education system takes time and patience, @ But the first thing we can and must do is acknowledge our current neglect of this issue and pay due attention to it witee-|f have a reputation for Ao k B3A BB yension [dat'menjn] n. % if i of RF 5 feel obliged to 2.34 Af 2. 5 highlight [havla’ as opposed to booster ['busstaCr)] mn, AAA A a ah capability [.kespo!buloti] n, #8 A academic [eoko!demik] a, ak #3 RA +e of be good at sth/doing sth ignore sth acknowledge [ak'npirds] v. Rik siA straightforwardly [sire !foxwodlt] ad. humanely [hju:!'meinti] ad. AHEAG i engage oneself in AL : Ste sustain [so'sten) w, #4 implement [impliment neglect [ni'glekt ] m. 5B Ha UH AL HE EY RRA 10H of Ae AR De, Dv dh. OE UR A RA ERA RAB HRA BA, RAL AA A a Bh FS A a He HRA, ORAFHLARA, & AA He 5 A HAE Ao iH HK A, Dat bik it a oh oe eH KH] AAG KRAKAPELMM HAS. DRM HA i ti Le A A Ak RA ARI AMT ER HE TR BH SM. BS URAMHRAR, VX:kypk2023 encounter [in'kavnta(r) ] v, 8&5] 65) v, Shas it BATE fare well in sth/doing sth brush sth off & Much unhappiness has come into the world because of bewilderment and things left unsaid. (Fyodor Dostoevsky) KSKRERADSAATHTRHEBAM MH, (HAS K + RREMAHB # The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place, (George Bernard Shaw) RAM AMAT. AMS LAY CBT. OR & Our hea 38 + 1st + a) not stones, A stone may disintegrate in time and lose its outward form, But h never disintegrate, They have no outward form, and whether good or evil, we can always communicate them to one another, (Haruki Murakami) AMO CRED K, RBA TES MOM MARR PABA, BR CRERA RM. RAHKGR AHREEAS AMSRTUMRASRAB. HLA OR a (BRAK RBH)Part If Listening Comprehension Section A Conversation One #412 3b R — ah TAD A driving test. 2. A) He found it instructive and realistic, 1) A video game. 1) He bought it when touring Europe. ©) Traffic routes. ©) He was really drawn to its other versions. 1D) Cargo logistics. D) He introduced it to his brother last year. 3. A) Traveling all over the country. 4. A) Clearer road signs B) Driving from one city to another. 1) More people driving safely, ©) The details in the driving simulator. €) Stricter traffic rules. D) The key role of the logisties industry. D) More selfdriving trucks on the road. (Asa a i ia) 1, RH RAGHEB HAI ARM AFH YH — ACD HX SEI (driving test, Traffic routes, Cargo logistics) #924 4" SR". TAM MA HAS BRAM CES 2, RID BAR HL (He) 55 KAW Cit/ its) 9 $F AS BS BAP Ey Th AAS AH LIE FN RAT ADB NH A a HAE A AHL it AAR RA I PAR a =F ACfound) .COwas drawn) 38 #1" 8 &” BCbought) ,DCntroduced) 4 60" 2 55" 58 & wt 23 (— fait Ob) TAM MA HARELRSSREBY RAAMRERSH. 3. AQB His LA 1 AAEM Pk — MOA ATE CD Hh A HA Cae Ma AES. HM AL EL AT a HARE A TR OY A HRA A, SRA Hie HB it a HG ME eH AAR AC” A HEA) ST BE ES BR A FRA (FERS AME] 6H MII HR, — BR" AK AGA, dw driving (test) Traffic routes, traffic rules,self-driving trucks: = ,“4% 5k * "48 X ALE te video game, other SRS AM Ais RRS RAE RT. Is key role) 48 9 (Cargo) logistics road sign versions driving simulator, SREB yx, 1023 LW: This is unbelievable. “Unlike any video game I've ever played before, it’s so boring. yet so relaxing at the same time. How did you hear about this driving simulator? 2-M: My brother introduced it to me last year. 1 was surprised to find how educational and real twas, It’s called Euro Truck Simulator, but they have other versions as well for America and so on, I was really drawn to the scenery. The routes go through parts of the country you don’t normally see as a tourist KEVARHRMES AMHR" SLTAABRHRR. BwRi2A:T Basie M Euro Truck Simulator other versions drawn to the Unlike, .. How did boring .so relaxing My you, .. 1 was surprised to find. .. It’s called... T was. runbelievable brother introduced it... last year educational and realistic, scenery. The routes, .. you don’t normally see as a touris 1 KES AIMEE I Me” HF HO 1S tA MMA VL. unbelievable HM Cth HAA MRE AMA TRL HH — HIE, Unlikevany ever EH A IG AR vs LAT SEE a8 AE MRE FBR" ES LIER BY THR AKA AAD Ms boring relaxing LH yet BAHL AW AI EAA AR ZEA LAME A AGS. hear £ 3k driving simulator Mik Sik, Wl IRA AER — HAR AG MEA HF LAG 3] BOF RTH ER 8 ANE, 2 RBLSHN BRR. brother last year Eat we Ew MA RAE BS A ARH HAR OE 3PUL AMO" AL OF 34", surprised 78S ML educational realistic $i BIA IH LAR a Hh AIL" i a RAR AE BGA LIRA MH EL". called 1 ALA, Euro Truck Simulator ik Hak. AIPA S 4 aE ALK" other versions #h% MHI HY AA HRM ey FAA". really drawn $i EG scenery EGR ESE K PLE MMS) A the routes FHA don't.see tourist 39 E48 AMAA TIE MS AE ah OFERBARAARES PAE RAA AHR PIOE”, 3-W: Yeah, I can see that, It seems so simple, just transporting cargo from point A to point By driving from one city to another. But I really appreciate all the details that go into the game. It’s even given me a new appreciation for the logistics industry and traffic on the road. 4-M; I completely agree. My brother also introduced me to some videos of someone that streams their iscinating to watch, really. This guy drove very carefully. obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules—such a contrast to most violent games. th, .. Tt seems, .. But I... It's even... ERAT ARMM AR TRRBRM Km. RIC as... This guy... . #48 X48: appreciate all the details,a new appreciation, some : cinatleg wan vee caehly, ated wll S52 road ge wd tcl 3 RLM TEM Yeah & FiR see HH. AH EM Hk BE RE a Mh AR AE AL. simple, transporting cargo,driving & H . BLA 3 A ANS A Aik fh BR LT A — A AR de SE A 51 B.A”. really appreciate $k H.3648 4% vall the details 291 BE BB eA} A AR IEE PAT 209" BEAR OY — AAR ta BEALE A”. even.new appreciation ¥ 3k «logistics industry .traffic,road RAE Bh LL EAR RY LS Bho" HE Ba AT Sh fo A RATA 4 AB LMAMRATIEO. completely Lik. A ab AM 4k Hy Aa, My brother also 3k G63 L4H 5] Bt ELH 4 3 — NARA videos HE sstreams their game online # HEA tt WA AAR BL By “a AA, A ALAA AP ALAT” | fascinating watch Gk Ab EAH HAA GH AMR", very carefully Lik % LAL PRR BR AM | £4k ,road signs traffic rules —A+— Ma — HH AK MR Fm AT Wh Ante LAL": ast HLALGR At smost ER. AA ARS AK LA AER 5-W: Honestly, playing has inspired me to look into the industry more, I've read articles about how self-driving trucks may soon be available and could greatly impact cargo logistics. Considering all that goes into diving these larger vehicles, it's amazing that we could soon have that kind of technology. 6-M; Ha, I've got one step further. I registered to take a safe driving course to improve my real-life driving skills. In a way. I feel like T have a head start compared to other students in the class. Playing this video game has given me some maneuvering practices already. V¥-yph2029 RAHAT WMAAT SHB. WRIA ial : Honestly... I've... it's amazing... I've... In a way... Playing this video game has... , #1948 X 421: inspired. .. look. .. industry more, read articles about. . . cargo logistics take a safe driving course,have a head start given me some maneuvering practices already . S RACE ik BAG RL Hh A HM, Honestly Jt MAR, HE PAE A RAR KAR As playing EIR, Took... industry more #1 Hi Ht. HAN Sea AR eh dee Oh A vA Te eG HR eR MIA MAT IL”, articles BHA £4 about £ #48 j] th XY AS sself-driving trucks ik savailable cargo logistics £4 4 Wl X& Mr ik 64 AP SLARIR AD" A BM SE SAE A AE THEA Bo SE 38 A TR. all soon Hak R“ A SRK A A HT AE REE vs BB RA RAR AE Oh aT He AES amazing EE) HA BM A HB RAR RGR EA TER, 6 RSL tt — HH We HT ft BD. one step further MPR. 3] bi at Fb BL— H AT ah a AR safe driving real-life £i& AH 447 Hb"ik & BoB RIAL AIH KAR A ARAL AE”, head start Fk. LGR APB wh He FAR ALE". Playing this video game Ji] smaneuvering practices ik . AFEAE, EO ERA AR I, 7-W; I’m not sure how accurate the video game is compared to real-life situations. [But if it results in more drivers looking both ways before entering an intersection, I'd say that’s a positive outcome.wT says... eit. KERAN T RRM R AD, show to real-life situations more drivers looking both ways.a positive outcom T'm not sure #84. #44 -how accurate, ..is CHE AW AE AAT Hy AMY Tab HES RAL RAE ILE A ISH. results ik both ways. intersection #9 38 wk — APA IE HH RH RIL K $ 5] A AMET EIR 0 at A — AI HEL Vd say ED positive Bik ASL aye RATA fom HY (iagas a] QI: What are the speakers mainly talking about? Q2: What does the man say about the driving simulator? Q3: What does the woman say she really appreciates? Qt: What outcome does the woman expect from the driving simulator? HL AAMLEHR AE EM, “3% iS ALE" the driving simulator 24k . HAA FL af QL: the speakers, mainly talking about — Q2: man FAG BOR say EH Raa a A a5 Bh a AR : the woman +i) -say Fak RH BA LE AE" really appreciates Pik. MRA BK ERERT I". Qt; outcome expect driving simulator 49 $i the woman JF «HF 438 AP a eR de HA A dt aE Mb a RT 3 BAM) vx:kyp2023 1, RBAPERRIC+A? A KB RHI, CRA, BRYA, D) St thi. (ASHE aR] 46 88 41 Be AL Unlike. (SRT) Bo ROTEL ANE HRA HM Hy ET EAE "S| GR GEER TAO ARBHRKRSAAAME THR BRL SMM, AW GROVER SELLE RRL RADE PRA AT BAE AR", CD 941 LAGE op BA a Bw BA TH A A eS a GRE EMA OH de he 2 AL, 2, KFMMOSRHM BART HA? ADEM E HE MIF Ae AIL, CAE HMA RRS. BRAM AIH E TE. Dyfi de Ae CARAS TOE OE I. [iQ BE A] A484 C1 was surprised to find...) (SRM) AL A LM2 ADH“ AME ABA the driving simulator) H RARE BARAT HL". Bw 2K] AAS H“Euro Truck Simulator (Hk a -F 4 ARK)” 48h to Re aba at RAE AM a aR 477. CAM 2 RODS other versions, was really drawn RAF A ALAA Bk wT HARA Pw A aE “SOMA”, D5 2 RDA RA kA RAEI AAR 3. KAMAE MR RTA? AD a A Ae, CARAS BREAK op 4 BE FR-AR— AE, 1) ah i A sk SEAR AE [RBA] 4¢-+ AGMA AL Bur I really appreciate, ..). [SRM] Co CHMFLD SADA] HEAT HR Po A. A AM 2A PR HARE HM MFHARA. BRT 3 ROS (ik EAA" a RINE (Hie i Bs Fit—-AA— AGRA) AAR ERA 8)“ Hk te TARE A KEK MT RG HEH. DAM 3 RAM a new appreciation for the logistics industry 7 48.,42.3 A appreciation Aik" T AE RIN" H & L.5 MFP appreciates HLH TEA BT RR ARG ER APS eB AT A AE DTA OA ek @RAR wae AT ah REA, 4. KEMFROSRURBRTARR? km. CRRA LF tt, BRSHARS BM, DLS HAAR RA EB, (iRMERE A) HAF +f 444 4 (Bur if it results in... Pd say that’s a positive outcome) , (SRA) Bo B+ AF AM Bis AIK 4 “do R'E UP the driving simulator) kX $ A] MARIS FB A AI IO HE IL AB ALR — PALO BR". ALC $941 4 D4 obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules 74 423k 3 4" 3B ei ab 2k 0 a RH Mae ee MR". DAA SAO how self-driving trucks may soon be available Fi 423 A “de EHR E HP HLH” ap et AA HY TF SRM yx-kypk2023 KH RKRTBRT, CHARAMKLHEMT-KOF HRA. WY RAW. HRM MAD HAB, AiR A EK OR OH RH? FH RRAHEPD BGK, MARR MERREP BA RAKRTEL, Rap Ar Ka - FR e ECAFLEGHEAFLE OTH MA, RKBM PH RERRRG] , CHR WO) ABS wit thd REALE RH A HOM AE Ree SAR AE AL AE BOR 2 SAAC I REIL IK RAR RA SEA A. ABR, CRHEKTHERS POM AMT. CLALAAHATLPABRBAT HHUR, FARA, ROLE A AIO T IE) A fe FIO AWS. ALCL AAA TA ab a 8 PA 4 8B A Ae 3H BL] — ik fo KG BH A ap RAG RT EB KREG KRAKFRRKALFSMRAAATL, RKA-ZAF MHAAATRFSTRARRADE, HATHA TRHAP LEAH H, FRPGRALA GS MHESLHEC IA AMR MAA BHHRREASARR. Fob! REBRMPA-FHAN, ASR T-AEAERRAAR BAU ERERRE, EAR LAM REGALO KEFAMLT—F. RARAKEFHREBULAM TT —AH RAH, MAHRAKRF RAHAT AGHAMKAS AM, MRELAG AMARTH A—Aid A M05 HE OL MA RAFI — PARLOR Conversation Two A ii& QT 5. A) It isn’t so enjoyable as he expected. 6A) Not all of them eare about their employees? behaviors, B) I isn’t so motivating as he believed, 1) Few of them are aware of their employees? feelings. © It doesn’t enable him to earn as much money] €) Few of them offer praise and reward to their| as he used to, employees. 1D) Ir doesn’t seem to offer as much freedom as he| —D) Not all of them know how to motivate their employees. anticipated. 7. A) Job satisfaction, 8. A) The importance of cultivating close relationships with clients, B) Self-awareness. B) The need for getting recommendations from their managers. ©) Autonomy, ©) The advantages of permanent full-time employment, D) Money. 1D) The way to explore employees’ interests and talents, CRRA 6 Mi) ] 5. isn't.doesn’t 48 "3 $F #9 #4 SLIK" expected believed ,used to anticipated 4 #9" % HB Eat +k 69 HLM /2t SU" IES BRA EHR EH not, as... GORI A Re BH Tate A ALT fe HO TAD UR A ASA BU EI 85 BO a Ah AI A Mi AE As aA aR BE RA AAGME RAP RAL OL A Rh KAS TA AAR MH BEALE, 6. Uh their employees W440 459 P45 them/ their 5 HLA RAMS) PRA OR Ke LatBMH RH LB LH BF ese Hh LE ay Ah HS SG KRU Not all Few, T rAd soe A REF GLAERB, RS LTA TAM AMO SRHERT SEAM ORE SA 7. A 5 AMO A TAH HG ae EE REA, ACD 2a Lm eA AS AAR HH Rb A a SR A Se HA 9 AS Te AE 8. BRIM BIE, BCT ERI RO BO AID A RE BB HP RS i clients, managers employment employees "T4838 AU FERMI A, [AEMSMRWAM EB] LAL MINTS HAA, — RAH "HH": employees, Job, clients, managers.employment, % — 48 61“ HE @/ Hk x sb x 1 #4 FF HE”: enjoyable, motivating/ motivate, co LEAMA TM, AR ste HME freedom ,care, feelings, praise, reward , satisfaction, Autonomy, Money. ARG KM, LAPARIM TEE. A SREB x hoyph2023 1-W: How do you like being self-employed? 2-Mz El There are obvious benefits. though I don’t seem to have the freedom I anticipated as I just don’t seem able to decline work offers. And working alones there have been times when I've found that money alone provides insufficient motivation, Have you experienced the same since you began working for yourself? BARE“ ARI" SLRRACHARER HGALLHBA, Wisi i: How do you like. « Have you experienced, .. 5 #848 X48] :being self-employed don't There are obvious... And working alon seem to have the freedom, insufficient motivation. 1 BKLWAIBLWA. (How do you) like © i KAM il FW. fo A ak self-employed FH. KH RAGE APH AAT, 2RALES HRA, obvious L#.§] REA ARI HH eR Bt HL” sdon't HME, HS IE LGA freedom HIE, RH FEMS MANE A IR SAA OY ME A”; Gust) don’t seem MI FPA SEP don't Ea «1 ah Ey" 76 AR ABE Ah AR Ae dB Ae HE 3.29 . working alone Hi HH 44 HE “ARAN SO stimes GHA APE RAG Oh BL insulficient Rk GMB EBL ERA AGH, AOAHASL HAA AGRHHKLRG HMA MHL LHS, 3-W: Sometimes. yes. Unlike the rest of the workforce who have managers to prompt motivation whenever they're feeling lazy or bored, we self-employed workers perform our jobs without a manager to lift our spirits. There's no one around to offer praise or initiate collaboration, no one to make greater use of our interests and talents, 4-M; That's a fact. Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care, of course. “And certainly not all managers have a clue how to motivate people. Still, having a manager nearby at least indicates there's an opportunity they'll be decent enough to look out for you when your energy and focus begin to deplete, RAGLAN MMEA LO BMS BH HE. iw AMIA I : Sometimes, yes... Unlike the rest... Still... ®edFB LAT: without a manager to lift our spirits.not... There's no one around, .. That's a fac have a clue how to motivate people. SRAEMAM ES HM MEA RA: A RARASB, Sometimes, yes HAA GM BHA. Unlike... workforce £3% we HH Hk shave managers, without a manager 8.4 8 BALSRUFAR CRSA PRAIA MARA TH RER. GAB, without a manager toyno one around to.no one to #435 #4 SLI, E99 A AL LAE I A PAN A He TRAM A MK MO LILA RIERA MDA HF RR 4BBLN BM BWR RU. That's a fact RMR AFA LT LMAM AEAL, Not every manager,not all managers it 3 48 “JE 4E AS #2 38 AB AB Mk 5 EE ILR” sof course, certainly Ak —¥ HA SM. Still HMR GA gL SAH Bs Cat) least ABER, 3] HIE HE s look out for you 1A iit "2638 2 A Shih ae 713 2 A RIBS Of PILAR HR — 40”, BA ER AEM,5-W: [The motivator I value most is autonomy. I've learned not to sacrifice my prized autonomy by working all hours of the day and by saying yes to every client request, 6-M; Yes, I need to remind myself that I selected this lifestyle for the independence, I don't miss aspects of permanent full-time employment I disliked. such as the office polities. job insecurity, inflexible hours and soon, I wouldn’t mind a bit more in the form of praise though. praise which is on the record, RARTARIOMMAR, H-RUARBEMMAMARLASK, BRwiVw: value most... I've learned... Yes... I need to remind myself... 1 don’t miss... ti X i]: (prized) autonomy for the independence praise, SBRXLRT, ERAMMAR SH, A ORAB BSE, | value most HEIR LRG, Rake EWFAWA, not.sacrifice £H, prized autonomy HAA Hk —H BIA Es | FH Hall hours, every client request £3k +S BALE AM LRA TAI LAE RAE PLY AIR TSAHZ AERC ve learned)”. 6RRERTRB. Yes FAL. WH ZAM. independence i .“f H autonomy. & Ht Ak Fe / A BRAS ESA PHERGE, don't CREH SPM RASLP EMER IMSL BERKS” office politics job insecurity inflexible hours #8 sand so on BEA, 514 T KMRL MB ALA LRAT OL SLAF MDF, LHR HLH, LF ROTM RH eS AMSA RIM, wouldn't mind Hi, 4 Hat 879 though RGR, A KMERIERT SAE URGE AMA REA AR a: more praise £38 A 45 AB" AS & BARA the motivator 1 7-W: That'll come with time, Relatedness is inevitably cultivated via human interaction, Engaging with clients, getting written testimony and recommendations, staying in contact with clients afterwards, these are things you'll find will come in due course and provide you with motivation. 8M: [You're right. That's an area I do need to put some more effort into—building closer relationships with those who engage my services and skills. SMARTER, VX:kypk2023 SLRM ARGS ROA EAH BW, ALR ABA, Wi HIB i: Thar'll come... Relatedness is... Engaging... You're right... That's an area... < #els4ESL4@ :come with time,human interaction,closer relationships. TREKLRW HRBALSRMBESSAM. That'll come with time MARR 2 MIS FHA ATAEHHRGL ARGH LALA H, Relatedness #4 inevitably cultivated HBL 4 via # human interaction € ik, Wh MA Ls A A fe -R Ze AM A, Engaging with clients, getting. .. recommendations #48 2 4444 »staying. .. afterwards S78 38 451% LR ILA sin due course E 3k FHA H come with time, RBES A 2A ww RRS + A, SRRLRAUMKE RY FHA SH AX—-HOBA. You're right RWSL HRA LY LR, That's £ik do RAW SPR A-FHRFLALERAHAG into SAM Fk FEARS A Ha: 5 EP sk AR BH X A (those who engage my services and skills *F HEE clients.4#%)*). Cia) ai at) a Q6: What does the man say about managers? Q7: What do both speakers value most about self-employment? Q8: On what point does the man agree with the woman? What does the man say about his life of being self-employed? Q5: man say BAR AAA AER AH FL shis life CA self-employed MAB a ALA A, = LA RARARA REO ARLE. Q6: man HFM say Bae HAE A BAH managers ME i «HAL HH IA" BE A He we OBR Q7: speakers Hak Wi MALIA TRH HIM A most F i HIE HF A about self-employment st — HH 58 RANE AARTAA RMF GH". Q8: what £48 man 44 agree EHR AKG APM. 4 HARASS with the woman. da i ]* % + Bl se EHH AMA.4 ERI xh i023 S. BATE Ht He AY REE AD FR RAIA A A RAE He, OC) EikALAP AR LAT ABA B 6 BB) AR AR Hv 2 49 RAE A DD) 6 AR He 8 RAE BO [AR SESE A] AH AL.A 2 (There are obvious benefits, though I don’t seem, ..). (QERITIT] De He 28H OW Ne He AMAT Ah RARE MB A SD at HARA MER, ABUSE ARATE Ro MME RAE PH LOA UR th th BF A BYC BFE RHE 2 LDS" BER A AER HY Bh A” EP TK te A TS 6, BEM Ht ewe? A) ANIA AS LATA C) RADY BA A Ae HE HL. B RMRSR AEA LHR. D) AT Shak Ak fo ih to OTH RH HL (i820 A] AA (not all manage - to motivate people), [ST] Do KAKD]P. FERRE ROAR AA Oh 22 Soil & A Mm) AL". D Rabi F AE HALAS. AMA BAAFRRRR OHH (ROTA EMG Mi 4 RI HEAR ABRAM 4) 298: -K Chehaves with such awareness and care "14H E 5 Mh iL * eM iS mba AL HL ML fo AR SEA BAR SEE AE BOAT Hh" BRE HE AE AE A CRARAE 3.4K P #4 no one around to offer praise 2i6 HA AKA BA ARH RRALMRBM TA AMR Y RHA Fo KM”. 7. BF AR ALBA R ABM AHA? A) Lm ER. © 82K, B) ABR, D) 4. [ME A] AMMAR (The motivator I value... +Yes... for the independence) , (SRM C PSRPKLME MARAE aa yar ives ever Les WA OCREEALEHAMRATRA” CRAM ARAMA MME. AREER ALSAE TAME BORE RP HARARE EB AH A OP HY awareness —9 12K HARA ARH" DARE —-FRALSALHR ARK 1AGEAS ROM MARGE TTR WORE RTL, 8. EAM AL BERKEL ORR? A BRSEP HRMS AHERE, OC) RRER A, B) RAMA HR, D) RR HLA RRA iE, (iQ A] AMMAR You're right...) . (SRW) As HSB LAR MARA ORE LG eH A” MG Kae A GE OLR A A PREMARERL EMMA SSP LERLEWHLA. REST RPKEM ER SSPE Bh ATOA IRAE ALAR DSA ER, BARU 7 Beek PAL SN HO RAR AT FE LOE ARE AAWBWRETRA. CRAB ORELAKMARI HH ART MAL, AIRLEMMASD MA J 3 HLA make greater use of our interests and talents, 423 AL AL HA" He sk BAF I A] BRB OY 9M fo KK AD AAR THA — PARR RAE AAR A BAR fe RL AE”, BS KHMER ASH ASHER ZH Bh APH SEH By DAMP IR AIA MB Ze BT RA RH A I HR EMT. AR HEAT WIRA RAR PEER HERR MLB HAA, DMA A CLEAR ARAM ERY RNG AT AEAR A. RAT ARABI ADP ah A AB AA A SA HE 4 a AT I EAR AL a A ATR HE MARERASBRARERLO ND TERA LH, PARAS RMRARRS MH RAM RAP AMAIA AEH RO, BRR tos BRT RRS AR AAS RS FB BRUT A MY 28 AE i So FAHD, RR ak AAR Ie ETE AOR A AA WO HA A Ae ik TE AE OPA ASE THER BBE MB,+ ARAL MAAR ALM, ROSFSTRRGRREHHARRL-KAMAT EL MAREE HERR, HAH, AGRA AAERAL ETAL HT RADE, RKREMLACHRMEMID A EOGTF HG ew hb NEL YAH THHREEE KREME APES, RAE S— RARER OS AR KAMP RE AH. ARK ARTRRLAAR EAT, PEP LH ANH GHD fo HG ILA LT EGE PARAM A th SK LGR ae A Ai a YR A OE He hh BR ah BAMA. LF GRAK ELMAR SHA} —MAMAWYMA PH LHALLLR EMH EA, Section B Passage One RAB RH! RBA 9 STA (9. A) Consumers visualize their acti jes in different weather. 10. A) Active consumption. 15) Good weather triggers consumers’ desire 10 go shopping. B) Direct correlation. ©) Weather conditions influence consumers’ buying behavior. ©) Individual association. 1D) Consumers’ mental states change with the prices of goods, 1D) Mental visualization, 11, A) Knabling them 10 simplify cheir mathematical formulas, ©) Enabling them o sell their products at « higher price, 1B) Helping them determine what to sell and at what price. D) Helping them advertise « greater variety of produets, Cae Se a | 9, I HA A a a 1 BEARER RD IN LETT a SAM HH BEAL AY HE A/D HOE OH DG /consumers, weather/Weather 2B Ri 4H triggers, influence.change "48 S9B AH SB BM MA (A047 Ih /ns 8) 5 KARI RE, 10, 3) 4 HAGE VAC. 25K 39 $8 AH AE A / IB" 38-4 consumption 4 9 36% 4A con 77 fo Ay 1 5S BEE I AT Hh / ASE OR PS, 11, 5039 4 2 Enabling 48 88 96) A Helping 49 9) Jt 65 3) 2 5438 dG = AS LOR FBI ANAE OH AL OO AA AE PS ASR Far) TA them/their BRA RB A 9H G4 IRM RL Ap 1B — I A Me A Hh FIL) TH By ER RA / CREME RARER) ALAR F215 5H HANH HA Consumers consumers,shopning, buying, price(s). goods, consumption, sell, products, advertises 2. 45 KA #0 6 AE, weather Weather conditionss3, 45 GH $ 4) 47 % 3 0s 32 44% #5 AAA ; visualize/ visualization, desire, behavior mental. states, Mental, 8-638) ALANGIACEAE RSE LA ED Be (HIT 8 iE) SRAM MER, Xf SRBBAM Vx:kypk2023 Consume I Weather is a constant force in our lives, but there is little marketing research on how it affects businesses. Now, a new study reveals how sunny and snowy conditions influence consumer behavior. S| OS. MARIA i affects businesses.how sunny and snowy conditions influence consumer behavior. ONANF MHRAARALRAM DL WABI. Weather FR, REKLEMAKF “RA” show... affects businesses Fi HERG THA KAR LBA". OQARL—-RARAROEM AM EAN RATAN. Now ERS REL GAMA: new study 48 KX 4} 48 — 3H $A s sunny and snowy conditions 3678 It HF influence consumer behavior £ Ht HW FAS A“ MK fo-E Kat AT A BA”, feather is... but there is little, Now, a new study... . WuliHXi@] show it I Those weather conditions trigger consumers to mentally visualize using products associated with the respective weather. This leads to consumers placing a higher value on those products, That is. they're willing to pay more money for them. But the correlation is only found with products related to being outside. 10MENRARAR, GH #048 Li :mentally visualize using products asso hose weather conditions trigger, .. This leads to, ,, That is... But... ¢ ed with the respective weather placing a higher value on those products.pay more money. correlation, .. being outside. OLOAFRMAMSAM A RTANHM, D4 Those # MEK SHRARA LAMY wi ‘$b 47% strigger £ Hk »mentally visualize using product TRALEE MAR RAR Ht a HP 18. CRM F de 89H”. QA) leads GIRS HEM A 4] He st — H 49 HH sconsumers, products # higher value 35-36 tbs HE 5 BLAH ACE Ma ARN ARE Be BBA AMA, DA That is APA AE a) ah ab Ay a ALA MEAE willing $8 pay more money #18 448 HLA“ LA HH OE HP HY BR BRE", #h 3 ist RASS Bh EM FS AAA hh. But ik. HE RH LAE AF; correlation, only found, products,outside 4&5 45.& Li & &, TL How does this work? Researchers give the example of a beach towel. On a sunny day» consumers who see that product are not just looking at the towel itself, they are likely imagining themselves lying on the towel in the sun, [This mental picture of using the towel increases the value of the product in the consumers’ mind. CLD MME rh Jo OH AA SE AL. GAA AR i A: How. .. Researchers give the This mental picture... #eLH34] :beach towel snot just looking at, xample of... On a sunny imagining themselves lying on the towel in the sun increases the value of the product. DAB. How.work ER MRA FAH MARRY HH GME, OEOA#AES. D4 example LEE HM A FHM HM sbeach towel HE. HM ZH) HR Pf". DH sunny day not itself.imagining lying towel sun Bak «AE be a He A He oP HA a ARI #35. DA mental picture #64 4 4 4 ME. using. towel increases. value, product consumers’ mind i. & BRS CAMP RRA RFA OG GRATE SEK RAS AP OT”, W Researchers put forward the following hypothesis to explain their findings. They think the mental picture works in sunshine and snow because these weather conditions have a positive association with outside activities. The effect is not seen with rainy weather. Researchers assert this is because there aren't many activities that are enabled by rain, Most products associated with rain, like umbrellas, are only used for protection from the weathers and not for any activities. PRAHA AMA. HHRMA ; Researchers put forward, The effect... Researchers assert. . . becaus #4148 LW sunshine and snow, explain, .. They think, . . because. = positive association with outside activities, aren't many activities... enabled by rain, Most products associated with rain... for protection, .. not for any activities. OAMALB. Researchers hypothesis explain, findings LAF 4 F LAMB HF ILA HATH AIL A AEE @EOW#RRA, D4 They think # ik, 4 HIG HHA HH A Hs sunshine, snow, positive association outside activities BH HLM" AER to KG Phi 3 ZHI", D4 not seen,rainy weather ¥ EAA RAS LAB, rt LRG RR RG DAR ah A RA 695 EAE aren't activities enabled. rain Sk HAA“ KAA RCP $f) 36 36". @ 4 Most products, umbrellas, only used protection not any activities ak 398" 45 ACM TAH RM PHATE, D4 Researchers V Researchers believe that companies that sell a wide array of products online can benefit most from the insights this study provides, [Online sellers often use complex mathematical formulas to determine what products to feature and how to price these products, Incorporating more data about weather would allow them to make better decisions. This could bolster sales. = = )|)ijasPiihe =, Vkyph2022 TRARRAHFREB RM MN. Ww il + Onlins allow them, ., This could... 5 #48 X44 :companies, .. sell... products online, .. benefit most mathematical formulas to determine. . . products... price data about weather. . . better decisions, bolster sales. DAD i HH EE SS ANA BE A SE eH RE BH HB. Researchers believe ik HTK G AH searchers belie lers often... wouldA Jit Ai HS AS & companies, products online benefit most insights, study provides Wx i & 2, QEOHFREMEBET AHA MBH. D4 Online sellers LF, MAKERAREBR: complex mathematical formulas £3 6 P48 AE I 6 0 RE RAR A Ae Mt FAK Oh GE determine £ GAT ALR Abo LACE AA Hh HE AE MMH LIB AE what products feature how price # & EATUN SE" 248.0 BR fod 2H Hh", D4 Inconporating sd BGA AER IIMB R AMA HAIG" LH ROY Ww sallow, better decisions Hi +c RAUB wR EAH) LAP AR". DA This E38 65 429 28 RA — 4-40 wh sbolster sales BATHS HE LA AY HAE” (iat) Q9; What do we learn about the findings of the new study? Q10; What does the passage say may increase the value of products for consumers? QI1; How can the findings of the new study benefit online sellers according to the researchers? QO: What #8 slearn i 48 AA“ IE” findings new study H5k «9h A ily 11“ a OF Hh AID.” assage say EIR AR a HA" KF da HF” smay increase .value.products.consumers #8 + Fh iy Ft Ra REA Hie / HS OT AE BR tS ba Be A a AL”, QUI: How 438. findings new study i dE M1 A“ 3 ALL HY 1 IL efit online sellers — 4 — HAMA MAL RH LEHR A" according researchers LEK LARA KM A. 1 SAR Vx: cyp 2023 9, KF RAMA ROLM, RN TMA? A) ARALRBMMARAAAT BD. ©) RAM RS NS oH He Hh mR AH B) FARA RAR IA HE at 89 By D) HAMS RRS SMA S Hie ah Ris Re, [iQ SE a] 9448 & 2) ah 4t (a new study reveals... ). [SRW] Co MF+C REI ROA -AHALB ATR HERR YAH EA, Weather conditions ift 44 46 sunny and snowy conditions, consumers’ buying behavior Fl 4 4% consumer behavior, AH MRD A]*RBERBAA MARS R) PRA SRAM EMER” EM ARAARR TRASHED", BHU AZO AS HAH TAAARARA RLS AMEE STAY MRA AAEM HAR ALM AH”. DAL TELA 48 -& mentally higher value.pay more money F4L. RF HARA, 10, SCR HEAT ZY BES on 7 Fa RS RETLLo ©) MRR, B) SIR AK, D) Ase. [iG88 Em] FH) A (give the example... On a sunny da CARAT] Do UAT ab YALA T A Rot Yoh RA ASAP OH REAR Pe MRS A Pa AL" HD eM, H ion FRAGA FR, HUFHAABAK. LL, SEE A BR i , Tw EE A 22 HA BE Bn LR A AD RHA HE HACKER, ©) ARAN HE 1 BB OO DE Pa B) AR AAD De A 0 FH AN OH RH D) EAH BARU Foe i, [12 A] A HE A Researchers believe...) (SRA) Bo MF +BRSVRODOAS AEAEM PA MLAMMEAARAT KATA PALATE Hh AK BH RA ANI BI OP BS oe ME EH ACI) HAR A AT A RA Ook HE”, Helping them determine Fl L448 allow them to make better decisions, A WV #Q4) "At Bh 41 ML fe oh se PA RA FR, CAF RIMS EMER fo TR OAR A HE ES BR ea EI AIA AR HRAR GOL A TRAE ROR ALR AEE AL". D AV RA AE a wide array of products Fi, RA HARA, 2441 JA consumer correlation, positive asso3 PSS) vx: kypk2023 BAM LEY KALE FAH AE MLERART Che MY HLL EMM, te, — aE RHR T MAR SRAMITY AHR ATAH, RERAMARRM EAA RORM HS ARAMA AR, EER AREY KTR BHM. LRM BELLS HR ERLAR, CRAMAERLTS PMA Aw, BEADS AR So THRE LAI? HEART OL. ALR ALY a IN A AER HR HLA BAL ET ERR ACA LG AR AMD. ARP MILAN Ta Om dR TTR ARENAS BP Ob or. RIA HAR T FARE AMER EI AIL, (LATA A REP Oh 2 OV eR fo RE ALE RAM AS PE LEMK, GRU RMA, HLA RMT ERG A RRA KS, KSREGRMAY FBO HA VAM TSH GM FEMME, FARAH ADLER A HST EARA MTR ARP RARE AL RR A AL RMKRFRRAREREBM APE BRAM, BARS KA K Hy MA HEAR AAT AE BAF RR RTESRANE, Passage Two 22 ERDAS SAN RE ie EG? — 12, A) A naturally ventilated office is more comfortable, A cool office will boost employees? productivity. ©) Office air-conditioning should follow BD guidebooks, D) Air-conditioning improves ventilation in| 13, A) People in their comfort zone of temperature are more satisfied with their product B) People in different countries uncomfortable temperatures. ©) Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office| workers, D) There is a range of temperatures for people to feel ary in their tolerance to] comfortable. fia. Ay at fe impact on work, B) It will be immediately noticeable, ©) It will shorply decrease work efficiency. D) It will cause a Jor of discomfort, (RRA MiB) 12, 48 # #4 naturally ventilated office .cool office Office air-conditioning Air-conditioning. . . office #9 4% "DAY HY EIA GARI)" BHI HA KAA A HH Be ABD) A ALC) 2 a MLA) 19 PhS RE AY A KE aE AR 3. 3LF # comfort zone of temperature, uncomfortable temperatures, optimal temperature, a range of temperatures, .. comfortable 3 4 69 #733 / 7 SF 0 ik IE ia). 4.98 AE Te ay A Se Bk UY EB A aia. 1A, BH kT will... "BAAN Te dK HS EE Aa HEP ACD 2H NIE AEA have no negative impact sharply decrease cause 4) 48 1°94"... AC 364838 2 work,work efficiency #948 6) 24 CHL), a Pea AN AL A YE BAB A ( HS tL Rw) 2 | 15, th Bik INGE 3) 79 TA So They 4#R“A" SAD HB tend to favor become less se SFL BAF SCR MR Ob) ACHE”, BLC HGH suffer.are not bothered 4¥ 6)“ $74”; lower temperatures. temperature changes temperature extremes high temperatures 39 AiR AC/ 761). Seo LEAS A Ta aM A AGH FR AE ( EAL) AAA A A (HAWS Mi MAEM] ARAMA TS ASK. H—- KASH SWARM, cool, air-conditioning, nty-two degrees. = 48 6 db AGB A A ZAR a A offic ity, their ya % 2X48 6) A oh K; comfortable, comfort zone, their SSARTHM ALELA BHAT HAE 15. A) They tend to favor lower temperatures, 1B) They suffer from rapid temperature changes. ©) They are not bothered by temperature extremes. D) They become less sensitive to high temperatures, itive Jer temperature, T) employees’ produ productivity office workers, work, work efficie tolerance, uncomfortable discomfort favor less sensitive. MER RATAASM ALM, 13Af SR AT x:kypi2023 I Setting the office air-conditioning at about 22°C has become standard practice across the world, Numerous guidebooks across the world on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning claim office performance peaks at 22 degrees. Many people indeed find relief from soaring summer temperatures in air-conditioned offices, [But recent studies have challenged the accepted wisdom that a cool office is more productive. LESS ry A a a AH FB SF wk EAB ES A RT a itn But recent studies... C8 X4H sstandard practice,office performance peaks at 22 degrees.recent studies have challenged the accepted wisdom that a cool office is more productive. OO@ARKARA: ARSSHRLREA 22 SH, ALIERRRA. D4 at abou SMH HMI A 22 RAE ALAA hh a HR RT Ae 22 EAE A pstandard 358 ACHR IE I BME He BAIA HE JE#H). DA Numerous.across the world i « BI ek AIKIEM J HABA s claim FAR KASIM LGA) Bt HBR ak Aw AB HR BH 22 READ ah NE LEAS LOR a" PA a BDA indeed A HR RAK FMAZ HAR ARM RA ALLY J AA Me A A Eat A EER RA A FH ITH, Oa $0 i oH SE WH SEAT AHH T BERR. studies 45 48 HF HP HE have challenged 2845 9 38 8 Hf OF SEALY T RAR saccepted ik Bik MMA ETH KAA scool HAH FH more productive 4 #8 36k Bh HAO A SR, RRR SRT WAR BERR has become... claim. . I The reality is more complex. Researchers conducted a review of all studies relating to air- conditioning and productivity. They found that 22 degrees was probably a little chilly. even at the height of summer, [For a person dressed in typical summer clothings an optimal range would be between 23 and 26 degrees. And people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this comfort zone as long as they can adjust their clothing and expectations. In fact. even on very hot days. it makes sense to turn the air-conditioning up. People often chase just one optimum temperature, and this is understandable when people feel hot, [ But there is a range of at least three to four degrees which does not have any adverse impact. ACTAURVARAR: RESARATE-SCAAKHAARASFCEAR YM, HRCA reality. . . Researchers conducted, .. The: In fact... People often ch: And #048 ial : more comple: tolerate temperatures beyond this comfort zone,a range of at least and this is understandable when degrees probably a little chilly an optimal range.between 23 and three to four degrees does not have any adverse impact, OABKARARSAMNMRH MERA reality #4 € i more complex i i® A 6) MEG 4] te HF RR HP ER AIR) BR OOO Aik HM AMS — 122 MK kA MB PHRMA 23 ~ 26. DA all MH CRM RA LBL T ATA SATE AL Ae A ALL, © 4) They found a 946 ak EIR AE A BL a EI AL 5.322 degrees H ik AE ik AILAPAY“22 RY HARA RHE TK ML Ls probably a little chilly — 4 — 98, even 6-4 a NP EE IA WO EAR 22 HET HL HE aE ALE. DA typical optimal,23,26 i a HAA $58 is Mw EI 23 ~26 OORRHARAM2 =: AMBZ A LUSH FG EM. D4 temperatures HFM. 4] th af BLA Hw AL AB A AE El sas long as RARE Bh AR LO R A OB a A ARS MN AAT BE RA AAG HG URL, OA In fact eA AR MET) RG AR HES AL makes sense £ik, MH 22 LAA SUARMERAARS LRARARSTHR, OAR MEH NPR E RE SARE A 22 E"R-MARBRADR: RAKIM. often chase REI, just one optimum —H—- MH, RFX RAMRR YHA M HWA TO 22 Ms this SHR, understandable #38 i RAN" AA 242 8 8 — AP RAB SR AL" AT TAR when 6 4 BE BT ae AA A ARI SORE AR” ARTE OL MARGE MAP ALN LE AT TO Oo REE DEA AM SHER ARAASE SAAR, range HF EI three to four —F3— FURIE Rts ILM AHEM K AR A= 3109 ML A sdoes not adverse Hi HRA AE A Ahh ak 3b RA REM RAB. uTE Another issue related to this is that people can become psychologically dependent on air conditioning, “If they're used to the environment which is air-conditioned. they tend to prefer lower temperatures, But the studies found that almost all humans became accustomed to the new temperature, It was only at the extreme ends of the temperature range where people's productivity suffered. This range was above 26 degrees and below 19 degrees. BS MRAIRER, VX:kypk2023 HHANHSAMCRKARFRLMZ= RAERRBEE, ANMICREASSMBI, BX ‘#RiZ Hs Another issue... If... But... It was only... . #48 L ial : psychologically dependent, prefer lower temperatures became accustomed extreme ends of the temperature range, productivity suffered. COMMHAMSH SAFE DAR, DH Another Lik, LK VHA HL AMY —F Gs psychologically #2 SRIRAM SAM RAR IEE A, RTA RF RT ARIE, OA lower temperatures #28 38 dt. xf 22 19 AF LAAN 0 AT RA RAI. OAKMABARRRZS NFAAMEMT HWBH, ApH Bur Rx G] AL —AAMsalmost all FAG PEAR, RAAT AIL HB HE accustomed HAR ARALA HMB 6 IAEA RE, COMMA, RAERRBEE, AMM LEMS AS BHM. D4 only.extreme ends, range. suffered 3 AAR A AS Hh AP 8 RAL UH A HAF ART AE. OF abov below 19 ik #48 Fab EAP HT 6) HER oh AG RL HE ALL 26 FOAM T 19 R. (aaa) Q12: What is the accepted wisdom concerning the office environment? QI3; What did researchers find from their review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity? Ql4: What do we learn about using a little less air-conditioning during hot weather? Q15; What happens when people are used to an air-conditioned environment? Q12;What 4+, accepted wisdom 48 st a Ht 5 4B HL, HR a APR NGA MEK 4H s concerning the office environment B48 (91 9 $s F AeA E AHEAD DIA ML Q13:What 408 find BEAM Bik 48 a 80 FH 9 9G APL fe LE RA A 8 OEE ESE AAT PT LY QU: What $38 learn #4 a aH ae REF aK HK fe HEA sa little I SF i I RAR RA FOE I ds GN RY RE view all ik «i — 9 58 2 BLP AT ‘s 1-H hot weather BAR. QI5:happens © ik 6 4K MF ih KO KH when RK Kt used Fk. WAMFAR SANA RALAGHRRESKA WHR, 9 Stem 12. KFDREAHH, MAUAKEHA? A) ARG DE SH APIS, OC) ADEMHZARZ ARREST HM, B) 8 eas EAL HR HO HE aR D) SM AA EDA EH, (2M E A] WAAC... the accepted wisdom that...) [2S SRAN AT] Bo 1 RAM FH BL AH ESE AEM AE TR AY he BARA HR BR — GY A RAE TO BEB RAAT AE LAE EA, ALD 9d | OA Oh ventilation MAGA. MLARAM KT &5C ALM 1 4@4 Numerous guidebooks. .. claim, . . HH 7 #12 AR LACH te Hi Fa 22 Rat ALM CPAMRA” FAR ALRA LRA ESAS LM IES a, 13. SRARAKFSRALERSHRRG ARARRT tA? A) RFRA HAA A Ci LER wi, | C) 2 AAARTR AG TLRERR. B) AAMEHAMKHERLHSSRS AAA, | D) FA-PREABA HEH AREA, [i880 A] W.8 GLA A (They found that... For a person, .. an optimal range would be... )« (SRT) De ROTH ALT RHARH RARER 23 R~26 LWA PAGEREM .DELA, AAMHFII]A, .. relating to air-conditioning and productivity, 42 LAH RL RRR EU LRA HA RAAN HS CAGE LHL B WL] across the world FILL] 4 tolerate adjust $4 igi Fy KR TA AAR ME, TKD 4) ALAM" HARRAH 22 RAR TREAD RAE 14, ERMHKRA LAS BH N-AREA? A) REM LP EHH, C) RABE Hea, B) Skee Sal, D) SA RMAM IE, [12H A] A AEAEACAnd people can even tolerate, .. But there is a range of...) [SRM] A. KOHL PREARAM AA HHS MRELS EM, KA dee. 22 Rab EAL ZAGRGHLFRIRAPAAA GY, BOGOAT Te ARAB KALAMA RRB BAESFLRGBHA LA Mab YAS L MAH C.D HR, BMA] A Hh chase RRR ASMA HA ER RL L AR- BRR ALACRA LA do" IH ARAM KE. 158. HAMARTASAORRARE HA? A) RAND FH RAI RR, C) AR EH HH RH BL, B) RAS GR a RAL HH RHE, 1D) A 11 AE a ak ABB AB ZAR (REDE A) “fe 25 R" KRALL they're used to... + they tend to...) (SRA Ao KOM WRIT HEA SMH AR AMRA MG FAK BR. AR shat 4) 8 SLL HIE A, Bw Ill € psychologically dependent ,used t0,accustomed to Pid MA HH KA REAR APR REE" LARAISAREC 5 IROGAS* RA AM ERR SMR BREF AM DRE A SEY ED HRS MAR SAMO KA, MLFARA, Xf SNM Vx-kypk2023 HARTY SARRRE A 22 MKLADCLA TERS RAGE, SRS R TRI DM fe EF HMA DAE BRA 22 Re AO CHRBRE. HFAHARARATEMH DATS BHT LA AOS BF IE AY" AE UA DN BARAT EIR RHE GAY A eR TR SLI RR to Be ELA RT OA 5 IR fe He OR AO EE AA PR AE a 22 BART HERALD, PF—AEHRVLAHAAL. SAH RAR REM Bie Hy 23 K~26R, HAR Sef AB HE RA AAR SS SEM AA ET Wk AG AE) 8 AL, UL PR HAE A IA HEFL CEHALARLRS LMM, AMAA R— ARR CHP 22 KR), SAME ARIA A OF GB RATALMMH, FA RLESAANALHRAARARR FRM RAB A, HiPAHH-PAMA AM TETSAAL SRR. AMRIT SARK RAM THK PAOD RIE. LA AL ILE AA AED AR TG RAY A 8) RE yw A, AA ARRNGH, FEY HMR BREN A 26 RAL 19 RAT. Section C Recording One 3h 4b3} 184 00% 1a — anh TG. A) Kt overlooked the possibility that emotions] 17. A) Sitting alone without doing anything scemed really| may be controlled, essing. 1B) It ignored the fact that emotions are personal) 18) Solitude adversely affected the participants’ mental and subjective. well-being. ©) It classified emotions simply as either positive) C) Sitting alone for 15 minutes made the participants or negative, restless, D) It measured positive and negative emotions) 1) Solitude had a reductive effeet on high-arousal| independently. ‘emotions. 18, A) It proved hard to depiet objectively, © It helped inerease low-arousal emotions, B) It went hand in hand with sadness D) Ir tended to intensify negative emotions(RaRA MAM IG] 16, ARM OF Jh A a HS RSE A HE A 8 BI LC — AEE SY AMINA emotions Te 0 It 4&5 AR MAS FE A VE AF TE /WB S/F. X HL overlooked, ignored. simply as either, .. or... 39-01 BEX fem ARE By M1 aE / OME / SEB A ARE ZB 17, A248 Sitting alone, Solitude 4 69" #8 AAR 4"sB.C,D 2 #9 38 38-3549 affected.madeyhad a reductive effect on 4 69-8594 / RRA AGB distressing’ 4A A 6) Las yom / AR sdistressing mental well-being restless, emotions 34 5S AR ASABK. 8 EARS A TM ALO RAR SA OER SA Ht ZH / BR. 18. B. HH) HA Te 5H te Csadness/emotions) # AK, 16 ALGAE OH EAL E/T Rar TR) TM ARS A R/S /LBHR. LAMHASRARHARAM. (RRRLD ARMED AAP HLMATH ADR, R-RA*HP ALY BAH 0 fo IB", overlooked the possibility ignored the fact classified mmeasured.proved. depict objectively. BLA“ HAM “SHEAR AAT K 644 404238” s emotions, positive negative distressing mental well-being. restless, high-arousal , sadness,low-arousal, 9% 25%" AAR ALAR AS” HH fo LIE” :Sitting alone,Solitude, BWR A*K AH o/ R46 79 404238" sallected made had a reductive effect on, wy StAR MF «RF ART HE IO SEM a Ls AE FEMA, LAE) BM BE AR ASO oy BB B/S AE SRE x: 012023 & I Psychology research has tended to portray solitude as a negative experience. Studies conducted in the 1970s and 1990s suggested that people felt less happy when alone as compared to being with others. However, a new paper shows an alternative view of solitude, one in which solitude can be positive. RES SHG: AAU A RA RRR, ME HEM TAM. HEB ARIA A: Psychology 4% 0 4B M i: portray solitude as a negative experience an alternative view of solitude, solitude can be positive. OF TB FHF A — HH. Psychology research A ft #8 a JG 3) a ah sR PE IE OAS 28 stended Ei HM EAE A A —APFB A hs portray solitude negative experience “© 38 54 A #8 A 49 A “AE ALL MRI”. OAS BBM LB FH FMB. Studies conducted in the 1970s and 1990s 45 L4H. dR a IE As 3] dt ah JF FH 46-48 sles happy when alone ak 54 ah FN Hy OF HH He" AAT AB A Bb ARR He ARs when alone A PR RAI RAE BA AE, QA BAT IB HAY APA However 15 ACHE aR ae AEAT, 3] at 5 PI OTE 8 HAM LA sa new paper 45 HG 48 A AG 8] WAPOA I A 4h 98 saltern; of solitude $3 i948 a 8 EIA T KE 12 FFI H —APAA ssolitude can be positive i KH HA AAR ALL TAR ALA”, arch has tended to... However, a new japer_ shows, I. Let's start by looking at the earlier research. It had a couple of shortcomings. First. it measured emotion on a scale from positive to negatives overlooking the possibility that our positive and negative emotions can fluctuate independently. ™ Also. it categorized emotions as simply positive or negative. It didn't consider that emotions arouse us to different degrees» and that both positive and negative emotions. can arouse us a lot or a little, That is, whether positive or negatives emotions can be either high-arousal or low-arousal, High-arousal emotions include excitement on the positive side or anger on the negative sides while low-arousal ones include feeling calm on the positive side or lonely on the negative. TRAD AOR, Bw iRiZi while... bi Qi: positive to negative categorized emotions as simply positive or nega: OO AH Hi AA LST. start BBA 6 MAR BF LAH A searlier research © Bp 8 Rt BP MNT” shortcomings HE » H.15 Hh 1d OE A A A, QAEDA ATER ATI. First A AR JR IL 3] Hh ba I — #) FFF s0n a scale from positive to negative $Ei8 3 Ht , HL positive negative He 5 Aki 48 A A 6 3] —" ES ARAL a A CD) ARATE A” soverlooking 4k . Rs 18 HH #4 H.&scan fluctuate independently — #4] — HH A. BARA Fe :Let’s start by looking at, .. shortcomings. .. First... Also... That is... the earlier research, a couple of shortcomings, measured emotion on a scale fromSIH ak AR AB 1 9 PA AB ARH IR RT IR A, OEOM EMS HAAR OAS. DA Also K MA, H HIE BI ah Hah = 65 HAF s categorized F kas simply positive or negative =i) — Oak wt «ARTA 35 a 1 ER a I A a SB ae ha oN HL 44", OA different degrees EAR 5 A Ht HAR HL AT B Bh AY Ae. aR AR BEI PEA A ABA RAT A both e and negative emotions a lot or a little $4) — 44 — #4 i Ht . rif 2k WEAF arouse us to different degrees #4 A ) That is RUM. AR IEG 41 BAF arouse us to different degrees Lit — ¥ #9 AEE: either high- arousal or low-arousal — 44 — #8 3% ah SF AGE Ht WV ILA] arouse us to different degrees 4) A ih. @4 High-arousal emotions 4° low-arousal ones 5 #9 MEAL, HL a Ik xg SL at abe AN RGB A TL AK Op das excitement on the positive side or anger on the negative side 4 feeling calm on the po e side or lonely on the negative 3) — 39 — iChat 5 SR aM a 7 a Bhat ACH BA AH EAT RR TAI AR Il This new research attempted to overcome these shortcomings. Researchers began with a simple study. They asked participants to spend 15 minutes sitting alone without engaging in any activity, and measured how this solitude influences their emotional state. This experiment specifically aimed to determine the effect of solitude on high-arousal emotions. It looked at positive emotions such as being excited or interested, and negative emotions including being seared or distressed, The results were clear. © After 15 minutes of solitudes the participants showed reductions in both types of emotion. TBARS — 387 HB MT MR AIM, AIA: This new research attempted to, .. Researchers began with, looked at,..and,., The results... . #gil48 48]: overcome these shorteomings, how this solitude influences their They asked participants to, .. and measured. . . This experiment specifically aimed to... It emotional state,determine the effect of solitude on high-arousal emotions reductions in both types of emotion, OMKLA EIA MM ARO TB, new Lik. FS MDA H earlier RFA BH AK, QOANB—ALAY LMA He. asked participants to spend 4 measured #9 E 3k ANB HALF Hk s sitt Wik IMA ae HAA A Jet ARAL” without engaging in any activity BIR DARBY RBH AM. specifically Lak 2 HI 4 NARA 4B Hw HEI BO on high-arousal emotions — 44] — aii ot «a Sis a i FE LAR Dh ah AR A A a a OAR BRAVIA K. positive emotions 4 negative emotions 49 Fi 9 A KEM HH at KM eA HL th HO 48 1H HLH HE positive emotions 4 negative emotions A 3) 49M HE ae IRE BI at aba wy ANE ay 49 8h — FAL Fo MZ s excited interested scared distressed #4 Hik AAA AF HLH THK AR AT. OOAR BALM RAR, reductions #4 M4 .in both types of emotion FH . K Ht AE A RK SHEPRE HABA EMA EMA MRO”, alone W A second study measured the effects of solitude on low-arousal emotions. These included both positive and negative emotions, such as feeling calm, relaxed, sad or lonely. "That experiment found that all of these emotions were increased by time alone. Thus it seems past depictions of solitude were wrong. It doesn't have a simple emotional effect that can be characterized as good or bad, Rather. it changes the intensity of our inner experience, It amplifies quieter emotions. but it diminishes the intensity of stronger feelings. PBR LMS — TAMA RMS AH Mo WARD: A second study measured. .. These That experiment found that... Thus, ,. It doesn’t hi Kis HM iA): the the intensity of our inner included, effects of solitude on low-arousal emotions, increased by time alone, changes experience amplifies quieter emotions diminishes the intensity of stronger feelings. OOANBRHR PM AWW, A second study Lk, “FH MH Researchers began with a simple study 48 a 3 Je 4] th 815 — K Ab) 4-48 ; the effects of solitude on low-arousal emotions — #4] — 483K # Hw Ie JRE GH SE SE RAG A AL AP BLAH A 44 3B oh sboth positive and negative emotions ak it —H MARIE 9 6) 48 AH) 4 AER low-arousal emotionss feeling calm, relaxeds sad or lonely $4 YX RAR FH Wt ZL, HAT & low-arousal emotions #] RHA. QAR RWG. found Lit A AM 4-28 FH AEM sincreased by time alone EH 5 AIHA Hh A eB BN a ACA a. OFODMERRER HRM, BH RW. D4 Thus CAG MM AT a EAA RHR A 18#swrong Sik. AA ELAR MAT ES HEHE, DA doesn't have ¥ik, KH FRIE% zgood or bad — 3] — UAE AL SE ah ap aE ag MP IR” ab = A Hh a aba SL, OH Rather HHS MA, H th H Hh AF Hs changes, intensity inner experience % ik. Jr #@ F Mb th ie * HAL HEA RAG Mk Hy RR". D4 amplifies quieter emotions diminishes the intensity of stronger feelings ak i — ¥ il 8 HH ABH, V It’s worth clarifying that these findings relate to relatively brief periods of solitude. This is distinct from prolonged loneliness. Research has demonstrated that the latter is correlated with an assortment of negative physical and psychological effects. How can people benefit from being alone? The findings here suggest that people can use solitude to regulate their emotions, Solitude can help us become quiet after excitement, calm after an angry episode, or simply feel at peace. VX:kypk2023 AER URL RES GM HORA RMB RGA. WMHRIA : It's worth clarifying that, This is distinct from... Research has demonstrated that... The findings here suggest that... . eli Xi: findings relate to relatively brief periods of solitude people can use solitude to regulate their emotions. DEO 4h FA HR IMM MEE AM, DA Me's worth clarifying fea A AH a] a aOR ASL — 5H FA jrelatively brief periods Gi «SRAM AE a HALAL He op AFA OY Mh AL ALI My AE AFH] BY ARAL, 4) distinct from prolonged loneliness oF a » 79 28 dh LAE FAL) ACR fo KM] ARAL HER AURA, OH the latter,negative physical and psychological effects $3 « 534.15 a Kf i Ak AL Se ab fos A HR sb AL MS OZODAL MRM RR MH RM BR. D4 How con Ck. NMRA wT KAR PRA", OG suggest Fit. #4 9G 3] uh 47 OF A G4 B suse solitude to regulate their emotions Fi, Kk BH AS “TAA MRA A EMG ZH". DA quiet after excitement, calm after an angry episodes or simply feel at peace —#— 3 ah tit A at — 3) ip ie He BLM 6) A 2 ah a B (aaa) Q16: What is one of the criticisms directed at the early research on solitude? QI7: What do we learn about the results of the new research? Q18: What did the second experiment in the new research about solitude? Qs: ws ak F184 64 ABO “ALIF” directed at the early research on solitude # FARAMA REL ER SEMA T ae a EE AA HS QI7; What do we learn 4] #1 (4144 sabout the results of the new research 54 AM AERA L FRAT BOE MOE QI8: What did the second experiment in the new research find 8 it 31 0543 8 78.1 9 = 9H aah A Aeabout solitude — FAW MAMA AAA LPR =A KAR T sha oh Hh AM. (YY Steam 16. LAR BRE FWA F Bh Sh OY we SE BB — A ADE AT CAR T Hh ae He AAT THEE, | COE A He A BS a ma fe A BDEMLATHERAAH ERHR—ER, | EMR RMT RM MAE, (2S A) HA SAMA CLet’s start by looking at the earlier research. It had a couple of shortcomings. . . ) CSR] Co MRD HAI A PIM FAH OETA LA ARR ML OO A Ep RE EA AEA HB SB ak 2p 2h AA Fe aH HL AY, C LR AF it categorized emotions as simply positive or negative #9 F] X4EiE , HEM, AALMINEDA overlooking the possibility that, .. 5 LPM ALi 4 A A HEMI BARA Ae HA pH BATRA AC OT AE i ARP RIE ALT He AE A TA", BO ak AIK HAAS A, LAE, D IE] 4 measured, positive and negative emotions 4 independently 4 ARAL THA. 17, KFRAHHAOBR, BN TRAtA? A) Sk ALATA Ze ARK HF AAG TR a CRE 1S THREE ARNE. By ae aT AS ot Oo BP A HART RAB. | Dy seat eRe T Ba Aa. (iM A] $07 15.8 (The results were clear...) 19CARI] De UL ALGD $ Ar 9K A OF HW AO a ER RAM wR Ah 8 SERA 1S AE OY ARAL SR A a AA fe A A CAH aA a "SD wb a ROAM MAE HEM. A AM MAL]DA scared or distressed HFM. ALIH A 1 RAFT AHS —“ Ha A WO MA” ae EA RE ARORA ES. BRA RROD MTS RADE AMAR EY BL MR Ze A” 12 6) a A A BB He TA a RE SE RT PLE Hs. C5 MRA Y HB RHI RAFT RR. 18, LFA RAGAAPO SOPRA? AEFI ERB E MIL AIE [Oe at mit. LDeRES BEM At (i888 A) MH 1F.BIECA second study... That experiment found, . . ) (ARIAT) Co NV BRE 6 HB a Ap Fe Me OF IE AP RR ARE AL HH LIED 8) Jp Fe I A 24 15 8 AL IY RR”, CALL all of these emotions (low-arousal emotions) were increased by time alone #§ fl) X 4 SERIE, A ARO at A aE HE AGRO BA A RH] AR AAR LIB EB A PUNE AD sad 5 HEF A A 693 RE RAE AO I a Fe TTI”. DINE 8) AB AE A HH BS JE A Ha BSP IR EAE AHL) RR ON AYA I AF SAR vx :ky 2023 SDE RIP APACE A NALIRIE, 20-882 70 R Ae 90 FRAT EAM RT SRAM PEARSE AE ADE SY RAR ZVR PRA RS AFL EIA ESL T RP BIW I AA MP BART AI, LAMARA ALGAE, RLLALAR RAM, HA EMA RHO R BORE SE HE fe 7-91 Sri fo A He A SC TA HR, OR EAE HB 8, YH BOA Ae HH HRA AB SDAA UR AT A AE FO) A A A AT eS MO BUN, REL ARAL AT MMT RRO SMG RICH A Ld I 3 oe A A AS at RA A A RH PAPA HHO A SRA OP IRD LBL LAER A, BELAS AL—AA R TORE ATR AO 15 OP RALATAE (TIS «PRIM SER AP AAR Ato BA OS A AR SAR AHL REDE AL) RO a AEE AAU Oe a BS oh. RL at A IE T AH Me Co 3k de fo 3 Ae BR) oA Os ROE), AR AR WR, Bit 15 PP RSG KSA EM R I A H RINE TACT IRAE A Ho RE 16 RAL NI ae Pa a Wh FAR, RINE AIL AR AEM AAR BOE AR AR A A ab OE Oa RANI EA HOB AE RAM RRR SIR, HRA CAE T AM AGB RHR Ca KPA eee PUB RAG ER AL A RAEI A RR ASD aw AAP A A RAR RL, A Ba HH IP fos EM ADK, AMI BRP A] RMR A ATT RD 2 BB BIT OMAR LPT RBZ MTR MAE OE A Recording Two A fWwE{T BH AE ES DAB? | 19. A) It uses up much less energy than it does in deep] 20. A) Much of the consumption has nothing to do thinkin conscious activities, B) Tv remains inactive without burning calories) 1B) It has something to do with the difficulty of the noticeably. activities in question, ©) It continues to burn up calories to help us stay) C) Energy usage devoted to active learning accounts| in shape, for a big part of it. D) It consumes almost a quarter of the body’s total) DD) A significant amount of it is for performing difficult energy. cognitive tasks. 21, A) Iris believed to remain basically constant, C) Iv is conducive to relieving mental exhaustion, B) I is a prerequisite for any mental activity. 1D) Iris thought to be related to food consumption,(RAM AM a] 19, DP" aH FAG EEG I RS SAR a Re TS TR RAE AB POA FRSA HAR AI Ue FAR MAID BP AY I HE (OR 8B "RI 3 A HR 0. CP FED DH HEE HE SILA A LA 19 LT Ao Tit AA HH HE G29 48 IRA AEB (conscious activities difficulty of the activities.active learning, difficult cognitive tasks) #4 #€ & HEAL (Much,has something to do with,a big part.A significant amount) , 483M 8 #8 JiR i 1. 19,20 86.05 A A Hm Ue 15 55 A Wi A SEH AE AK «BC 4B 6 EAE M Ca. prerequisite for.conducive 10) A.D 48 A 41 At JE #9 18 AF Cis believed. is thought) , 42148 8 if 15 7 BARE RLM FEA AOE (HAWS MME MAR PH MIEKA BK. 1. EWA. uses up... energy, burning energy, consumption, Energy usage. 2. % Bi CB At) i 3): deep tivities, the activities in question, active learning, difficult cognitive AGT He A RSME AT BB ET Bh BY 0 HE HE 2. am calories,burn up calories, consume thinking, remains inactive, conscious stion, aa RE SREB Vx chypk2023 tasks mental activity smi T In 1984, the World Chess Championship was called off abruptly, due to the withered frame of a player who was competing for the title, He wasn’t alone in experiencing the extreme physical effects of the game. Elite players can reportedly burn up to an absurd 6,000 calories in one day. Does that mean that thinking harder is a simple route to losing weight? TBH HHH. BieeRiA 1984, the World Chess Championship, .. due to, .. Elite players. .. «84 AA] :the World Chess Championship was called off abruptly... the withered frame of a player.burn up to an absurd 6,000 calories in one day thinking harder is a simple route to losing weights DI BHHEBIMA. World Chess Championship 6 #44 called off Hk. 4) 39 "IE HAAN”. withered frame 38 .a player 44.5 due to BABA AA RF LR HA, One Hes HSA SBRR. wasn't alone ¥ i, extreme physical effects —4]— MR, ABR F WAH PARLE REAM, OAT BMF HRA ZH. absurd HMM 6,000 calories HR ADMF EHH A, OAM MHASH GM: WE SR BS — & fh BH MAB 2 BP Does that mean MM. RA 44k KA M4) , thinking harder J PUA, a simple route,losing weight Lik. A TRF Hi LH MRK AK SEMLGL— AM RHR? Does that mean ¢ 1. © Well, when the body is at rest, we know that the brain uses up a startling 20% to 25% of the werall energy. This level of utilization actually makes the brain the most energy-expensive organ in the body, and yet it makes up only 2% of the body's weight overall. ALE 3] tt Ok BO AA: EMT FE AR A. GHAR ABH: when... we know that, utilization, ,, and yet i = 401% XA] :when the body is at rest... the brain uses up a startling of the body’s overall energy .makes the brain the most energy-expensive organ in the body. 5 92 BH BR EO OEE.» (DA when the body is at rest HAL dt the brain £3, startling 20% to 25% of the body's overall energy — i) —#, & EK BEN 46H) HE fe Sr 1h HES, AEH GH XH. OA This level of utilization 4 MA, % Ast 4H HW sthe most energy-expensive organ.2% HH. = AA yeu MAR PEAK AE AP ARIA SHA ATE EA AA This level of 5% % to Il So the more we put this organ to work, the more calories we'll burn? Technically. the answer is What counts as a “difficult” mental task varies between individuals. yes, for cognitively difficult tas But generally. it could be described as something that the brain cannot solve easily using previously learned routines. or tasks that change the conditions continuously. FAR LAE SB TEE TTA AM EP A A BE HR. BAR IDM: So the more... the more calories...? Technically... But generally... #4 X44: the more we put this organ to work, the 21‘a ?...the answer is yes, for cognitively difficult tasks. OO sy Lis fa ASCH REF A HE A AT wD AMT tea RE RRA the more... EAA MEE 4) XA HLA RS AM RS LACHER $7 OA te Boyes Lik, cognitively difficult tasks —34— 9 28 a 07, FL AE AR JE AB BY Ax abGh So a A BO HS a RIL do tk OOMEXL UAB SMBH. What counts Li, oy Mehih so Me MH IRA s varies LHe MAM AA do HRA ADAMI. Bur gene ly Sik . #47 de tt — AK Hy cannot solve easily using previously learned routines change the conditions continuously 8) & 4k 4 at BE 0558 . W However, deep thinking will not burn off the calories gained from eating a sugary snack, Because in relation to the brain's huge overall energy usages which is devoted to multitude of tasks. the energy required just to think harder is actually comparatively tiny. © We're unconsc the brain's energy. A lot of that activity is unrelated to conscious activities like learning how to sing or play the guitar, 's of most of what uses up HA RLAM SES TA AME A TAD FE SENT EEL AD RB SHAE — Ri BAILS Be ee ARIZA: However, deep thinking, .. Because, KiB energy required just to think harder is actually comparatively tiny unconscious of most of what uses up the brain’s energy. COMKRUARERS Mik SHA SMA MMI TAT EM RER. D4) However iF 4b AF, §] CE ARGh Ho AER BO 38 5h SE HZ Ih — AK BBS 3H HY fle BN AGH AL. deep thinking will not burn off AHIR wt IEF deep thinking(*F & EX cognitively difficult tasks) 45 not ik +e RAGATH Wise RRB M9 16 Sh A HE. AMABILE HA HEE”, QA Because 1 HL. AD 4 HA 46 tk MAE, in relation to Fk. brain's huge overall energy usage #1 — a multitude of tasks #8 He. & Ss AL ab RA A RA AT ESE EE ab He EMT AS WARES. the energy required just to think harder 4 #4 yactually comparatively tiny — SRR AR a5 oy Rak to ABB AY aA AE HE A AEE AR AP POO ML a A a RE AE AR AE, ASME. ARRE RM ATH OOM NAH HA & BG wh 18H HE BAY 4 Ao unconscious, most unr RILIACK $M he EO) KE AH HO A We're unconscious of... A lot of that act ed to conscious activities £ i. SHER DAL PRAY HAS IRG BD V The brain is able to allocate blood (and thus energy) to particular regions that are being active at that point, [But the overall energy availability in the brain is thought to be constant, So while there might be significant increases in energy use at localized regions of the brain when we perform difficult cognitive tasks, when it comes to the whole brain's energy budget overall. these activities don’t significantly alter it, SY 12) aH itt — 2 08 A RT HA ME A A OE OA AE We at S GE, 18 Rie i: The brain is able to... But. » « HELIA: the overall energy availability in the bra brain's energy budget. .. these activities don't “gnitcanly alter it. OOF BA AAA HE BY A HEA Ao OA) The brainallocate blood, particular regions 38. being active IR REATHA oR BO 36 sh AAA MAY HE IR AS AE) RK RNA PALER, QA But $47 FE 36 LHF sthe overall energy availability in the brain 4 #44, thought to be constant #9 — 3 ME GL RIB METAL IL EAE EA NB RAE RE AH Joa aH AEE FOE DAHOO AE HME. So i] ADD a5 HAE, while 41 F454 'P significant increases. . . localized regions, .. perform difficult cognitive tasks "2 () 4 Sri Ha. when it comes to §] Hae energy budget overall '* whole 4% ."#2@4 the overall energy availability in the brain, don’t significantly alter it —#1 28 HEAR AR LP don't EHR LAW H SAHRA ARAM OLE LK E PAOD constant] #848 Hh 5 BF 7K HA, + while... when it comes to... these activities. in is thought to be constant, the whole hole brain's ML So, why did the chess champion grow too skinny to compete in his chess competition? The general consensus is that it mostly comes down to stress and reduced food consumption, not mental exhaustion, Keeping your body pumped up for action for long periods of time is very energy demanding. If you can’t eat as often or as much as you can or would normally—then you might lose weight. 22,BRMASHREREAM" HRERA—H#EMAHE MAEATA BRHRWUY, Bie ‘iia :So, why... The general consensus is thi 4% 05% Li: grow too skinny to compete in his chess competition,mostly comes down to stress and reduced food consumption, not mental exhaustion. OOMMAME RAH WH RA, D4 why,too skinny Lik AREA ARH KM, D4 general consensus stress,reduced food consumption #4 48 #4] sk AAD AES 45 HAR ARF UHR MRR AUB AK a TAC RR snot LR A MI 5 Oh SE AEM Ah OF ah Fe AR MS RAM SL, OOM OO A328 tH HM ATM. D4 Keeping your body pumped up for action for long periods of time B48 AIR AFH HRM RAF 24 stresssvery energy demanding —#4— HA 4) “BOD 4 “A FEA ie HH". De as often or as much as you can or would normally #€ 2 if # «might lose weight HK AF ROOTRE RARE MT HBR (Cia 4] Q19; What do we learn about the brain when the body is at rest? Q20; What does the speaker say about the consumption of the brain's energy? Q21; What do we learn about the overall energy availability in the brain? Qu + What do we learn #8748 8 38) da 48 4 sthe brain $k & B48 1 af & when the body is at rest TE A RAE RRA, Q20; What does the speaker say #8 > #4 8 #8 Fl 4 4 48.8 sthe consumption of the brain's energy HL SERA TR. hat do we learn 48 46 6 10 Ff 7% ARRAS, A SAI \-hoypi2023 19, HF ARSE F PKS AK AS BS AY A, RANT MBE A? A) CHHGRELRREA YAS. C) EMRE ETE BA AAR AER B) ERHREKRS, RELMREBZ, D) EHS EH IPS—. [ik i EA 40 F te & A (Well, when the body is at rest. we know that...). [SSAA] Do ALA SR TER SA ARACEAE HAR te HHH 20% HH 25%, Hp Ss CARE 09 3p — a D saa, LOT Hb BAY SEAR AY TA GRAB An A RE UR I TR AR A a HE. De RBA MAIER RCIA MAE. CHA AA losing weight 12. 4) HE HEA" LH AB He G ak MORELIA TELERL PHAM HAR TRE A A HH A MIG OME EH AIRE 20, RFA HAM he MH HE, IAT +A? AD KARA RE SEMIS HE EK. ©) MFLAEA OREM G RAAF. B) EHMRGABHRRAR, D) 3 Pan 3 A — 85 a IF a AF AE HA ss ah. (iG EA ]éa Wi ts BA (We're unconscious of... A lot of that activity. .. ) CAPRA] AL NAAR LAIN A ce ROE HAE KNEE OK SAB Sb IS RAMEE AS REALL MAND ARE HS ABR DAL A Bah MAE COL AEIR-AAS RUGS 3h), MAE HT HAD VA AA wh PARR BO HA sb RIL A AAR BHA IY HE BRS BALEEMESEARRA AWE MRR RH WM ie DTA “KBAR Bh, RACE AG CP a AT A fo 76 Hh) HE A KR HEP GY DE seat 21, AF AAA AM he, RANT MBA? ) EARN RARER E. ©) EAM FRIAR, B) EREMMMSAGAREH. D) CHUVASTHHRBMR, (i220 14 4 AL (But the overall energy availability in the br de [SRM] AS VAN AMP TANG LRERAA RTH MAEM, BO VEE MEA 89 9b 6" 2 AR BS AR AEH So ah A EE AH RIL RAR A AK 1B, C.D P food consumption 5 mental exhaustion 3) 4 VIA SI. 12 At SR Ne A BLU AL 2 Ye HEP HK 2k OH AR A MRL 5 AEE AL AP. sthe overall energy availability in the brain £3 —i]— 23