# Molecular cot

Equivalent cot =

nflralencyfaetoa)

✗ Calculation of neo -

① For Acids : -

Hoof H+ ion produced in solution .

G
>

µ ,, =
1 Hzpope =3
*
Hzsope =
2 Hzpoz =
2
H NO } I Hzpoz I
= =

* nf depend upon the reaction -

Hgpop → Ht + Hapopé nf= I Eq

. =

2Mt Hpoqrh Mz
-

Hgpop → +
nf=2 Eq=
> -

Hgpoq 3Mt Pop nf Eq=

¥
→
+ =3

Important :
-

nf of Hs Boz Boric Acid nf =D

* Hz Boz is a weak monobasic nonprotic Lewis Aeido
Reason
HzB0z 1- Neon >
( Blog } -1 At

A) Find equivalent out of following -

④ HMO } ⑨ tklopa ② 425207

n-o-ni-oo-I-o-un-o-H-o-H.tn
f- I
nf=1 nf=1 nf=2
Eqwt
-71
Eqwt-Y-tq.co/---n2Qj
Find the equivalent of Hasoqstlgpoa in
following
Hasoq + NaOH → Malloy 1- H2O

nf=1
→
Hzpoq t 2 NaOH Nbytlpol 1- H2O

nf=2,Eq=Y-
④ For Bases
No
of produced insolation
-

.
on .

eg
.

NaOH =\

mgl0H)2=2

Allow, =3

Allows >
( A1 ( 0h32 )+t nf
-

on

"
Allows ( Alton ) ] -120h nf=2
-

>

"
Allows (A1 ) +30N if =3
-

>

④ For Salts
Total positive change / total negative change
eg→
Cada nf =
2 ,
AKI, rf =3

mgcla nf = 2
⑨ For Redox Reaction

Casey when
only one atom undergoing either
oxidation or reduction .

mñ2
-

eg Manoj + I → + Iz

m%oj→mñ2 / I
-

→ II

nf=s nf=l

nf= change in on

-13
+9

↳ opt
-

④ >
coz of =
2×1=2

+s o

1=05 >
Iz nf = s

-15 -3

④ N°5 >
MHz nf =
8

0 -12

znoad nf=
-

⑨ Zn >
2
 COÉ
-16
Acidic }
Kzcorao , >
of -2×3=6

Acidic
kpatnop > nantz nf= s

knatnop Basic
s k2M%oq nf= 1

Neutral
KÑTn°t on
,
nqtnoz nf =3

Alkaline
+3

Hagop
AÉ jog nf= 1×2
=
2

when two or more atoms

case 2
undergoing
either oxidation or reduction .

+2
%) +3 } -19

Feczoq → Fet +
coz

nfofc __
2×1--2

nfoffe -1

+2 +2
Total nf=2 -11=3
-1 +p

egg Fesa >

Feaoz -1 502

nf= 5×2=10

nf -
l
Netnf -_ 10-11--11
④ city 52 > in + +5%2
nf=6 ,
Netnf =
8
nf =2
-13 -16 to
-12
④ Fe
Fezlsope)z > + soy

nf =
2×3
nf= 2

Netnf =
8

Case 3 When
only one atom undergoing
either oxidation or reduction
but appears in two products with
same oxidation number .

eg > }
cut cat
.

Kakao > → +

nf =
6

When atom undergoing

case 4
only one

either oxidation or reduction

but appears in two products with

diff .
oxidation numbers
 3nÑnoq-
"

eg
. @ > 2min12 + man

nf 5×2--10

I
nf=
nfitnfz
nf =

hoof males of nf lg
=

reactants

÷
=

-17
" -14
⑨ 3mn05 > 2mn + ran

nf =
5×2--10

nf = 3

nf =

103+2 =
13/3

④ 2min of →
"
ran + rants
nf s
=

nf -11
=

nf =

5¥ =3
 atom
Case -5 when one
undergoing oxidation
and other atom reduction .

eg
.

+s
kill É2
-2

@ Kcl03 > +

nf =
2×3=6

nf=6

Nletnf =

nf ,
=

nfz

Netnf -_
6

-3 +6 o +3
① ( MHP)2Cha07 →
N2 + Chaos

nf =
3×2=6 nf =
3×2=6

Net
.nf=6

1<2%20 , -1 Hui ! → akii-aiiiib-3.ci ,

I -17420
nf -2×3 142k¥ 342°
= 6

Inf %)
-
case 7 When species is oxidised as well as
one

reduced ( Disproportionation Rxn)

Type @ If reaction is balanced .

nf = 1×2--2
'
4205 → Hao→ + 02°

nf = 1×2--2

Netnf nfi =
nfz

when reaction is not balanced

Type 2. -

nf =
1×2=2

Biz > Boi + ÑÉo5

nf =
5×2=10

nnt-YE.it#--aIY-o--E--
§
 nf -_
1×9=4
+I

@ pig > ÑÑ,

+
Hypos

nf=
=iz
3×9 "
f=¥¥=%d=3
2×8=16
hf=

② SB , s2
-

+ 15%32 -

nf= 2×8=16 nfnet -_ 16

nf=2
③ Eeo - a- + cFoa-
nf=2
nfnet __ 2

1×2=2
nf =

⑧ ✗ I → ✗
-

+ Io -

nf= 1×2=2
Netnf __
2
Qj Find
diff between Eqwt of Nhs S
Nao

nf 3×2=6
Eqwt 2%
=
=
,

nibs
N2
N°2
'

.
> =

¥
nf = 3 Eqwt =
17

MHz 3-

Ig -

¥ =
3- =
I

Qj Equi out of nlazszoz as ereduetant in reaction .

-12 -16 o

Naa 5203 >

Nags of -124cL -1 S

nf =
4×2 =
8

Eqwt
F-
=