Discover Sociology 3rd Edition Chambliss Test Bank

Discover Sociology 3rd Edition
Chambliss Test Bank

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Instructor Resource
Chambliss, Discover Sociology 3e
SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
Chapter 7: Social Class and Inequality in the United States
1. A disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige, or another resource is referred to as

______.
a. social stratification
b. social inequality
c. class differences
d. class status
Ans: B
Answer Location: Stratification in Traditional and Modern Societies
Learning Objective: LO 7-1: Identify characteristics of stratification in traditional and
modern societies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The systematic ranking of different groups of people in a hierarchy of inequality is

referred to as ______.
a. social stratification
b. social inequality
c. class differences
d. class status
Ans: A
modern societies.
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a caste society?

a. Social levels are closed.
b. Social level is determined at birth by characteristics that largely cannot be changed.
c. Social mobility is very rare.
d. Caste society is based on achieved, rather than ascribed, characteristics.
Ans: D
Answer Location: Caste Societies
modern societies.
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a class society?

Instructor Resource
a. Social level is determined largely by economic status.

b. Social mobility is encouraged.
c. Social level is based on ascribed, rather than achieved, characteristics.
d. Social level is influenced by parent’s social level.
Ans: C
Answer Location: Class Societies
modern societies.
5. Which of the following is NOT an ascribed status?

a. race
b. sex
c. caste
d. educational level
Ans: D
Answer Location: Sociological Building Blocks of Social Class
modern societies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
6. Which of the following does NOT represent stratification in the United States?
a. Before the abolition of slavery, the United States was a racial caste system because
unless a slave escaped or was freed by his or her owner, it was usually a permanent
condition.
b. Class stratification resembles a teardrop, with a large number of people in the middle
ranks, a slightly smaller number of people at the bottom, and very few people at the top.
c. It is relatively easy to move upward from working class to upper class, as long as you
earn an education and work hard.
d. Many middle-class Americans have experienced downward mobility in recent
decades.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: LO 7-3: Describe dimensions of socioeconomic inequality in the
U.S.
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which shape do sociologists like Gilbert and Kahl believe the class stratification of
modern capitalist societies most closely resembles?
a. rectangle
b. diamond
c. teardrop
Instructor Resource
d. pyramid
Ans: C
modern societies.
8. Which type of society is most likely to feature social mobility?

a. communist societies
b. caste societies
c. class societies
d. poor societies
Ans: C
modern societies.
9. Which of the following is the best sociological definition of income?

a. an individual’s yearly salary
b. wages, tips, and other compensation
c. the amount of money a person or household earns in a given period of time
d. the value of everything a person owns, minus the value of everything he or she owes
Ans: C
Answer Location: Income
Learning Objective: LO 7-2: Describe components of social class, including income,
wealth, occupation, status, and political voice.
10. Which of the following is NOT considered income?

a. disability checks
b. TANF or other public-assistance benefits
c. tips
d. home equity
Ans: D
Instructor Resource
11. Which of the following is most important for getting ahead in the system of
stratification?
a. wealth
b. income
c. status
d. occupation
Ans: A
Answer Location: Wealth
12. Which of the following would NOT be considered in measuring one’s wealth?
a. student loan debt
b. car ownership
c. status
d. home equity
Ans: C
13. Which of the following would be considered net financial assets?

a. homes
b. investments
c. cars
d. cash
Ans: B
wealth, occupation, status, and political power.
14. Which of the following would be considered a blue-collar job?

a. auto mechanic
b. receptionist
c. investment banker
d. salesperson
Ans: A
Answer Location: Occupation
Instructor Resource

15. Which of the following does NOT reflect the sociological definition of occupation?
a. the prestige associated with a given position
b. a person’s main vocation
c. the average household’s main source of income
d. paid employment
Ans: A
16. Which of the following would NOT be considered a white-collar occupation?

a. a fry cook at a fast-food chain
b. a researcher at a think tank
c. a civil rights attorney
d. a professor
Ans: A
17. Which of the following is NOT necessarily associated with a higher degree of status
or prestige in the minds of the public?
a. family background
b. contribution to public welfare
c. occupation
d. income
Ans: D
Answer Location: Status
18. Which of the following best represents an occupation with high prestige or status but
lower income?
a. firefighter
Instructor Resource
b. doctor
c. lawyer
d. congressperson
Ans: A
19. The ability to exercise influence on political institutions and/or actors to realize
personal or group interests is referred to as ______.
a. political voice
b. political power
c. mobilization of resources
d. political authority
Ans: B
Answer Location: Political Voice
20. According to the U.S. Census, the top 20% of income earners take in about
______% of the total income.
a. 5
b. 15
c. 25
d. 50
Ans: D
Answer Location: Income Inequality
U.S.
21. A 2014 study by Saez and Zucman found that in about ______% of U.S.
households, debts are roughly equal to assets, meaning the family has zero wealth.
a. 10
b. 15
c. 25
d. 50
Ans: D
Answer Location: Wealth Inequality
Instructor Resource

22. Which of the following best explains the decline in health insurance coverage for
workers in the bottom quintile of earners from the 1980s to the 1990s?
a. the increase in the population of children under age 18
b. the growth of service sector jobs that have been increasingly unlikely to offer
employer benefits
c. lack of access to healthy food
d. higher rates of heart disease, diabetes, and many types of cancer
Ans: B
Answer Location: Other Gaps: Inequalities in Health Care, Health, and Access to
Consumer Goods
U.S.
23. Which of the following is NOT an accurate representation of the relationship

between health outcomes and class?
a. Poor people may be less physically active because they have less access safe or
well-equipped facilities in which to play and exercise.
b. Grocery stores are available in almost all neighborhoods; middle-class people are
just more educated about which food choices are the healthiest.
c. Less affluent people are more likely to die from cancer because they may lack access
to health insurance or clinics that offer health screenings.
d. Hospitalization rates for asthma for African American children are 4 to 5 times higher
than the rate for White children.
Ans: B
Consumer Goods
U.S.
24. Which of the following is characteristic of food deserts?

a. fresh fruit, vegetables, and meat
b. lower prices for food
c. residents may need to travel great distances if they want to shop at high-quality
grocery stores
d. more neighborhood food options to choose from
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
Consumer Goods
U.S.
25. Which of the following is characteristic of service sector occupations?

a. They have increasingly replaced manufacturing jobs as the primary employment for
those with less education.
b. They are more likely to offer benefits such as medical or dental insurance.
c. They typically offer a “living wage” rather than just a minimum wage.
d. They offer a solid road to the middle class.
Ans: A
Consumer Goods
26. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the growth of inequality?
a. Labor demands have changed, and workers with more education are more highly
valued, whereas those with little education are becoming less valued.
b. The service sector jobs that have replaced manufacturing jobs have lower pay scales
and fewer benefits.
c. More women are working, which means there are fewer jobs for men that pay
“breadwinner” salaries.
d. Many minimum-wage workers earn below the official poverty line.
Ans: C
Answer Location: Why Has Inequality Grown?
U.S.
Difficulty Level: Hard
27. Which of the following groups has the highest level of the poverty?
a. female-headed households with no husband present
b. Blacks
c. Latinos
d. married couples
Ans: A
Answer Location: At the Bottom of the Ladder: Poverty in the United States
Learning Objective: LO 7-4: Discuss problems of neighborhood poverty.
Instructor Resource
28. Which of the following is characteristic of the official U.S. poverty line?
a. It is equal to the amount of money earned by minimum-wage workers.
b. It is based on a 1960s estimate that the average family spends about one third of its
income on food.
c. Adjustments are made for varying costs of living.
d. It includes noncash benefits, such as food stamps and public-housing vouchers.
Ans: B
Answer Location: The Problem of Neighborhood Poverty
Learning Objective: LO 7-4: Discuss the problem of neighborhood poverty.
29. Which idea suggests that society benefits from stratification because the most
important positions are occupied by the most qualified individuals?
a. life chances
b. conflict theory
c. meritocracy
d. functional alternatives
Ans: C
Answer Location: The Functionalist Explanation
Learning Objective: LO 7-5: Analyze the existence and persistence of stratification and
poverty from sociological perspectives.
30. Which of the following would NOT be considered “benefits” to the nonpoor of having
a class of poor people?
a. low-wage workers available to do society’s “dirty work”
b. jobs for lower-class people who help the poor
c. a market for products that would go unused, such as used cars or old food
d. to serve as a scapegoat for society’s problems
Ans: B
31. Herbert Gans argued that the “functions” served by the poor have ______; that is,
they could be fulfilled by other means than poverty.
a. functional alternatives
b. meritocracy
c. manifest tendencies
Instructor Resource
d. class bias
Ans: A
32. According to Karl Marx, the ______ own(s) the means of production, which they use
to exploit the labor of the workers.
a. proletariat
b. bourgeoisie
c. proprietors
d. nouveau riche
Ans: B
Answer Location: The Social Conflict Explanation
True/False
33. Karl Marx argued that the relationship between workers and capitalists was
interdependent; that is, they relied on each other to survive in a capitalist system.
Ans: T
34. The standards by which the official U.S. poverty line is determined each year are
carefully examined to reflect actual expenditures and income requirements of the
average American.
Ans: F
U.S.
Instructor Resource
35. Most poor people just don’t want to work. If they just took the jobs that were
available to them, their wages would lift them above the poverty line to meet their basic
needs.
Ans: F
modern societies.
36. Income gains in the United States have been disproportionately concentrated
among top earners.
Ans: T
37. Data show that those with greater income and education are less likely than their
less well-off peers to have and die of heart disease, diabetes, and many types of
cancer.
Ans: T
Consumer Goods
38. In the postindustrial economy of today, the United States manufactures more of the
goods it consumes.
Ans: F
39. Today, there are nearly 2 million fewer jobs in the mid- and higher-wage industries
than there were before the recession.
Ans: T
U.S.
Instructor Resource

40. Although well intentioned, Lyndon Johnson’s war on poverty was largely
unsuccessful and had little effect on the national poverty rate.
Ans: F
U.S.
41. Social inequality and stratification is sociologically only understood in quantitative

terms, such as income and wealth.
Ans: F
modern societies.
42. The legally enforced separation of Blacks and Whites in the United States after the
end of slavery could be considered a caste society.
Ans: T
modern societies.
43. Class stratification in modern capitalist societies resembles a pyramid, with a large
number of underclass people at the bottom and successively smaller numbers in the
upper tiers of more economically advantaged members.
Ans: F
modern societies.
44. In the United States, there are few barriers to upward social mobility. As long as
someone works hard enough, they can achieve middle- or upper-class status.
Ans: F
Instructor Resource

modern societies.
45. According to Herbert Gans, poverty can only be eliminated when it becomes
dysfunctional for the affluent and powerful, rather than just dysfunctional for the poor.
Ans: T
46. Theories influenced by Marx’s ideas have fallen out of popularity, as there are no
longer struggles between workers and owners.
Ans: F
47. According to most measures, income inequality has steadily decreased since the
1970s.
Ans: F
48. In 2013, median net worth of White households was nearly $142,000 while Black
household net worth was $11,000, and Hispanic household wealth was nearly $14,000.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Wealth Inequality
Short Answer
49. While they may not be highly paid professionals, the occupations of firefighter and
nurse have very great ______.
Instructor Resource
Ans: prestige
50. C. Wright Mills believed that power in the United States was concentrated in the
hands of a small power elite rather than run through a fluid, competitive political system,
as advocated by the ______ perspective.
Ans: pluralist
51. As many families moved to the suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s, jobs eventually
followed, contributing to ______ mismatch between jobs in the suburbs and potential
workers in urban areas.
Ans: spatial
Learning Objective: LO 7-4: Discuss the problem of neighborhood poverty.
52. ______ status refers to a social position linked to one’s acquisition of socially valued
credentials or skills, whereas ascribed status refers to a social position linked to
characteristics that are socially significant but cannot be altered.
Ans: Achieved
modern societies.
53. Class position at birth influences one’s ______ chances—the opportunities and
obstacles the person will encounter in education, social life, and work that affect social
mobility.
Ans: life
modern societies.
Instructor Resource
54. About ______% of Americans live below the official U.S. poverty line.
Ans: 15
U.S.
55. The official poverty threshold for a family of four in 2013 was about ______.
Ans: $24,000
U.S.
56. Caste societies are considered ______, whereas class societies are considered
open.
Ans: closed
modern societies.
57. Discuss the three main characteristics of a socially stratified system.

Ans: 1. Rankings apply to social categories of people, people who share a common
characteristic without necessarily interacting or identifying with one another. 2. People’s
life experiences and opportunities are powerfully influenced by how their social category
is ranked. Achieved status: social position linked to one’s acquisition of socially valued
credentials or skills. Ascribed status: social position linked to characteristics that are
socially significant but cannot generally be altered (such as race or gender). 3.
Hierarchical positions of social categories tend to change slowly over time.
modern societies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
58. Identify the differences between blue-collar, white-collar, pink-collar, and gold-collar
occupations.
Ans: Blue collar: based primarily on manual labor (factory workers, agricultural laborers,
truck drivers, and miners). White collar: require mainly analytic skills or formal education
(doctors, lawyers, and business managers). Pink collar: jobs that primarily employ
Instructor Resource
women in semiskilled, low-paid service positions (waitresses, sales clerks, and

receptionists). Gold collar: young professionals who command huge salaries and high
occupational positions very early in their professional careers.
Cognitive Domain: Application
59. Explain the difference between income inequality and social inequality.
Ans: Varies. Social inequality: a high degree of disparity in income, wealth, power,
prestige, and other resources. Income inequality: differences in income between highest
and lowest earners and the structures in place that reproduce differences in income.
modern societies.
60. Explain the difference between social inequality and social stratification and why this
difference is important.
Ans: Social stratification is the systematic ranking of different groups of people in a
hierarchy of inequality. Social inequality: a disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige,
and other resources.
modern societies.
61. Define achieved status and ascribed status, and provide an example of each.
Ans: Varies. Achieved status: an individual’s social position is linked to his or her
acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills. Ascribed status: an individual’s social
position is linked to characteristics that are socially significant but cannot generally be
altered (such as race or gender).
modern societies.
62. Discuss the evolution of stratification over time, from hunter-gatherer societies to
agriculture-based societies to industrial societies to modern capitalist societies today.
Ans: The earliest societies, based on hunting and gathering, had little social
stratification; there were few resources to divide, so differences within communities
Instructor Resource
were less pronounced, at least materially. The development of agriculture produced

considerably more wealth and a consequent rise in social stratification. The hierarchy in
agricultural societies increasingly came to resemble a pyramid, with a large number of
poor people at the bottom and successively smaller numbers in the upper tiers of more
economically advantaged members. Modern capitalist societies are, predictably, even
more complex: Some sociologists suggest that class stratification resembles a teardrop,
with a large number of people in the middle ranks, a slightly smaller number of people at
the bottom, and very few people at the top.
modern societies.
63. Explore the relationships between class position at birth, social mobility, and life
chances.
Ans: Class refers to a person’s economic position in society, which is associated with
differences in income, wealth, and occupation. Class position at birth strongly influences
a person’s life chances, the opportunities and obstacles the person will encounter in
education, social life, work, and other areas critical to social mobility. Social mobility is
the upward or downward status movement of individuals or groups over time. Many
middle-class Americans have experienced downward mobility in recent decades.
Upward social mobility may be experienced by those who earn educational credentials
or have social networks they can tap.
modern societies.
64. Discuss the relationships between occupation, income, and status. Present an
argument to explain inconsistencies between an occupation’s income and its status.
Ans: Varies. Contribution to public welfare, though sometimes not economically well
compensated, can be endowed with high levels of social prestige. On the other hand,
jobs can be well compensated but seen as less prestigious, such as stockbrokers, real-
estate agents, and accountants.
65. Define the term official poverty line. How is having an official poverty line useful for
measuring inequality? How is the official poverty line problematic?
Instructor Resource
Ans: Varies. Official poverty line: the dollar amount set by the government as the
minimum amount of money needed to meet the basic needs for a family. Useful in
measuring poverty. Problematic in that it is used as a standard but is based on outdated
measures (food budgets from the 1950s) and arguably far too low to address the true
cost of living. Others argue that the poverty line overestimates poverty by not including
welfare benefits as income.
U.S.
66. Discuss the relationships between inequality, race, and gender, including a
reflection on how the three intersect. Apply a conflict analysis.
Ans: Varies.
Answer Location: Class and Inequality in the United States: Dimensions and Trends
67. The United States is a meritocracy. Explain what is meant by this statement.
Present an argument either agreeing or disagreeing with this statement.
Ans: Varies. Meritocracy: a society in which personal success is based on talent and
individual effort.
68. Herbert Gans posed the following question: “How is poverty positively functional in
U.S. society?” Identify three of the “benefits” he outlined that the nonpoor receive from
the existence of poverty.
Ans: Varies. Gans argues that poverty benefits the middle and upper classes by
providing low-wage workers available to do society’s “dirty work”; jobs for middle-class
people who help the poor; a market for products that would go unused, such as used
cars or old food; and scapegoats for society’s problems.
Essay
Instructor Resource
69. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore are well known for their functionalist analysis of
social stratification. However, there are many who challenge their ideas. Provide a
summary of Davis and Moore’s theory, as well as a critique of its weaknesses.
Ans: Davis and Moore: Some positions, the most “functionally important” positions,
require more skill, talent, and training than others. These positions are difficult to fill and
may suffer from a “scarcity of personnel.” To ensure they get filled, societies offer
valued rewards, such as money, prestige, and leisure, to induce the best and brightest
to make “sacrifices,” such as getting a higher education, and to do these important jobs
conscientiously and competently. Critique of Davis and Moore: Difficult to argue that the
actual difference in rewards between positions is necessarily a measure of their relative
worth to society. When people acquire socially important, higher-status positions by
virtue of their skills and efforts, they are able to pass along economic privilege,
educational opportunities, and social connections to their children, even if their children
are not bright, motivated, or qualified. Stratification may limit discovery of talent in
society, rather than ensuring it, by creating a situation in which those who are born to
privilege are given fuller opportunities and avenues to realize occupational success
while others are limited by poor schooling, little money, and lack of networks.
70. Explain the relationship between power and class. In other words, what role do
political power and voice play in the reproduction of class differences?
Ans: The affluent can use their wealth and other resources to support a particular
political candidate or outcome. Legislation and political decisions reflect the interests of
the wealthy, rather than the poor or those with less economic power and thus political
power. They also have the power to shape media representation of the poor—for
example, the “welfare queen” trope. Class is then reproduced as a political structure
that keeps the affluent, affluent, and the poor, poor. Could cite specific legislation or
political decisions such as Citizens United, Wall Street regulations, or bank and
automotive bailouts.
71. Explain the difference between wealth and income, including what they are, how
they are primarily used, and how wealth and income inequalities have changed over
time.
Ans: Income: the amount of money a person or household earns in a given period of
time. Derived from job salary, investments, social security, and disability. Goes toward
Instructor Resource
food, clothing, shelter, health care, and other costs of daily living. Income has stagnated
and even decreased compared with earlier decades, and inequality has risen. Wealth:
the value of everything a person owns, minus the value of everything she or he owes.
Includes home equity and illiquid assets logistically difficult to transform into cash. Net
financial assets: measure of wealth that excludes illiquid personal assets such as home
and car. Stocks, bonds, cash, and other forms of investment assets. Built up over a
lifetime and passed down over generations. Used to create new opportunities rather
than just routine expenditures. Buys a high-quality education, business ventures,
access to travel and leisure, financial security, and creation of new wealth. Has become
increasingly concentrated into the hands of fewer and fewer people; inequality has
increased.
72. Describe, in detail, the difference between a class society and a caste society,
including a discussion of ascribed and achieved status and upward and downward
mobility. Present an argument for whether you think the United States is a class society
or a caste society.
Ans: Varies. Caste society: a social system in which social status is given for life. Caste
societies are closed to social mobility. Class society: a social system in which social
level is open to movement so that changing class status is possible. Class society
generally based on achieved status: an individual’s social position is linked to his or her
acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills. Caste society generally based on
ascribed status: an individual’s social position is linked to characteristics that are
socially significant but cannot generally be altered (such as race or gender). Upward
mobility possible in class society, generally isn’t possible in a caste society. Argument
could include discussion of difficulty in changing classes in the United States, despite
common wisdom saying that it’s possible. Could also discuss race still being a caste
system in the United States.
modern societies.
73. Discuss the relationships between occupation, income, and health. Include a
discussion of the shift in types of occupation, in particular, the growth of the service
sector.
Ans: Varies. Many of the jobs created in the 1980s and 1990s were positions in the
service sector, which includes retail sales and food service. While the quantity of jobs
created in this period helped push down the unemployment rate, the quality of jobs
created for those with less education was not on par with many of the jobs lost as U.S.
Instructor Resource
manufacturing became automated or moved overseas. Many service sector jobs pay
wages at or just above minimum wage and have been increasingly unlikely to offer
employer benefits such as health insurance. Perhaps predictably, data show a powerful
relationship between health and class status. Empirical data show that those with
greater income and education are less likely than their less well-off peers to have and
die of heart disease, diabetes, and many types of cancer. Just as income is distributed
unevenly in the population, so is good health. Could also discuss food deserts.
Consumer Goods
74. Explain why inequality has grown in recent decades.

Ans: Varies. Could include discussion of transition from industrial to postindustrial,
changes in education, rise of student loan debt, Great Recession, deregulation of
finance industry, service sector economy, decrease in unionization, spread of capitalism
and globalization, etc.
75. Propose a research study that examines the relationship between neighborhood
and life chances. Include discussion of how you would frame your research question
and what theory or theories you would apply, select an appropriate research
methodology, weigh any ethical implications, and discuss any challenges or threats to
data collection, reliability, or validity that may arise. Briefly reflect on the neighborhood
you grew up in and how that may have influenced your own life chances.
Ans: Varies. Researchers distinguish between household (or individual) poverty and
neighborhood poverty. Studies suggest that living in a poor neighborhood amplifies the
effects of poverty and also poses challenges, including limited mobility and food
deserts, to nonpoor residents.
Learning Objective: LO 7-4: Discuss the problems of neighborhood poverty.
76. Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict approaches to inequality.
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each.
Ans: Varies.
Answer Location: Why Do Stratification and Poverty Exist and Persist in Class
Societies?
Instructor Resource
77. Reflect on your own social class. Discuss how your family’s social class has been
reproduced over time or how your family has experienced either upward or downward
mobility. Be sure to focus on structural or systematic reasons rather than individual
reasons.
Ans: Varies.
modern societies.
78. Discuss how social mobility in the United States has shifted over time. Do you think
it is easier or more difficult today to move upward in social class compared to 50 years
ago? Why?
Ans: Varies. Many middle-class Americans have experienced downward mobility in
recent decades. Upward social mobility may be experienced by those who earn
educational credentials or have social networks they can tap.
modern societies.
79. Common wisdom tells us, “Just pull yourself up by your bootstraps”—that is, work
hard, earn an education, and you will attain wealth and success. Use your sociological
imagination and the theories from this chapter to challenge or support common wisdom.
Ans: Varies. Should discuss the concept of meritocracy.
80. More than a century has passed since Marx formulated his theories of inequality.
Some argue that his theories no longer apply to today’s workplaces. Present an
argument either agreeing or disagreeing with this statement.
Ans: Varies.
Answer Location: Why Do Stratification and Poverty Exist and Persist in Class
Societies?
Instructor Resource

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Chapter 7: Social Class and Inequality in the United States

1. A disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige, or another resource is referred to as

2. The systematic ranking of different groups of people in a hierarchy of inequality is

3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a caste society?

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a class society?

a. Social level is determined largely by economic status.

5. Which of the following is NOT an ascribed status?

8. Which type of society is most likely to feature social mobility?

9. Which of the following is the best sociological definition of income?

10. Which of the following is NOT considered income?

13. Which of the following would be considered net financial assets?

14. Which of the following would be considered a blue-collar job?

Learning Objective: LO 7-2: Describe components of social class, including income,

16. Which of the following would NOT be considered a white-collar occupation?

Learning Objective: LO 7-2: Describe components of social class, including income,

23. Which of the following is NOT an accurate representation of the relationship

24. Which of the following is characteristic of food deserts?

25. Which of the following is characteristic of service sector occupations?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

41. Social inequality and stratification is sociologically only understood in quantitative

Learning Objective: LO 7-1: Identify characteristics of stratification in traditional and

57. Discuss the three main characteristics of a socially stratified system.

women in semiskilled, low-paid service positions (waitresses, sales clerks, and

were less pronounced, at least materially. The development of agriculture produced

74. Explain why inequality has grown in recent decades.

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